90 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
90 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
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# 如何用 Shutil 复制和移动文件？
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> 原文：<https://www.pythonforbeginners.com/os/python-the-shutil-module>
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### 什么是 Shutil？
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shutil 模块帮助你自动复制文件和目录。
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这样就省去了没有实际处理时打开、读取、写入和关闭文件的步骤。
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这是一个实用模块，可以用来完成任务，如:复制，移动，或删除目录树
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##### shutil. copy ( src , dest )
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```py
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# Basically the unix command cp src dst.
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# this copies the source file to the destination directory
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# the destination directory has to exist
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# if the filename already exists there, it will be overwritten
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# access time and last modification time will be updated
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# the same filename is used
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# the permissions of the file are copied along with the contents.
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import shutil
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import os
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source = os.listdir("/tmp/")
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destination = "/tmp/newfolder/"
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for files in source:
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if files.endswith(".txt"):
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shutil.copy(files,destination)
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###########
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shutil.copyfile ( src , dest )
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# copy data from src to dest
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# both names must be files.
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# copy files by name
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import shutil
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shutil.copyfile('/path/to/file', '/path/to/other/phile')
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############
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shutil.move
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# recursively move a file or directory (src) to another location (dst).
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# if the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, then src is moved
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inside that directory.
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# the destination directory must not already exist.
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# this would move files ending with .txt to the destination path
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import shutil
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import os
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source = os.listdir("/tmp/")
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destination = "/tmp/newfolder/"
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for files in source:
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if files.endswith(".txt"):
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shutil.move(files,destination)
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####################
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shutil.copytree ( src , dest )
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# recursively copy the entire directory tree rooted at src to dest.
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# dest must not already exist.
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# errors are reported to standard output.
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####################
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import shutil
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import os
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SOURCE = "samples"
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BACKUP = "samples-bak"
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# create a backup directory
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shutil.copytree(SOURCE, BACKUP)
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print os.listdir(BACKUP)
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####################
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shutil.rmtree ( path )
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# recursively delete a directory tree.
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# This removes the directory 'three' and anything beneath it in the filesystem.
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import shutil
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shutil.rmtree('one/two/three')
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```
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