flask/tests/test_basic.py

2027 lines
54 KiB
Python

import gc
import re
import time
import uuid
import weakref
from datetime import datetime
from platform import python_implementation
from threading import Thread
import pytest
import werkzeug.serving
from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
from werkzeug.exceptions import Forbidden
from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
from werkzeug.http import parse_date
from werkzeug.routing import BuildError
import flask
require_cpython_gc = pytest.mark.skipif(
python_implementation() != "CPython",
reason="Requires CPython GC behavior",
)
def test_options_work(app, client):
@app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def index():
return "Hello World"
rv = client.open("/", method="OPTIONS")
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "POST"]
assert rv.data == b""
def test_options_on_multiple_rules(app, client):
@app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def index():
return "Hello World"
@app.route("/", methods=["PUT"])
def index_put():
return "Aha!"
rv = client.open("/", method="OPTIONS")
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "POST", "PUT"]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["get", "post", "put", "delete", "patch"])
def test_method_route(app, client, method):
method_route = getattr(app, method)
client_method = getattr(client, method)
@method_route("/")
def hello():
return "Hello"
assert client_method("/").data == b"Hello"
def test_method_route_no_methods(app):
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
app.get("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def test_provide_automatic_options_attr():
app = flask.Flask(__name__)
def index():
return "Hello World!"
index.provide_automatic_options = False
app.route("/")(index)
rv = app.test_client().open("/", method="OPTIONS")
assert rv.status_code == 405
app = flask.Flask(__name__)
def index2():
return "Hello World!"
index2.provide_automatic_options = True
app.route("/", methods=["OPTIONS"])(index2)
rv = app.test_client().open("/", method="OPTIONS")
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["OPTIONS"]
def test_provide_automatic_options_kwarg(app, client):
def index():
return flask.request.method
def more():
return flask.request.method
app.add_url_rule("/", view_func=index, provide_automatic_options=False)
app.add_url_rule(
"/more",
view_func=more,
methods=["GET", "POST"],
provide_automatic_options=False,
)
assert client.get("/").data == b"GET"
rv = client.post("/")
assert rv.status_code == 405
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD"]
rv = client.open("/", method="OPTIONS")
assert rv.status_code == 405
rv = client.head("/")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert not rv.data # head truncates
assert client.post("/more").data == b"POST"
assert client.get("/more").data == b"GET"
rv = client.delete("/more")
assert rv.status_code == 405
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD", "POST"]
rv = client.open("/more", method="OPTIONS")
assert rv.status_code == 405
def test_request_dispatching(app, client):
@app.route("/")
def index():
return flask.request.method
@app.route("/more", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def more():
return flask.request.method
assert client.get("/").data == b"GET"
rv = client.post("/")
assert rv.status_code == 405
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"]
rv = client.head("/")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert not rv.data # head truncates
assert client.post("/more").data == b"POST"
assert client.get("/more").data == b"GET"
rv = client.delete("/more")
assert rv.status_code == 405
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "POST"]
def test_disallow_string_for_allowed_methods(app):
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
@app.route("/", methods="GET POST")
def index():
return "Hey"
def test_url_mapping(app, client):
random_uuid4 = "7eb41166-9ebf-4d26-b771-ea3f54f8b383"
def index():
return flask.request.method
def more():
return flask.request.method
def options():
return random_uuid4
app.add_url_rule("/", "index", index)
app.add_url_rule("/more", "more", more, methods=["GET", "POST"])
# Issue 1288: Test that automatic options are not added
# when non-uppercase 'options' in methods
app.add_url_rule("/options", "options", options, methods=["options"])
assert client.get("/").data == b"GET"
rv = client.post("/")
assert rv.status_code == 405
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"]
rv = client.head("/")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert not rv.data # head truncates
assert client.post("/more").data == b"POST"
assert client.get("/more").data == b"GET"
rv = client.delete("/more")
assert rv.status_code == 405
assert sorted(rv.allow) == ["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "POST"]
rv = client.open("/options", method="OPTIONS")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert random_uuid4 in rv.data.decode("utf-8")
def test_werkzeug_routing(app, client):
from werkzeug.routing import Submount, Rule
app.url_map.add(
Submount("/foo", [Rule("/bar", endpoint="bar"), Rule("/", endpoint="index")])
)
def bar():
return "bar"
def index():
return "index"
app.view_functions["bar"] = bar
app.view_functions["index"] = index
assert client.get("/foo/").data == b"index"
assert client.get("/foo/bar").data == b"bar"
def test_endpoint_decorator(app, client):
from werkzeug.routing import Submount, Rule
app.url_map.add(
Submount("/foo", [Rule("/bar", endpoint="bar"), Rule("/", endpoint="index")])
)
@app.endpoint("bar")
def bar():
return "bar"
@app.endpoint("index")
def index():
return "index"
assert client.get("/foo/").data == b"index"
assert client.get("/foo/bar").data == b"bar"
def test_session(app, client):
@app.route("/set", methods=["POST"])
def set():
assert not flask.session.accessed
assert not flask.session.modified
flask.session["value"] = flask.request.form["value"]
assert flask.session.accessed
assert flask.session.modified
return "value set"
@app.route("/get")
def get():
assert not flask.session.accessed
assert not flask.session.modified
v = flask.session.get("value", "None")
assert flask.session.accessed
assert not flask.session.modified
return v
assert client.post("/set", data={"value": "42"}).data == b"value set"
assert client.get("/get").data == b"42"
def test_session_using_server_name(app, client):
app.config.update(SERVER_NAME="example.com")
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "Hello World"
rv = client.get("/", "http://example.com/")
assert "domain=.example.com" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "httponly" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
def test_session_using_server_name_and_port(app, client):
app.config.update(SERVER_NAME="example.com:8080")
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "Hello World"
rv = client.get("/", "http://example.com:8080/")
assert "domain=.example.com" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "httponly" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
def test_session_using_server_name_port_and_path(app, client):
app.config.update(SERVER_NAME="example.com:8080", APPLICATION_ROOT="/foo")
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "Hello World"
rv = client.get("/", "http://example.com:8080/foo")
assert "domain=example.com" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "path=/foo" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "httponly" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
def test_session_using_application_root(app, client):
