elasticsearch/docs/README.asciidoc

The Elasticsearch docs are in AsciiDoc format and can be built using the
Elasticsearch documentation build process.

See: https://github.com/elastic/docs

=== Backporting doc fixes

* Doc bug fixes and enhancements to existing content should be made against master 
and backported as far as the current version. Backporting doc changes to earlier minor versions
that are out of maintenance is often complicated due to content restructuring and is not required.

* Backport important fixes such as security updates that have a direct customer impact to all affected versions. 

* Avoid backporting doc changes across major versions unless it’s an important fix or 
the change is related to upgrading from the last minor version of the previous major.

* Do not backport doc changes to https://www.elastic.co/support/eol[EOL versions]. 

* Doc PRs opened against released (non-EOL) versions can be merged to that version, 
applied to master, and backported to the current version (where applicable).  

=== Snippet testing

Snippets marked with `[source,console]` are automatically annotated with
"VIEW IN CONSOLE" and "COPY AS CURL" in the documentation and are automatically
tested by the command `./gradlew -pdocs check`. To test just the docs from a
single page, use e.g. `./gradlew -ddocs integTestRunner --tests "*rollover*"`.

NOTE: Previously we use `// CONSOLE` instead of `[source,console]`. This worked
well for a long time so you'll see it all over early branches but we're phasing
it out because it requires some unpleasant hackery on the docs build side.

NOTE: If you have an elasticsearch-extra folder alongside your elasticsearch
folder, you must temporarily rename it when you are testing 6.3 or later branches.

By default each `// CONSOLE` snippet runs as its own isolated test. You can
manipulate the test execution in the following ways:

* `// TEST`: Explicitly marks a snippet as a test. Snippets marked this way
are tests even if they don't have `// CONSOLE` but usually `// TEST` is used
for its modifiers:
  * `// TEST[s/foo/bar/]`: Replace `foo` with `bar` in the generated test. This
  should be used sparingly because it makes the snippet "lie". Sometimes,
  though, you can use it to make the snippet more clear. Keep in mind that
  if there are multiple substitutions then they are applied in the order that
  they are defined.
  * `// TEST[catch:foo]`: Used to expect errors in the requests. Replace `foo`
  with `request` to expect a 400 error, for example. If the snippet contains
  multiple requests then only the last request will expect the error.
  * `// TEST[continued]`: Continue the test started in the last snippet. Between
  tests the nodes are cleaned: indexes are removed, etc. This prevents that
  from happening between snippets because the two snippets are a single test.
  This is most useful when you have text and snippets that work together to
  tell the story of some use case because it merges the snippets (and thus the
  use case) into one big test.
      * You can't use `// TEST[continued]` immediately after `// TESTSETUP` or
      `// TEARDOWN`.
  * `// TEST[skip:reason]`: Skip this test. Replace `reason` with the actual
  reason to skip the test. Snippets without `// TEST` or `// CONSOLE` aren't
  considered tests anyway but this is useful for explicitly documenting the
  reason why the test shouldn't be run.
  * `// TEST[setup:name]`: Run some setup code before running the snippet. This
  is useful for creating and populating indexes used in the snippet. The setup
  code is defined in `docs/build.gradle`. See `// TESTSETUP` below for a
  similar feature.
  * `// TEST[warning:some warning]`: Expect the response to include a `Warning`
  header. If the response doesn't include a `Warning` header with the exact
  text then the test fails. If the response includes `Warning` headers that
  aren't expected then the test fails.
* `[source,console-result]`: Matches this snippet against the body of the
  response of the last test. If the response is JSON then order is ignored. If
  you add `// TEST[continued]` to the snippet after `[source,console-result]`
  it will continue in the same test, allowing you to interleave requests with
  responses to check.
* `// TESTRESPONSE`: Explicitly marks a snippet as a test response even without
  `[source,console-result]`. Similarly to `// TEST` this is mostly used for
  its modifiers.
  * You can't use `[source,console-result]` immediately after `// TESTSETUP`.
  Instead, consider using `// TEST[continued]` or rearrange your snippets.

  NOTE: Previously we only used `// TESTRESPONSE` instead of
  `[source,console-result]` so you'll see that a lot in older branches but we
  prefer `[source,console-result]` now.

  * `// TESTRESPONSE[s/foo/bar/]`: Substitutions. See `// TEST[s/foo/bar]` for
  how it works. These are much more common than `// TEST[s/foo/bar]` because
  they are useful for eliding portions of the response that are not pertinent
  to the documentation.
    * One interesting difference here is that you often want to match against
    the response from Elasticsearch. To do that you can reference the "body" of
    the response like this: `// TESTRESPONSE[s/"took": 25/"took": $body.took/]`.
    Note the `$body` string. This says "I don't expect that 25 number in the
    response, just match against what is in the response." Instead of writing
    the path into the response after `$body` you can write `$_path` which
    "figures out" the path. This is especially useful for making sweeping
    assertions like "I made up all the numbers in this example, don't compare
    them" which looks like `// TESTRESPONSE[s/\d+/$body.$_path/]`.
  * `// TESTRESPONSE[non_json]`: Add substitutions for testing responses in a
  format other than JSON. Use this after all other substitutions so it doesn't
  make other substitutions difficult.
  * `// TESTRESPONSE[skip:reason]`: Skip the assertions specified by this
  response.
* `// TESTSETUP`: Marks this snippet as the "setup" for all other snippets in
  this file. This is a somewhat natural way of structuring documentation. You
  say "this is the data we use to explain this feature" then you add the
  snippet that you mark `// TESTSETUP` and then every snippet will turn into
  a test that runs the setup snippet first. See the "painless" docs for a file
  that puts this to good use. This is fairly similar to `// TEST[setup:name]`
  but rather than the setup defined in `docs/build.gradle` the setup is defined
  right in the documentation file. In general, we should prefer `// TESTSETUP`
  over `// TEST[setup:name]` because it makes it more clear what steps have to
  be taken before the examples will work. Tip: `// TESTSETUP` can only be used
  on the first snippet of a document.
* `// TEARDOWN`: Ends and cleans up a test series started with `// TESTSETUP` or
  `// TEST[setup:name]`. You can use `// TEARDOWN` to set up multiple tests in
  the same file.
* `// NOTCONSOLE`: Marks this snippet as neither `// CONSOLE` nor
  `// TESTRESPONSE`, excluding it from the list of unconverted snippets. We
  should only use this for snippets that *are* JSON but are *not* responses or
  requests.

In addition to the standard CONSOLE syntax these snippets can contain blocks
of yaml surrounded by markers like this:

```
startyaml
  - compare_analyzers: {index: thai_example, first: thai, second: rebuilt_thai}
endyaml
```

This allows slightly more expressive testing of the snippets. Since that syntax
is not supported by `[source,console]` the usual way to incorporate it is with a
`// TEST[s//]` marker like this:

```
// TEST[s/\n$/\nstartyaml\n  - compare_analyzers: {index: thai_example, first: thai, second: rebuilt_thai}\nendyaml\n/]
```

Any place you can use json you can use elements like `$body.path.to.thing`
which is replaced on the fly with the contents of the thing at `path.to.thing`
in the last response.