There is no point in timing out a join attempt any more. Timing out and
retrying with the same master is pointless, and an in-flight join
attempt to one master no longer blocks attempts to join other masters.
This commit removes this unnecessary setting.
Relates #60872 in which this setting was deprecated.
The use of node filters for excluding nodes from the voting configuration was
deprecated in #50836; this commit removes support for node filters in this API.
Closes#47990