class PrefixPathMiddleware:
def __init__(self, app, prefix):
self.app = app
self.prefix = prefix
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
environ["SCRIPT_NAME"] = self.prefix
return self.app(environ, start_response)
app.wsgi_app = PrefixPathMiddleware(app.wsgi_app, "/bar")
app.config.update(APPLICATION_ROOT="/bar")
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "Hello World"
rv = client.get("/", "http://example.com:8080/")
assert "path=/bar" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
def test_session_using_session_settings(app, client):
app.config.update(
SERVER_NAME="www.example.com:8080",
APPLICATION_ROOT="/test",
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN=".example.com",
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY=False,
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE=True,
SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE="Lax",
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH="/",
)
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "Hello World"
rv = client.get("/", "http://www.example.com:8080/test/")
cookie = rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "domain=.example.com" in cookie
assert "path=/" in cookie
assert "secure" in cookie
assert "httponly" not in cookie
assert "samesite" in cookie
@app.route("/clear")
def clear():
flask.session.pop("testing", None)
return "Goodbye World"
rv = client.get("/clear", "http://www.example.com:8080/test/")
cookie = rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "session=;" in cookie
assert "domain=.example.com" in cookie
assert "path=/" in cookie
assert "secure" in cookie
assert "samesite" in cookie
def test_session_using_samesite_attribute(app, client):
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "Hello World"
app.config.update(SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE="invalid")
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
client.get("/")
app.config.update(SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE=None)
rv = client.get("/")
cookie = rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "samesite" not in cookie
app.config.update(SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE="Strict")
rv = client.get("/")
cookie = rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "samesite=strict" in cookie
app.config.update(SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE="Lax")
rv = client.get("/")
cookie = rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
assert "samesite=lax" in cookie
def test_session_localhost_warning(recwarn, app, client):
app.config.update(SERVER_NAME="localhost:5000")
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "testing"
rv = client.get("/", "http://localhost:5000/")
assert "domain" not in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
w = recwarn.pop(UserWarning)
assert "'localhost' is not a valid cookie domain" in str(w.message)
def test_session_ip_warning(recwarn, app, client):
app.config.update(SERVER_NAME="127.0.0.1:5000")
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["testing"] = 42
return "testing"
rv = client.get("/", "http://127.0.0.1:5000/")
assert "domain=127.0.0.1" in rv.headers["set-cookie"].lower()
w = recwarn.pop(UserWarning)
assert "cookie domain is an IP" in str(w.message)
def test_missing_session(app):
app.secret_key = None
def expect_exception(f, *args, **kwargs):
e = pytest.raises(RuntimeError, f, *args, **kwargs)
assert e.value.args and "session is unavailable" in e.value.args[0]
with app.test_request_context():
assert flask.session.get("missing_key") is None
expect_exception(flask.session.__setitem__, "foo", 42)
expect_exception(flask.session.pop, "foo")
def test_session_expiration(app, client):
permanent = True
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.session["test"] = 42
flask.session.permanent = permanent
return ""
@app.route("/test")
def test():
return str(flask.session.permanent)
rv = client.get("/")
assert "set-cookie" in rv.headers
match = re.search(r"(?i)\bexpires=([^;]+)", rv.headers["set-cookie"])
expires = parse_date(match.group())
expected = datetime.utcnow() + app.permanent_session_lifetime
assert expires.year == expected.year
assert expires.month == expected.month
assert expires.day == expected.day
rv = client.get("/test")
assert rv.data == b"True"
permanent = False
rv = client.get("/")
assert "set-cookie" in rv.headers
match = re.search(r"\bexpires=([^;]+)", rv.headers["set-cookie"])
assert match is None
def test_session_stored_last(app, client):
@app.after_request
def modify_session(response):
flask.session["foo"] = 42
return response
@app.route("/")
def dump_session_contents():
return repr(flask.session.get("foo"))
assert client.get("/").data == b"None"
assert client.get("/").data == b"42"
def test_session_special_types(app, client):
now = datetime.utcnow().replace(microsecond=0)
the_uuid = uuid.uuid4()
@app.route("/")
def dump_session_contents():
flask.session["t"] = (1, 2, 3)
flask.session["b"] = b"\xff"
flask.session["m"] = flask.Markup("<html>")
flask.session["u"] = the_uuid
flask.session["d"] = now
flask.session["t_tag"] = {" t": "not-a-tuple"}
flask.session["di_t_tag"] = {" t__": "not-a-tuple"}
flask.session["di_tag"] = {" di": "not-a-dict"}
return "", 204
with client:
client.get("/")
s = flask.session
assert s["t"] == (1, 2, 3)
assert type(s["b"]) == bytes
assert s["b"] == b"\xff"
assert type(s["m"]) == flask.Markup
assert s["m"] == flask.Markup("<html>")
assert s["u"] == the_uuid
assert s["d"] == now
assert s["t_tag"] == {" t": "not-a-tuple"}
assert s["di_t_tag"] == {" t__": "not-a-tuple"}
assert s["di_tag"] == {" di": "not-a-dict"}
def test_session_cookie_setting(app):
is_permanent = True
@app.route("/bump")
def bump():
rv = flask.session["foo"] = flask.session.get("foo", 0) + 1
flask.session.permanent = is_permanent
return str(rv)
@app.route("/read")
def read():
return str(flask.session.get("foo", 0))
def run_test(expect_header):
with app.test_client() as c:
assert c.get("/bump").data == b"1"
assert c.get("/bump").data == b"2"
assert c.get("/bump").data == b"3"
rv = c.get("/read")
set_cookie = rv.headers.get("set-cookie")
assert (set_cookie is not None) == expect_header
assert rv.data == b"3"
is_permanent = True
app.config["SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"] = True
run_test(expect_header=True)
is_permanent = True
app.config["SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"] = False
run_test(expect_header=False)
is_permanent = False
app.config["SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"] = True
run_test(expect_header=False)
is_permanent = False
app.config["SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"] = False
run_test(expect_header=False)
def test_session_vary_cookie(app, client):
@app.route("/set")
def set_session():
flask.session["test"] = "test"
return ""
@app.route("/get")
def get():
return flask.session.get("test")
@app.route("/getitem")
def getitem():
return flask.session["test"]
@app.route("/setdefault")
def setdefault():
return flask.session.setdefault("test", "default")
@app.route("/vary-cookie-header-set")
def vary_cookie_header_set():
response = flask.Response()
response.vary.add("Cookie")
flask.session["test"] = "test"
return response
@app.route("/vary-header-set")
def vary_header_set():
response = flask.Response()
response.vary.update(("Accept-Encoding", "Accept-Language"))
flask.session["test"] = "test"
return response
@app.route("/no-vary-header")
def no_vary_header():
return ""
def expect(path, header_value="Cookie"):
rv = client.get(path)
if header_value:
# The 'Vary' key should exist in the headers only once.
assert len(rv.headers.get_all("Vary")) == 1
assert rv.headers["Vary"] == header_value
else:
assert "Vary" not in rv.headers
expect("/set")
expect("/get")
expect("/getitem")
expect("/setdefault")
expect("/vary-cookie-header-set")
expect("/vary-header-set", "Accept-Encoding, Accept-Language, Cookie")
expect("/no-vary-header", None)
def test_flashes(app, req_ctx):
assert not flask.session.modified
flask.flash("Zap")
flask.session.modified = False
flask.flash("Zip")
assert flask.session.modified
assert list(flask.get_flashed_messages()) == ["Zap", "Zip"]
def test_extended_flashing(app):
# Be sure app.testing=True below, else tests can fail silently.
#
# Specifically, if app.testing is not set to True, the AssertionErrors
# in the view functions will cause a 500 response to the test client
# instead of propagating exceptions.
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.flash("Hello World")
flask.flash("Hello World", "error")
flask.flash(flask.Markup("<em>Testing</em>"), "warning")
return ""
@app.route("/test/")
def test():
messages = flask.get_flashed_messages()
assert list(messages) == [
"Hello World",
"Hello World",
flask.Markup("<em>Testing</em>"),
]
return ""
@app.route("/test_with_categories/")
def test_with_categories():
messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True)
assert len(messages) == 3
assert list(messages) == [
("message", "Hello World"),
("error", "Hello World"),
("warning", flask.Markup("<em>Testing</em>")),
]
return ""
@app.route("/test_filter/")
def test_filter():
messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(
category_filter=["message"], with_categories=True
)
assert list(messages) == [("message", "Hello World")]
return ""
@app.route("/test_filters/")
def test_filters():
messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(
category_filter=["message", "warning"], with_categories=True
)
assert list(messages) == [
("message", "Hello World"),
("warning", flask.Markup("<em>Testing</em>")),
]
return ""
@app.route("/test_filters_without_returning_categories/")
def test_filters2():
messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(category_filter=["message", "warning"])
assert len(messages) == 2
assert messages[0] == "Hello World"
assert messages[1] == flask.Markup("<em>Testing</em>")
return ""
# Create new test client on each test to clean flashed messages.
client = app.test_client()
client.get("/")
client.get("/test_with_categories/")
client = app.test_client()
client.get("/")
client.get("/test_filter/")
client = app.test_client()
client.get("/")
client.get("/test_filters/")
client = app.test_client()
client.get("/")
client.get("/test_filters_without_returning_categories/")
def test_request_processing(app, client):
evts = []
@app.before_request
def before_request():
evts.append("before")
@app.after_request
def after_request(response):
response.data += b"|after"
evts.append("after")
return response
@app.route("/")
def index():
assert "before" in evts
assert "after" not in evts
return "request"
assert "after" not in evts
rv = client.get("/").data
assert "after" in evts
assert rv == b"request|after"
def test_request_preprocessing_early_return(app, client):
evts = []
@app.before_request
def before_request1():
evts.append(1)
@app.before_request
def before_request2():
evts.append(2)
return "hello"
@app.before_request
def before_request3():
evts.append(3)
return "bye"
@app.route("/")
def index():
evts.append("index")
return "damnit"
rv = client.get("/").data.strip()
assert rv == b"hello"
assert evts == [1, 2]
def test_after_request_processing(app, client):
@app.route("/")
def index():
@flask.after_this_request
def foo(response):
response.headers["X-Foo"] = "a header"
return response
return "Test"
resp = client.get("/")
assert resp.status_code == 200
assert resp.headers["X-Foo"] == "a header"
def test_teardown_request_handler(app, client):
called = []
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request(exc):
called.append(True)
return "Ignored"
@app.route("/")
def root():
return "Response"
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert b"Response" in rv.data
assert len(called) == 1
def test_teardown_request_handler_debug_mode(app, client):
called = []
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request(exc):
called.append(True)
return "Ignored"
@app.route("/")
def root():
return "Response"
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert b"Response" in rv.data
assert len(called) == 1
def test_teardown_request_handler_error(app, client):
called = []
app.testing = False
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request1(exc):
assert type(exc) == ZeroDivisionError
called.append(True)
