2022-11-10 18:01:11 +08:00
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# 网络请求
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2022-11-23 20:10:17 +08:00
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:::tip
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2022-11-15 15:03:30 +08:00
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小程序端不支持该能力。
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:::
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2022-11-10 18:01:11 +08:00
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大部分前端应用都会选择通过 HTTP(s) 协议与后端服务通讯。
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ice.js 提供了一套从 UI 交互到请求服务端数据的完整方案,通过切面编程的方式统一了数据请求管理,简化了设置参数、错误处理等逻辑的实现。
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## 安装 [request 插件](https://www.npmjs.com/@ice/plugin-request)
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网络请求是可选能力,在使用前需要单独安装 `@ice/plugin-request` 插件。
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```bash
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npm i @ice/plugin-request -D
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```
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在配置文件中添加插件:
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```tsx title="ice.config.mts"
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import { defineConfig } from '@ice/app';
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import request from '@ice/plugin-request';
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export default defineConfig(() => ({
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plugins: [
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request(),
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],
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}));
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```
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## 目录约定
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框架约定 `service` 目录用于收敛请求逻辑,目录组织如下:
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```diff
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src
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├── models
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+├── services // 定义全局数据请求,非必须
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+│ └── user.ts
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└── pages
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| ├── home
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| │ ├── models
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+| │ ├── services // 定义页面级数据请求
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+| │ | └── repo.ts
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| │ └── components
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| ├── about
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| │ ├── services
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| │ ├── components
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| │ └── index.tsx
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└── app.ts
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```
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通过调用 `request` 定义数据请求如下:
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```ts title="pages/home/service/repo.ts"
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import { request } from 'ice';
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export default {
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// 简单场景
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async getUser() {
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return await request('/api/user');
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},
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// 参数场景
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async getRepo(id) {
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return await request(`/api/repo/${id}`);
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},
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// 格式化返回值
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async getDetail(params) {
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const data = await request({
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url: `/api/detail`,
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params
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});
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return data.map(item => {
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return {
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...item,
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price: item.oldPrice,
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text: item.status === '1' ? '确定' : '取消'
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};
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});
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}
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}
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```
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## 消费 service
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消费 service 主要有两种方式:
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- 在模型中调用 service:`service` -> `model` -> `view`
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- 在视图中调用 service:`service` -> `view`
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### 在模型中调用 service
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> 结合 [状态管理](./store.md) 使用
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- `service`:约定数据请求统一管理在 services 目录下;
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- `model`:约定数据请求统一在 models 里进行调用;
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- `view`:最终在视图里通过调用 models 的 effects 的方法触发数据请求。
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在模型中调用定义好的 service:
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```ts
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import userService from '@/services/user';
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// src/models/user.ts
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export default {
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state: {
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name: 'taoxiaobao',
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age: 20,
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},
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reducers: {
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update(prevState, payload) {
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return { ...prevState, ...payload };
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},
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},
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effects: (dispatch) => ({
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async fetchUserInfo() {
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const data = await userService.getUser();
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dispatch.user.update(data);
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},
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}),
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};
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```
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- 在视图中调用模型方法:
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```tsx
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import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
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import store from '@/store';
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const HomePage = () => {
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// 调用定义的 user 模型
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const [userState, userDispatchers] = store.useModel('user');
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useEffect(() => {
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// 调用 user 模型中的 fetchUserInfo 方法
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userDispatchers.fetchUserInfo();
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}, []);
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return <>Home</>;
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};
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```
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### 在视图中调用 service
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- `service`:约定数据请求统一管理在 services 目录下;
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- `view`:最终在视图里通过 useRequest 直接调用 service 触发数据请求。
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```tsx
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import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
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import { useRequest } from 'ice';
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import userService from '@/services/user';
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export default function HomePage() {
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// 调用 service
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const { data, error, loading, request } = useRequest(userService.getUser);
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useEffect(() => {
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// 触发数据请求
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request();
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}, []);
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return <>Home</>;
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}
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```
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## API
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### request
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request 基于 axios 进行封装,在使用上整体与 axios 保持一致,差异点:
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1. 默认只返回服务端响应的数据 `Response.data`,而不是整个 Response,如需返回整个 Response 请通过 `withFullResponse` 参数开启
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2. 在 axios 基础上默认支持了多请求实例的能力
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使用方式如下:
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```ts
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import { request } from 'ice';
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async function getList() {
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const resData = await request({
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url: '/api/user',
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});
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console.log(resData.list);
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const { status, statusText, data } = await request({
