331 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
331 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
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# wxPython:向 ObjectListView 添加工具提示
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> 原文：<https://www.blog.pythonlibrary.org/2013/12/12/wxpython-adding-tooltips-objectlistview/>
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[](https://www.blog.pythonlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/wxOLVTooltips.png)
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最近，我试图弄清楚如何在 Windows 上的 wxPython 中为 ObjectListView 小部件中的每个项目添加工具提示。wxPython wiki 有一个使用 PyWin32 的例子，但是我不想走这条路。所以我在 wxPython 谷歌群上问了一下，得到了一个有趣的[答案](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/wxpython-users/nf3bcDGdyTM)。他们实际上使用了我的一篇旧的[文章](https://www.blog.pythonlibrary.org/2009/12/23/wxpython-using-objectlistview-instead-of-a-listctrl/)来为我构建他们的解决方案。我稍微整理了一下，觉得值得与我的读者分享:
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```py
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import wx
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from ObjectListView import ObjectListView, ColumnDefn
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########################################################################
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class Book(object):
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"""
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Model of the Book object
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Contains the following attributes:
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'ISBN', 'Author', 'Manufacturer', 'Title'
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"""
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def __init__(self, title, author, isbn, mfg):
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self.isbn = isbn
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self.author = author
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self.mfg = mfg
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self.title = title
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########################################################################
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class MainPanel(wx.Panel):
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def __init__(self, parent):
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wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent, id=wx.ID_ANY)
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self.products = [Book("wxPython in Action", "Robin Dunn",
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"1932394621", "Manning"),
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Book("Hello World", "Warren and Carter Sande",
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"1933988495", "Manning")
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]
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self.dataOlv = ObjectListView(self, wx.ID_ANY, style=wx.LC_REPORT|wx.SUNKEN_BORDER)
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self.setBooks()
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# Allow the cell values to be edited when double-clicked
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self.dataOlv.cellEditMode = ObjectListView.CELLEDIT_SINGLECLICK
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# create an update button
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updateBtn = wx.Button(self, wx.ID_ANY, "Update OLV")
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updateBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.updateControl)
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# Create some sizers
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mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
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mainSizer.Add(self.dataOlv, 1, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5)
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mainSizer.Add(updateBtn, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 5)
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self.SetSizer(mainSizer)
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self.dataOlv.Bind(wx.EVT_LIST_ITEM_SELECTED, self.onSetToolTip)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def updateControl(self, event):
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"""
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Update the control
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"""
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print "updating..."
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#product_dict = [{"title":"Core Python Programming", "author":"Wesley Chun",
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#"isbn":"0132269937", "mfg":"Prentice Hall"},
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#{"title":"Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner",
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#"author":"Michael Dawson", "isbn":"1598631128",
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#"mfg":"Course Technology"},
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#{"title":"Learning Python", "author":"Mark Lutz",
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#"isbn":"0596513984", "mfg":"O'Reilly"}
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#]
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product_list = [Book("Core Python Programming", "Wesley Chun",
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"0132269937", "Prentice Hall"),
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Book("Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner",
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"Michael Dawson", "1598631128", "Course Technology"),
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Book("Learning Python", "Mark Lutz", "0596513984",
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"O'Reilly")
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]
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data = self.products + product_list
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self.dataOlv.SetObjects(data)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def setBooks(self, data=None):
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"""
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Sets the book data for the OLV object
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"""
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self.dataOlv.SetColumns([
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ColumnDefn("Title", "left", 220, "title"),
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ColumnDefn("Author", "left", 200, "author"),
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ColumnDefn("ISBN", "right", 100, "isbn"),
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ColumnDefn("Mfg", "left", 180, "mfg")
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])
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self.dataOlv.SetObjects(self.products)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def onSetToolTip(self, event):
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"""
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Set the tool tip on the selected row
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"""
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item = self.dataOlv.GetSelectedObject()
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tooltip = "%s is a good writer!" % item.author
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event.GetEventObject().SetToolTipString(tooltip)
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event.Skip()
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########################################################################
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class MainFrame(wx.Frame):
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def __init__(self):
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wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=wx.ID_ANY,
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title="ObjectListView Demo", size=(800,600))
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panel = MainPanel(self)
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########################################################################
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class GenApp(wx.App):
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def __init__(self, redirect=False, filename=None):
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wx.App.__init__(self, redirect, filename)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def OnInit(self):
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# create frame here
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frame = MainFrame()
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frame.Show()
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return True
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def main():
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"""
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Run the demo
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"""
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app = GenApp()
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app.MainLoop()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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```
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我需要做的就是添加一个绑定到 **wx。EVT _ 列表 _ 项目 _ 选定**。然后在我的事件处理程序中，我需要获取事件对象并设置它的工具提示字符串。我真正想做的是找到一种方法来复制这个[网格配方](http://wiki.wxpython.org/wxGrid%20ToolTips)，这样我就可以将鼠标放在项目上并改变工具提示，但是看起来 ObjectListView / ListCtrl 没有我需要的方法来将鼠标坐标转换成列/行。不管怎样，给出的解决方案确实像宣传的那样有效。多谢了，二信！
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**Update:** 我的一位精明的读者注意到了我的代码中的一个错误，当我点击 Update 按钮时，它向 ObjectListView 小部件添加了一个字典。虽然您可以添加字典，但这破坏了 **onSetToolTip** 方法，因为添加的一些条目不再是 Book 实例。因此，我已经更新了代码，添加了额外的条目作为 Book 实例，并注释掉了 dictionary 示例。
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**更新(2013/12/30)**
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在玩了一个我找到的 [StackOverflow 答案](http://stackoverflow.com/a/6444658/393194)之后，我发现我可以动态更新工具提示，尽管它仍然不是我想要的。但是首先，下面是更新后的代码示例:
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```py
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import wx
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from ObjectListView import ObjectListView, ColumnDefn
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########################################################################
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class Book(object):
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"""
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Model of the Book object
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Contains the following attributes:
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'ISBN', 'Author', 'Manufacturer', 'Title'
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"""
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def __init__(self, title, author, isbn, mfg):
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self.isbn = isbn
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self.author = author
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self.mfg = mfg
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self.title = title
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########################################################################
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class MainPanel(wx.Panel):
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def __init__(self, parent):
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wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent, id=wx.ID_ANY)
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self.products = [Book("wxPython in Action", "Robin Dunn",
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"1932394621", "Manning"),
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Book("Hello World", "Warren and Carter Sande",
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"1933988495", "Manning")
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]
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self.dataOlv = ObjectListView(self, wx.ID_ANY,
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style=wx.LC_REPORT|wx.SUNKEN_BORDER)
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self.dataOlv.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.updateTooltip)
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self.setBooks()
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# Allow the cell values to be edited when double-clicked
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self.dataOlv.cellEditMode = ObjectListView.CELLEDIT_SINGLECLICK
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# create an update button
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updateBtn = wx.Button(self, wx.ID_ANY, "Update OLV")
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updateBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.updateControl)
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# Create some sizers
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mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
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mainSizer.Add(self.dataOlv, 1, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5)
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mainSizer.Add(updateBtn, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 5)
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self.SetSizer(mainSizer)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def updateControl(self, event):
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"""
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Update the control
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"""
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print "updating..."