# This raises a new error and blows away sys.exc_info(), so we can
# test that all teardown_requests get passed the same original
# exception.
try:
raise TypeError()
except Exception:
pass
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_request2(exc):
assert type(exc) == ZeroDivisionError
called.append(True)
# This raises a new error and blows away sys.exc_info(), so we can
# test that all teardown_requests get passed the same original
# exception.
try:
raise TypeError()
except Exception:
pass
@app.route("/")
def fails():
1 // 0
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.status_code == 500
assert b"Internal Server Error" in rv.data
assert len(called) == 2
def test_before_after_request_order(app, client):
called = []
@app.before_request
def before1():
called.append(1)
@app.before_request
def before2():
called.append(2)
@app.after_request
def after1(response):
called.append(4)
return response
@app.after_request
def after2(response):
called.append(3)
return response
@app.teardown_request
def finish1(exc):
called.append(6)
@app.teardown_request
def finish2(exc):
called.append(5)
@app.route("/")
def index():
return "42"
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.data == b"42"
assert called == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
def test_error_handling(app, client):
app.testing = False
@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(e):
return "not found", 404
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_server_error(e):
return "internal server error", 500
@app.errorhandler(Forbidden)
def forbidden(e):
return "forbidden", 403
@app.route("/")
def index():
flask.abort(404)
@app.route("/error")
def error():
1 // 0
@app.route("/forbidden")
def error2():
flask.abort(403)
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.status_code == 404
assert rv.data == b"not found"
rv = client.get("/error")
assert rv.status_code == 500
assert b"internal server error" == rv.data
rv = client.get("/forbidden")
assert rv.status_code == 403
assert b"forbidden" == rv.data
def test_error_handler_unknown_code(app):
with pytest.raises(KeyError) as exc_info:
app.register_error_handler(999, lambda e: ("999", 999))
assert "Use a subclass" in exc_info.value.args[0]
def test_error_handling_processing(app, client):
app.testing = False
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_server_error(e):
return "internal server error", 500
@app.route("/")
def broken_func():
1 // 0
@app.after_request
def after_request(resp):
resp.mimetype = "text/x-special"
return resp
resp = client.get("/")
assert resp.mimetype == "text/x-special"
assert resp.data == b"internal server error"
def test_baseexception_error_handling(app, client):
app.testing = False
@app.route("/")
def broken_func():
raise KeyboardInterrupt()
with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
client.get("/")
ctx = flask._request_ctx_stack.top
assert ctx.preserved
assert type(ctx._preserved_exc) is KeyboardInterrupt
def test_before_request_and_routing_errors(app, client):
@app.before_request
def attach_something():
flask.g.something = "value"
@app.errorhandler(404)
def return_something(error):
return flask.g.something, 404
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.status_code == 404
assert rv.data == b"value"
def test_user_error_handling(app, client):
class MyException(Exception):
pass
@app.errorhandler(MyException)
def handle_my_exception(e):
assert isinstance(e, MyException)
return "42"
@app.route("/")
def index():
raise MyException()
assert client.get("/").data == b"42"
def test_http_error_subclass_handling(app, client):
class ForbiddenSubclass(Forbidden):
pass
@app.errorhandler(ForbiddenSubclass)
def handle_forbidden_subclass(e):
assert isinstance(e, ForbiddenSubclass)
return "banana"
@app.errorhandler(403)
def handle_403(e):
assert not isinstance(e, ForbiddenSubclass)
assert isinstance(e, Forbidden)
return "apple"
@app.route("/1")
def index1():
raise ForbiddenSubclass()
@app.route("/2")
def index2():
flask.abort(403)
@app.route("/3")
def index3():
raise Forbidden()
assert client.get("/1").data == b"banana"
assert client.get("/2").data == b"apple"
assert client.get("/3").data == b"apple"
def test_errorhandler_precedence(app, client):
class E1(Exception):
pass
class E2(Exception):
pass
class E3(E1, E2):
pass
@app.errorhandler(E2)
def handle_e2(e):
return "E2"
@app.errorhandler(Exception)
def handle_exception(e):
return "Exception"
@app.route("/E1")
def raise_e1():
raise E1
@app.route("/E3")
def raise_e3():
raise E3
rv = client.get("/E1")
assert rv.data == b"Exception"
rv = client.get("/E3")
assert rv.data == b"E2"
def test_trapping_of_bad_request_key_errors(app, client):
@app.route("/key")
def fail():
flask.request.form["missing_key"]
@app.route("/abort")
def allow_abort():
flask.abort(400)
rv = client.get("/key")
assert rv.status_code == 400
assert b"missing_key" not in rv.data
rv = client.get("/abort")
assert rv.status_code == 400
app.debug = True
with pytest.raises(KeyError) as e:
client.get("/key")
assert e.errisinstance(BadRequest)
assert "missing_key" in e.value.get_description()
rv = client.get("/abort")
assert rv.status_code == 400
app.debug = False
app.config["TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS"] = True
with pytest.raises(KeyError):
client.get("/key")
with pytest.raises(BadRequest):
client.get("/abort")
def test_trapping_of_all_http_exceptions(app, client):
app.config["TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS"] = True
@app.route("/fail")
def fail():
flask.abort(404)
with pytest.raises(NotFound):
client.get("/fail")
def test_error_handler_after_processor_error(app, client):
app.testing = False
@app.before_request
def before_request():
if _trigger == "before":
1 // 0
@app.after_request
def after_request(response):
if _trigger == "after":
1 // 0
return response
@app.route("/")
def index():
return "Foo"
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_server_error(e):
return "Hello Server Error", 500
for _trigger in "before", "after":
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.status_code == 500
assert rv.data == b"Hello Server Error"
def test_enctype_debug_helper(app, client):
from flask.debughelpers import DebugFilesKeyError
app.debug = True
@app.route("/fail", methods=["POST"])
def index():
