180 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
180 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
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# 用 Python 实现键盘记录器
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> 原文：<https://www.askpython.com/python/examples/keylogger-in-python>
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大家好！在今天的帖子中，我们将做一些令人兴奋的事情——用 Python 构建一个键盘记录器！
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你有没有想过监控你的键盘，看看你的打字历史，并分析你如何打字？好吧，第一步是建立一个键盘监控工具——或者一个**键盘记录器**！
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虽然您很可能意识到这可能会被恶意使用，但我们假设您是控制自己机器的人！
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我们开始吧！
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* * *
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## 安装必要的模块
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第一步是确保你有合适的工具！除了 Python 3，你还必须安装 [**pynput** 模块](https://pynput.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)，以便从你的键盘读取输入。让我们使用 [pip 安装命令](https://www.askpython.com/python-modules/python-pip)。
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```py
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pip install pynput
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```
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虽然我们也可以控制键盘，但我们只是监视和记录在键盘上输入的内容！
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这个模块只是使用一个后端引擎，根据你的操作系统来监控你的键盘。例如，如果你使用 Linux，你可能有一个`xorg`服务器，你可以用它作为后端。
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这个模块与后端引擎交互，从键盘获取输入。
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管道如下图所示:
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Pipeline Keylogger
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因此，这个模块将跨不同的操作系统工作，因为它完成了处理后端调用的所有工作！
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我们将使用 Python 设计以下键盘记录器:
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* 我们创建一个主循环，简单地等待一个键被按下。
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* 一旦监听器检测到按键，我们将在控制台上打印出来。
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让我们现在开始写代码。
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## 用 Python 实现键盘记录器
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我们将用 Python 编写一个键盘记录器，它使用了`pynput.keyboard`类。
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让我们先做必要的进口
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```py
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import pynput.keyboard as Keyboard
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```
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现在，我们将监听键盘，我们将监视两种事件:
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* 按键——每当按键时
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* 按键释放–每当按键被释放时
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现在，`pynput`已经让我们的生活变得非常容易。我们只需要定义两个函数来处理按键被按下和释放时的逻辑。
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我们只需要定义这些函数，并使用`pynput`将它们作为参数传递给键盘监听器。
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创建侦听器的格式如下:
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```py
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with Keyboard.Listener(on_press=on_press, on_release=on_release) as listener:
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listener.join()
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```
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只是两行代码而已！这里有两个回调函数`on_press()`和`on_release()`，它们将被相应地调用。
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第二行使用`Threading.join()`方法简单地等待监听器线程完成执行。
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现在让我们也来定义这两个函数。
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```py
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def on_press(key):
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# Callback function whenever a key is pressed
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try:
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print(f'Key {key.char} pressed!')
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except AttributeError:
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print(f'Special Key {key} pressed!')
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def on_release(key):
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print(f'Key {key} released')
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if key == Keyboard.Key.esc:
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# Stop the listener
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return False
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```
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这里，我们首先打印使用`key.char`按下/释放的任何键。
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如果按下一个特殊的键，我们必须打印出`key`，因为`key.char`不是一个有效的 ASCII 值。
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同样，我们对`on_release(key)`做同样的事情，直到< Esc >键被按下。
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我们简单地返回`False`，这将**自动停止**监听器并完成我们的程序！
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以下是到目前为止的完整程序:
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```py
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import pynput.keyboard as Keyboard
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def on_press(key):
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# Callback function whenever a key is pressed
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try:
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print(f'Key {key.char} pressed!')
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except AttributeError:
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print(f'Special Key {key} pressed!')
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def on_release(key):
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print(f'Key {key} released')
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if key == Keyboard.Key.esc:
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# Stop the listener
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return False
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with Keyboard.Listener(on_press=on_press, on_release=on_release) as listener:
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listener.join()
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```
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**样本输出**
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```py
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Key q pressed!
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Key 'q' released
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Key w pressed!
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Key 'w' released
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Special Key Key.shift pressed!
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Key A pressed!
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Key 'A' released
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Key Key.shift released
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Key a pressed!
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Key 'a' released
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Special Key Key.shift pressed!
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Key A pressed!
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Key 'A' released
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Key Key.shift released
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Special Key Key.shift pressed!
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Key @ pressed!
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Key '@' released
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Key Key.shift released
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Special Key Key.shift pressed!
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Key $ pressed!
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Key '$' released
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Key Key.shift released
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Special Key Key.shift pressed!
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Key ) pressed!
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Key ')' released
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Key Key.shift released
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Special Key Key.shift pressed!
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Key > pressed!
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Key '>' released
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Key Key.shift released
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Key . pressed!
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Key '.' released
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Special Key Key.esc pressed!
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Key Key.esc released
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```
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正如你所看到的，这是能够成功地捕捉和打印键盘输出，甚至与特殊的关键，如`<shift>`！
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* * *
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## 结论
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希望，你现在能够让你的键盘记录器轻松工作！你也可以在此基础上为你的键盘记录程序实现更多的功能。下次见！
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* * *
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## 参考
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* [pynput 模块](https://pynput.readthedocs.io/en/latest/keyboard.html)文档
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* * *
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