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#product_dict = [{"title":"Core Python Programming", "author":"Wesley Chun",
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#"isbn":"0132269937", "mfg":"Prentice Hall"},
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#{"title":"Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner",
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#"author":"Michael Dawson", "isbn":"1598631128",
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#"mfg":"Course Technology"},
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#{"title":"Learning Python", "author":"Mark Lutz",
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#"isbn":"0596513984", "mfg":"O'Reilly"}
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#]
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product_list = [Book("Core Python Programming", "Wesley Chun",
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"0132269937", "Prentice Hall"),
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Book("Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner",
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"Michael Dawson", "1598631128", "Course Technology"),
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Book("Learning Python", "Mark Lutz", "0596513984",
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"O'Reilly")
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]
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data = self.products + product_list
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self.dataOlv.SetObjects(data)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def setBooks(self, data=None):
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"""
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Sets the book data for the OLV object
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"""
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self.dataOlv.SetColumns([
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ColumnDefn("Title", "left", 220, "title"),
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ColumnDefn("Author", "left", 200, "author"),
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ColumnDefn("ISBN", "right", 100, "isbn"),
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ColumnDefn("Mfg", "left", 180, "mfg")
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])
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self.dataOlv.SetObjects(self.products)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def updateTooltip(self, event):
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"""
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Update the tooltip!
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"""
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pos = wx.GetMousePosition()
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mouse_pos = self.dataOlv.ScreenToClient(pos)
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item_index, flag = self.dataOlv.HitTest(mouse_pos)
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print flag
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if flag == wx.LIST_HITTEST_ONITEMLABEL:
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msg = "%s is a good book!" % self.dataOlv.GetItemText(item_index)
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self.dataOlv.SetToolTipString(msg)
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else:
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self.dataOlv.SetToolTipString("")
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event.Skip()
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########################################################################
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class MainFrame(wx.Frame):
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def __init__(self):
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wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=wx.ID_ANY,
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title="ObjectListView Demo", size=(800,600))
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panel = MainPanel(self)
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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def main():
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"""
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Run the demo
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"""
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app = wx.App(False)
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frame = MainFrame()
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frame.Show()
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app.MainLoop()
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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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```
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这里的主要变化是移除 setToolTip 方法并添加一个 updateTooltip 方法。在上述方法中，我们获取鼠标位置并使用它来更新工具提示。我对这种方法的问题是，工具提示只有在您将鼠标悬停在第一列的单元格上时才会更新。除此之外，它工作得很好。如果你碰巧发现了其他的方法，请在评论中告诉我。
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**更新(2014/01/23)** :
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我的一个读者今天联系我，告诉我对这段代码的另一个修正。他设法找到了添加工具提示的方法，这样无论鼠标悬停在行的哪一部分，工具提示都会出现。变化很简单。对 **updateTooltip** 方法的更改。以下是原始版本:
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```py
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def updateTooltip(self, event):
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"""
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Update the tooltip!
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"""
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pos = wx.GetMousePosition()
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mouse_pos = self.dataOlv.ScreenToClient(pos)
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item_index, flag = self.dataOlv.HitTest(mouse_pos)
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print flag
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if flag == wx.LIST_HITTEST_ONITEMLABEL:
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msg = "%s is a good book!" % self.dataOlv.GetItemText(item_index)
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self.dataOlv.SetToolTipString(msg)
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else:
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self.dataOlv.SetToolTipString("")
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event.Skip()
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```
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以下是修复版本:
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```py
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def updateTooltip(self, event):
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"""
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Update the tooltip!
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"""
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pos = wx.GetMousePosition()
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mouse_pos = self.dataOlv.ScreenToClient(pos)
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item_index, flag = self.dataOlv.HitTest(mouse_pos)
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print flag
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if item_index != -1:
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msg = "%s is a good book!" % self.dataOlv.GetItemText(item_index)
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self.dataOlv.SetToolTipString(msg)
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else:
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self.dataOlv.SetToolTipString("")
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event.Skip()
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```
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对 if 语句的修改是，我们现在看一下 **item_index** 。实际上我不知道这为什么有效，但对我来说确实有效。特别感谢迈克·斯托弗发现了这一点。
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