return flask.request.files["foo"].filename
# with statement is important because we leave an exception on the
# stack otherwise and we want to ensure that this is not the case
# to not negatively affect other tests.
with client:
with pytest.raises(DebugFilesKeyError) as e:
client.post("/fail", data={"foo": "index.txt"})
assert "no file contents were transmitted" in str(e.value)
assert "This was submitted: 'index.txt'" in str(e.value)
def test_response_types(app, client):
@app.route("/text")
def from_text():
return "Hällo Wörld"
@app.route("/bytes")
def from_bytes():
return "Hällo Wörld".encode()
@app.route("/full_tuple")
def from_full_tuple():
return (
"Meh",
400,
{"X-Foo": "Testing", "Content-Type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8"},
)
@app.route("/text_headers")
def from_text_headers():
return "Hello", {"X-Foo": "Test", "Content-Type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8"}
@app.route("/text_status")
def from_text_status():
return "Hi, status!", 400
@app.route("/response_headers")
def from_response_headers():
return (
flask.Response(
"Hello world", 404, {"Content-Type": "text/html", "X-Foo": "Baz"}
),
{"Content-Type": "text/plain", "X-Foo": "Bar", "X-Bar": "Foo"},
)
@app.route("/response_status")
def from_response_status():
return app.response_class("Hello world", 400), 500
@app.route("/wsgi")
def from_wsgi():
return NotFound()
@app.route("/dict")
def from_dict():
return {"foo": "bar"}, 201
assert client.get("/text").data == "Hällo Wörld".encode()
assert client.get("/bytes").data == "Hällo Wörld".encode()
rv = client.get("/full_tuple")
assert rv.data == b"Meh"
assert rv.headers["X-Foo"] == "Testing"
assert rv.status_code == 400
assert rv.mimetype == "text/plain"
rv = client.get("/text_headers")
assert rv.data == b"Hello"
assert rv.headers["X-Foo"] == "Test"
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert rv.mimetype == "text/plain"
rv = client.get("/text_status")
assert rv.data == b"Hi, status!"
assert rv.status_code == 400
assert rv.mimetype == "text/html"
rv = client.get("/response_headers")
assert rv.data == b"Hello world"
assert rv.content_type == "text/plain"
assert rv.headers.getlist("X-Foo") == ["Bar"]
assert rv.headers["X-Bar"] == "Foo"
assert rv.status_code == 404
rv = client.get("/response_status")
assert rv.data == b"Hello world"
assert rv.status_code == 500
rv = client.get("/wsgi")
assert b"Not Found" in rv.data
assert rv.status_code == 404
rv = client.get("/dict")
assert rv.json == {"foo": "bar"}
assert rv.status_code == 201
def test_response_type_errors():
app = flask.Flask(__name__)
app.testing = True
@app.route("/none")
def from_none():
pass
@app.route("/small_tuple")
def from_small_tuple():
return ("Hello",)
@app.route("/large_tuple")
def from_large_tuple():
return "Hello", 234, {"X-Foo": "Bar"}, "???"
@app.route("/bad_type")
def from_bad_type():
return True
@app.route("/bad_wsgi")
def from_bad_wsgi():
return lambda: None
c = app.test_client()
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
c.get("/none")
assert "returned None" in str(e.value)
assert "from_none" in str(e.value)
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
c.get("/small_tuple")
assert "tuple must have the form" in str(e.value)
pytest.raises(TypeError, c.get, "/large_tuple")
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
c.get("/bad_type")
assert "it was a bool" in str(e.value)
pytest.raises(TypeError, c.get, "/bad_wsgi")
def test_make_response(app, req_ctx):
rv = flask.make_response()
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert rv.data == b""
assert rv.mimetype == "text/html"
rv = flask.make_response("Awesome")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert rv.data == b"Awesome"
assert rv.mimetype == "text/html"
rv = flask.make_response("W00t", 404)
assert rv.status_code == 404
assert rv.data == b"W00t"
assert rv.mimetype == "text/html"
def test_make_response_with_response_instance(app, req_ctx):
rv = flask.make_response(flask.jsonify({"msg": "W00t"}), 400)
assert rv.status_code == 400
assert rv.data == b'{"msg":"W00t"}\n'
assert rv.mimetype == "application/json"
rv = flask.make_response(flask.Response(""), 400)
assert rv.status_code == 400
assert rv.data == b""
assert rv.mimetype == "text/html"
rv = flask.make_response(
flask.Response("", headers={"Content-Type": "text/html"}),
400,
[("X-Foo", "bar")],
)
assert rv.status_code == 400
assert rv.headers["Content-Type"] == "text/html"
assert rv.headers["X-Foo"] == "bar"
def test_jsonify_no_prettyprint(app, req_ctx):
app.config.update({"JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR": False})
compressed_msg = b'{"msg":{"submsg":"W00t"},"msg2":"foobar"}\n'
uncompressed_msg = {"msg": {"submsg": "W00t"}, "msg2": "foobar"}
rv = flask.make_response(flask.jsonify(uncompressed_msg), 200)
assert rv.data == compressed_msg
def test_jsonify_prettyprint(app, req_ctx):
app.config.update({"JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR": True})
compressed_msg = {"msg": {"submsg": "W00t"}, "msg2": "foobar"}
pretty_response = (
b'{\n "msg": {\n "submsg": "W00t"\n }, \n "msg2": "foobar"\n}\n'
)
rv = flask.make_response(flask.jsonify(compressed_msg), 200)
assert rv.data == pretty_response
def test_jsonify_mimetype(app, req_ctx):
app.config.update({"JSONIFY_MIMETYPE": "application/vnd.api+json"})
msg = {"msg": {"submsg": "W00t"}}
rv = flask.make_response(flask.jsonify(msg), 200)
assert rv.mimetype == "application/vnd.api+json"
def test_json_dump_dataclass(app, req_ctx):
from dataclasses import make_dataclass
Data = make_dataclass("Data", [("name", str)])
value = flask.json.dumps(Data("Flask"), app=app)
value = flask.json.loads(value, app=app)
assert value == {"name": "Flask"}
def test_jsonify_args_and_kwargs_check(app, req_ctx):
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
flask.jsonify("fake args", kwargs="fake")
assert "behavior undefined" in str(e.value)
def test_url_generation(app, req_ctx):
@app.route("/hello/<name>", methods=["POST"])
def hello():
pass
assert flask.url_for("hello", name="test x") == "/hello/test%20x"
assert (
flask.url_for("hello", name="test x", _external=True)
== "http://localhost/hello/test%20x"
)
def test_build_error_handler(app):
