Grafana's query editors are unique to each data source. For general information on Grafana query editors, refer to [Query editors](ref:query-editor). For general information on querying data sources in Grafana, refer to [Query and transform data](ref:query-transform-data).
The InfluxDB query editor is located on the [Explore page](ref:explore). You can also access the InfluxDB query editor from a dashboard panel. Click the ellipsis in the upper right of the panel and select **Edit**.
You can also use the query editor to retrieve [log data](#query-logs) and [annotate](#apply-annotations) visualizations.
The InfluxDB data source has three different types of query editors, each corresponding to the query language selected in the [data source configuration](https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/<GRAFANA_VERSION>/datasources/influxdb/configure-influxdb-data-source/#influxdb-configuration-options):
The InfluxQL query editor helps you select metrics and tags to create InfluxQL queries. There are two modes: `visual editor mode` and `raw query mode`. To switch between the two modes click the **pencil icon** in the upper right.
- **WHERE** - Select filters by clicking the **+ sign**.
- **SELECT** - Select fields and functions from the drop-down. You can add multiple fields and functions by clicking the **+ sign**.
- **GROUP BY** - Select a tag from the drop-down menu.
- **TIMEZONE** - _Optional_ Group data by a specific timezone.
- **ORDER BY TIME** - Sort data by time in either ascending or descending order.
- **LIMIT** - _Optional_ Limits the number of rows returned by the query.
- **SLIMIT** - _Optional_ Limits the number of series returned by the query. Refer to [SLIMIT clause](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/cloud/query-data/influxql/explore-data/limit-and-slimit/#slimit-clause) for more information on this option.
- **FORMAT AS** - Select a format option from the drop-down menu.
- **ALIAS** - Add an alias. Refer to [Alias patterns](#alias-patterns) for more information.
You can write raw InfluxQL queries by switching to raw query mode. Click the pencil in the upper right of the query editor to switch modes. Note that when you switch to visual editor mode, you will lose any changes made in raw query mode.
If you use raw query mode, your query must include `WHERE $timeFilter`. You should also provide a group by time and an aggregation function. Otherwise, InfluxDB may return hundreds of thousands of data points, potentially causing your browser to hang.
| `$1` - `$9` | Part of measurement name (if you separate your measurement name with dots). |
| `$col` | Column name. |
| `$tag_exampletag` | The value of the `exampletag` tag. The syntax is `$tag*yourTagName` and must start with `$tag*`. To use your tag as an alias in the ALIAS BY field, you must use the tag to group by in the query. |
Grafana supports the [SQL query language](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/cloud-serverless/query-data/sql/) in [InfluxDB v3.0](https://www.influxdata.com/blog/introducing-influxdb-3-0/) and higher.
You construct your SQL query directly in the query editor.
| `$__timeFrom` | The start of the currently active time selection, such as `2020-06-11T13:31:00Z`. |
| `$__timeTo` | The end of the currently active time selection, such as `2020-06-11T14:31:00Z`. |
| `$__timeFilter` | The time range that applies the start and the end of currently active time selection. |
| `$__interval` | An interval string that corresponds to Grafana's calculated interval based on the time range of the active time selection, such as `5s`. |
| `$__dateBin(<column>)` | Applies [date_bin](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/cloud-serverless/reference/sql/functions/time-and-date/#date_bin) function. Column must be timestamp. |
| `$__dateBinAlias(<column>)` | Applies [date_bin](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/cloud-serverless/reference/sql/functions/time-and-date/#date_bin) function with suffix `_binned`. Column must be timestamp. |
Examples:
```
// with macro
1. SELECT * FROM cpu WHERE time >= $__timeFrom AND time <= $__timeTo
2. SELECT * FROM cpu WHERE $__timeFilter(time)
3. SELECT $__dateBin(time) from cpu
// interpolated
1. SELECT * FROM iox.cpu WHERE time >= cast('2023-12-15T12:38:30Z' as timestamp) AND time <= cast('2023-12-15T18:38:30Z' as timestamp)
2. SELECT * FROM cpu WHERE time >= '2023-12-15T12:41:28Z' AND time <= '2023-12-15T18:41:28Z'
3. SELECT date_bin(interval '15 second', time, timestamp '1970-01-01T00:00:00Z') from cpu
| `v.timeRangeStart` | The start of the currently active time selection, such as `2020-06-11T13:31:00Z`. |
| `v.timeRangeStop` | The end of the currently active time selection, such as `2020-06-11T14:31:00Z`. |
| `v.windowPeriod` | An interval string compatible with Flux that corresponds to Grafana's calculated interval based on the time range of the active time selection, such as `5s`. |
| `v.defaultBucket` | The data source configuration's "Default Bucket" setting. |
| `v.organization` | The data source configuration's "Organization" setting. |
This Flux query is interpolated into the following query and sent to InfluxDB, with the interval and time period values changing according to the active time selection:
Select an InfluxDB data source in the Query editor. Under the **Select measurement field** next to the **FROM** section, choose a measurement containing your log data, then choose the appropriate fields that will display the log message. Add any additional filters by clicking the **+ sign** next to the **WHERE** field. Add additional conditions in the GROUP BY, ORDER BY and the rest of the options.
After InfluxDB returns the results, the log panel displays log rows along with a bar chart. The x-axis represents time, while the y-axis shows the frequency or count.