# Test base case, a URL which results in a BuildError.
with app.test_request_context():
pytest.raises(BuildError, flask.url_for, "spam")
# Verify the error is re-raised if not the current exception.
try:
with app.test_request_context():
flask.url_for("spam")
except BuildError as err:
error = err
try:
raise RuntimeError("Test case where BuildError is not current.")
except RuntimeError:
pytest.raises(BuildError, app.handle_url_build_error, error, "spam", {})
# Test a custom handler.
def handler(error, endpoint, values):
# Just a test.
return "/test_handler/"
app.url_build_error_handlers.append(handler)
with app.test_request_context():
assert flask.url_for("spam") == "/test_handler/"
def test_build_error_handler_reraise(app):
# Test a custom handler which reraises the BuildError
def handler_raises_build_error(error, endpoint, values):
raise error
app.url_build_error_handlers.append(handler_raises_build_error)
with app.test_request_context():
pytest.raises(BuildError, flask.url_for, "not.existing")
def test_url_for_passes_special_values_to_build_error_handler(app):
@app.url_build_error_handlers.append
def handler(error, endpoint, values):
assert values == {
"_external": False,
"_anchor": None,
"_method": None,
"_scheme": None,
}
return "handled"
with app.test_request_context():
flask.url_for("/")
def test_static_files(app, client):
rv = client.get("/static/index.html")
assert rv.status_code == 200
assert rv.data.strip() == b"<h1>Hello World!</h1>"
with app.test_request_context():
assert flask.url_for("static", filename="index.html") == "/static/index.html"
rv.close()
def test_static_url_path():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/foo")
app.testing = True
rv = app.test_client().get("/foo/index.html")
assert rv.status_code == 200
rv.close()
with app.test_request_context():
assert flask.url_for("static", filename="index.html") == "/foo/index.html"
def test_static_url_path_with_ending_slash():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/foo/")
app.testing = True
rv = app.test_client().get("/foo/index.html")
assert rv.status_code == 200
rv.close()
with app.test_request_context():
assert flask.url_for("static", filename="index.html") == "/foo/index.html"
def test_static_url_empty_path(app):
app = flask.Flask(__name__, static_folder="", static_url_path="")
rv = app.test_client().open("/static/index.html", method="GET")
assert rv.status_code == 200
rv.close()
def test_static_url_empty_path_default(app):
app = flask.Flask(__name__, static_folder="")
rv = app.test_client().open("/static/index.html", method="GET")
assert rv.status_code == 200
rv.close()
def test_static_folder_with_pathlib_path(app):
from pathlib import Path
app = flask.Flask(__name__, static_folder=Path("static"))
rv = app.test_client().open("/static/index.html", method="GET")
assert rv.status_code == 200
rv.close()
def test_static_folder_with_ending_slash():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, static_folder="static/")
@app.route("/<path:path>")
def catch_all(path):
return path
rv = app.test_client().get("/catch/all")
assert rv.data == b"catch/all"
def test_static_route_with_host_matching():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, host_matching=True, static_host="example.com")
c = app.test_client()
rv = c.get("http://example.com/static/index.html")
assert rv.status_code == 200
rv.close()
with app.test_request_context():
rv = flask.url_for("static", filename="index.html", _external=True)
assert rv == "http://example.com/static/index.html"
# Providing static_host without host_matching=True should error.
with pytest.raises(Exception):
flask.Flask(__name__, static_host="example.com")
# Providing host_matching=True with static_folder
# but without static_host should error.
with pytest.raises(Exception):
flask.Flask(__name__, host_matching=True)
# Providing host_matching=True without static_host
# but with static_folder=None should not error.
flask.Flask(__name__, host_matching=True, static_folder=None)
def test_request_locals():
assert repr(flask.g) == "<LocalProxy unbound>"
assert not flask.g
def test_server_name_subdomain():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, subdomain_matching=True)
client = app.test_client()
@app.route("/")
def index():
return "default"
@app.route("/", subdomain="foo")
def subdomain():
return "subdomain"
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "dev.local:5000"
rv = client.get("/")
assert rv.data == b"default"
rv = client.get("/", "http://dev.local:5000")
assert rv.data == b"default"
rv = client.get("/", "https://dev.local:5000")
assert rv.data == b"default"
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "dev.local:443"
rv = client.get("/", "https://dev.local")
# Werkzeug 1.0 fixes matching https scheme with 443 port
if rv.status_code != 404:
assert rv.data == b"default"
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "dev.local"
rv = client.get("/", "https://dev.local")
assert rv.data == b"default"
# suppress Werkzeug 1.0 warning about name mismatch
with pytest.warns(None):
rv = client.get("/", "http://foo.localhost")
assert rv.status_code == 404
rv = client.get("/", "http://foo.dev.local")
assert rv.data == b"subdomain"
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::pytest.PytestUnraisableExceptionWarning")
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::pytest.PytestUnhandledThreadExceptionWarning")
def test_exception_propagation(app, client):
def apprunner(config_key):
@app.route("/")
def index():
1 // 0
if config_key is not None:
app.config[config_key] = True
with pytest.raises(Exception):
client.get("/")
else:
assert client.get("/").status_code == 500
# we have to run this test in an isolated thread because if the
# debug flag is set to true and an exception happens the context is
# not torn down. This causes other tests that run after this fail
# when they expect no exception on the stack.
for config_key in "TESTING", "PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS", "DEBUG", None:
t = Thread(target=apprunner, args=(config_key,))
t.start()
t.join()
@pytest.mark.parametrize("debug", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_debugger", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_reloader", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("propagate_exceptions", [None, True, False])
def test_werkzeug_passthrough_errors(
monkeypatch, debug, use_debugger, use_reloader, propagate_exceptions, app
):
rv = {}
# Mocks werkzeug.serving.run_simple method
def run_simple_mock(*args, **kwargs):
rv["passthrough_errors"] = kwargs.get("passthrough_errors")
monkeypatch.setattr(werkzeug.serving, "run_simple", run_simple_mock)
app.config["PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS"] = propagate_exceptions
app.run(debug=debug, use_debugger=use_debugger, use_reloader=use_reloader)
def test_max_content_length(app, client):
app.config["MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH"] = 64
@app.before_request
def always_first():
flask.request.form["myfile"]
AssertionError()
@app.route("/accept", methods=["POST"])
def accept_file():
flask.request.form["myfile"]
AssertionError()
@app.errorhandler(413)
def catcher(error):
return "42"
rv = client.post("/accept", data={"myfile": "foo" * 100})
assert rv.data == b"42"
def test_url_processors(app, client):
@app.url_defaults
def add_language_code(endpoint, values):
if flask.g.lang_code is not None and app.url_map.is_endpoint_expecting(
endpoint, "lang_code"
):
values.setdefault("lang_code", flask.g.lang_code)
@app.url_value_preprocessor
def pull_lang_code(endpoint, values):
flask.g.lang_code = values.pop("lang_code", None)
@app.route("/<lang_code>/")
def index():
return flask.url_for("about")
@app.route("/<lang_code>/about")
def about():
return flask.url_for("something_else")
@app.route("/foo")
def something_else():
return flask.url_for("about", lang_code="en")
assert client.get("/de/").data == b"/de/about"
assert client.get("/de/about").data == b"/foo"
assert client.get("/foo").data == b"/en/about"
def test_inject_blueprint_url_defaults(app):
bp = flask.Blueprint("foo", __name__, template_folder="template")
@bp.url_defaults
def bp_defaults(endpoint, values):
values["page"] = "login"
@bp.route("/<page>")
def view(page):
pass
app.register_blueprint(bp)
values = dict()
app.inject_url_defaults("foo.view", values)
expected = dict(page="login")
assert values == expected
with app.test_request_context("/somepage"):
url = flask.url_for("foo.view")
expected = "/login"
assert url == expected
def test_nonascii_pathinfo(app, client):
@app.route("/киртест")
def index():
return "Hello World!"
rv = client.get("/киртест")
assert rv.data == b"Hello World!"
def test_debug_mode_complains_after_first_request(app, client):
app.debug = True
@app.route("/")
def index():
return "Awesome"
assert not app.got_first_request
assert client.get("/").data == b"Awesome"
with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as e:
@app.route("/foo")
def broken():
return "Meh"
assert "A setup function was called" in str(e.value)
app.debug = False
@app.route("/foo")
def working():
return "Meh"
assert client.get("/foo").data == b"Meh"
assert app.got_first_request
def test_before_first_request_functions(app, client):
got = []
@app.before_first_request
def foo():
got.append(42)
client.get("/")
assert got == [42]
client.get("/")
assert got == [42]
assert app.got_first_request
def test_before_first_request_functions_concurrent(app, client):
got = []
@app.before_first_request
def foo():
time.sleep(0.2)
got.append(42)
def get_and_assert():
client.get("/")
assert got == [42]
t = Thread(target=get_and_assert)
t.start()
get_and_assert()
t.join()
assert app.got_first_request
def test_routing_redirect_debugging(app, client):
app.debug = True
@app.route("/foo/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def foo():
return "success"
with client:
with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as e:
client.post("/foo", data={})
assert "http://localhost/foo/" in str(e.value)
assert "Make sure to directly send your POST-request to this URL" in str(
e.value
)
rv = client.get("/foo", data={}, follow_redirects=True)
assert rv.data == b"success"
app.debug = False
with client:
rv = client.post("/foo", data={}, follow_redirects=True)
assert rv.data == b"success"
def test_route_decorator_custom_endpoint(app, client):
app.debug = True
@app.route("/foo/")
def foo():
return flask.request.endpoint
@app.route("/bar/", endpoint="bar")
def for_bar():
return flask.request.endpoint
@app.route("/bar/123", endpoint="123")
def for_bar_foo():
return flask.request.endpoint
with app.test_request_context():
assert flask.url_for("foo") == "/foo/"
assert flask.url_for("bar") == "/bar/"
assert flask.url_for("123") == "/bar/123"
assert client.get("/foo/").data == b"foo"
assert client.get("/bar/").data == b"bar"
assert client.get("/bar/123").data == b"123"
def test_preserve_only_once(app, client):
app.debug = True
@app.route("/fail")
def fail_func():
1 // 0
for _x in range(3):
with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
client.get("/fail")
assert flask._request_ctx_stack.top is not None
assert flask._app_ctx_stack.top is not None
# implicit appctx disappears too
flask._request_ctx_stack.top.pop()
assert flask._request_ctx_stack.top is None
assert flask._app_ctx_stack.top is None
def test_preserve_remembers_exception(app, client):
app.debug = True
errors = []
@app.route("/fail")
def fail_func():
1 // 0
@app.route("/success")
def success_func():
return "Okay"
@app.teardown_request
def teardown_handler(exc):
errors.append(exc)
# After this failure we did not yet call the teardown handler
with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
client.get("/fail")
assert errors == []
# But this request triggers it, and it's an error
client.get("/success")
assert len(errors) == 2
assert isinstance(errors[0], ZeroDivisionError)
# At this point another request does nothing.
client.get("/success")
assert len(errors) == 3
assert errors[1] is None
def test_get_method_on_g(app_ctx):
assert flask.g.get("x") is None
assert flask.g.get("x", 11) == 11
flask.g.x = 42
assert flask.g.get("x") == 42
assert flask.g.x == 42
def test_g_iteration_protocol(app_ctx):
flask.g.foo = 23
flask.g.bar = 42
assert "foo" in flask.g
assert "foos" not in flask.g
assert sorted(flask.g) == ["bar", "foo"]
def test_subdomain_basic_support():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, subdomain_matching=True)
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "localhost.localdomain"
client = app.test_client()
@app.route("/")
def normal_index():
return "normal index"
@app.route("/", subdomain="test")
def test_index():
return "test index"
rv = client.get("/", "http://localhost.localdomain/")
assert rv.data == b"normal index"
rv = client.get("/", "http://test.localhost.localdomain/")
assert rv.data == b"test index"
def test_subdomain_matching():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, subdomain_matching=True)
client = app.test_client()
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "localhost.localdomain"
@app.route("/", subdomain="<user>")
def index(user):
return f"index for {user}"
rv = client.get("/", "http://mitsuhiko.localhost.localdomain/")
assert rv.data == b"index for mitsuhiko"
def test_subdomain_matching_with_ports():
app = flask.Flask(__name__, subdomain_matching=True)
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "localhost.localdomain:3000"
client = app.test_client()
@app.route("/", subdomain="<user>")
def index(user):
return f"index for {user}"
rv = client.get("/", "http://mitsuhiko.localhost.localdomain:3000/")
assert rv.data == b"index for mitsuhiko"
@pytest.mark.parametrize("matching", (False, True))
def test_subdomain_matching_other_name(matching):
app = flask.Flask(__name__, subdomain_matching=matching)
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "localhost.localdomain:3000"
client = app.test_client()
@app.route("/")
def index():
return "", 204
# suppress Werkzeug 0.15 warning about name mismatch
with pytest.warns(None):
# ip address can't match name
rv = client.get("/", "http://127.0.0.1:3000/")
assert rv.status_code == 404 if matching else 204
# allow all subdomains if matching is disabled
rv = client.get("/", "http://www.localhost.localdomain:3000/")
assert rv.status_code == 404 if matching else 204
def test_multi_route_rules(app, client):
@app.route("/")
@app.route("/<test>/")
def index(test="a"):
return test
rv = client.open("/")
assert rv.data == b"a"
rv = client.open("/b/")
assert rv.data == b"b"
def test_multi_route_class_views(app, client):
class View:
def __init__(self, app):
app.add_url_rule("/", "index", self.index)
app.add_url_rule("/<test>/", "index", self.index)
def index(self, test="a"):
return test
_ = View(app)
rv = client.open("/")
assert rv.data == b"a"
rv = client.open("/b/")
assert rv.data == b"b"
def test_run_defaults(monkeypatch, app):
rv = {}
# Mocks werkzeug.serving.run_simple method
def run_simple_mock(*args, **kwargs):
rv["result"] = "running..."
monkeypatch.setattr(werkzeug.serving, "run_simple", run_simple_mock)
app.run()
assert rv["result"] == "running..."
def test_run_server_port(monkeypatch, app):
rv = {}
# Mocks werkzeug.serving.run_simple method
def run_simple_mock(hostname, port, application, *args, **kwargs):
rv["result"] = f"running on {hostname}:{port} ..."
monkeypatch.setattr(werkzeug.serving, "run_simple", run_simple_mock)
hostname, port = "localhost", 8000
app.run(hostname, port, debug=True)
assert rv["result"] == f"running on {hostname}:{port} ..."
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"host,port,server_name,expect_host,expect_port",
(
(None, None, "pocoo.org:8080", "pocoo.org", 8080),
("localhost", None, "pocoo.org:8080", "localhost", 8080),
(None, 80, "pocoo.org:8080", "pocoo.org", 80),
("localhost", 80, "pocoo.org:8080", "localhost", 80),
("localhost", 0, "localhost:8080", "localhost", 0),
(None, None, "localhost:8080", "localhost", 8080),
(None, None, "localhost:0", "localhost", 0),
),
)
def test_run_from_config(
monkeypatch, host, port, server_name, expect_host, expect_port, app
):
def run_simple_mock(hostname, port, *args, **kwargs):
assert hostname == expect_host
assert port == expect_port
monkeypatch.setattr(werkzeug.serving, "run_simple", run_simple_mock)
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = server_name
app.run(host, port)
def test_max_cookie_size(app, client, recwarn):
app.config["MAX_COOKIE_SIZE"] = 100
# outside app context, default to Werkzeug static value,
# which is also the default config
response = flask.Response()
default = flask.Flask.default_config["MAX_COOKIE_SIZE"]
assert response.max_cookie_size == default
# inside app context, use app config
with app.app_context():
assert flask.Response().max_cookie_size == 100
@app.route("/")
def index():
r = flask.Response("", status=204)
r.set_cookie("foo", "bar" * 100)
return r
client.get("/")
assert len(recwarn) == 1
w = recwarn.pop()
assert "cookie is too large" in str(w.message)
app.config["MAX_COOKIE_SIZE"] = 0
client.get("/")
assert len(recwarn) == 0
@require_cpython_gc
def test_app_freed_on_zero_refcount():
# A Flask instance should not create a reference cycle that prevents CPython
# from freeing it when all external references to it are released (see #3761).
gc.disable()
try:
app = flask.Flask(__name__)
assert app.view_functions["static"]
weak = weakref.ref(app)
assert weak() is not None
del app
assert weak() is None
finally:
gc.enable()