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url: '/api/user',
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withFullResponse: true
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});
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console.log(data.list);
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}
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```
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常用使用方式:
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```js
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request(RequestConfig);
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request.get('/user', RequestConfig);
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request.post('/user', data, RequestConfig);
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```
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RequestConfig:
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```js
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{
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// `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
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url: '/user',
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// `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
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method: 'get', // default
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// `headers` are custom headers to be sent
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headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
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// `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
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// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
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params: {
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ID: 12345
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},
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// `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
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// Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'
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data: {
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firstName: 'Fred'
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},
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// `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
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// If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
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timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
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// `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
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// should be made using credentials
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withCredentials: false, // default
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// `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
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// options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
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responseType: 'json', // default
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// should be made return full response
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withFullResponse: false,
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// request instance name
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instanceName: 'request2'
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}
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```
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更完整的配置请 [参考](https://github.com/axios/axios#request-config)。
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返回完整 Response Scheme 如下:
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```ts
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{
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// `data` is the response that was provided by the server
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data: {},
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// `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
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status: 200,
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// `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
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statusText: 'OK',
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// `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
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// All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
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// Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
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headers: {},
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// `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
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config: {},
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// `request` is the request that generated this response
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// It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
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// and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
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request: {}
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}
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```
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### useRequest
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使用 useRequest 可以极大的简化对请求状态的管理,useRequest 基于 [ahooks/useRequest](https://ahooks.js.org/zh-CN/hooks/use-request/index) 封装,差异点:
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- 将 `requestMethod` 参数默认设置为上述的 `request`(即 axios),保证框架使用的一致性
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- manual 参数默认值从 `false` 改为 `true`,因为实际业务更多都是要手动触发的
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- 返回值 `run` 改为 `request`,因为更符合语义
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#### API
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```ts
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const {
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// 请求返回的数据,默认为 undefined
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data,
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// 请求抛出的异常,默认为 undefined
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error,
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// 请求状态
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loading,
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// 手动触发请求,参数会传递给 service
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request,
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// 当次执行请求的参数数组
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params,
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// 取消当前请求,如果有轮询,停止
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cancel,
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// 使用上一次的 params,重新执行请求
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refresh,
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// 直接修改 data
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mutate,
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// 默认情况下,新请求会覆盖旧请求。如果设置了 fetchKey,则可以实现多个请求并行,fetches 存储了多个请求的状态
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fetches
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} = useRequest(service, {
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// 默认为 true 即需要手动执行请求
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manual,
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// 初始化的 data
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initialData,
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// 请求成功时触发,参数为 data 和 params
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onSuccess,
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// 请求报错时触发,参数为 error 和 params
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onError,
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// 格式化请求结果
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formatResult,
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// 请求唯一标识
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cacheKey,
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// 设置显示 loading 的延迟时间,避免闪烁
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loadingDelay,
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// 默认参数
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defaultParams,
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// 轮询间隔,单位为毫秒
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pollingInterval,
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// 在页面隐藏时,是否继续轮询,默认为 true,即不会停止轮询
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pollingWhenHidden,
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// 根据 params,获取当前请求的 key
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fetchKey,
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// 在屏幕重新获取焦点或重新显示时,是否重新发起请求。默认为 false,即不会重新发起请求
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refreshOnWindowFocus,
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// 屏幕重新聚焦,如果每次都重新发起请求,不是很好,我们需要有一个时间间隔,在当前时间间隔内,不会重新发起请求,需要配置 refreshOnWindowFocus 使用
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focusTimespan,
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// 防抖间隔, 单位为毫秒,设置后,请求进入防抖模式
|
|
|
|
|
debounceInterval,
|
|
|
|
|
// 节流间隔, 单位为毫秒,设置后,请求进入节流模式。
|
|
|
|
|
throttleInterval,
|
|
|
|
|
// 只有当 ready 为 true 时,才会发起请求
|
|
|
|
|
ready,
|
|
|
|
|
// 在 manual = false 时,refreshDeps 变化,会触发请求重新执行
|
|
|
|
|
refreshDeps,
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 常用使用方式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
import { useRequest } from 'ice';
|
|
|
|
|
// 用法 1:传入字符串
|
|
|
|
|
const { data, error, loading } = useRequest('/api/repo');
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 用法 2:传入配置对象
|
|
|
|
|
const { data, error, loading } = useRequest({
|
|
|
|
|
url: '/api/repo',
|
|
|
|
|
method: 'get',
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 用法 3:传入 service 函数
|
|
|
|
|
const { data, error, loading, request } = useRequest((id) => ({
|
|
|
|
|
url: '/api/repo',
|
|
|
|
|
method: 'get',
|
|
|
|
|
data: { id },
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
更多使用方式详见 [ahooks/useRequest](https://ahooks.js.org/zh-CN/hooks/use-request/index)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 请求配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在实际项目中通常需要对请求进行全局统一的封装,例如配置请求的 baseURL、统一 header、拦截请求和响应等等,这时只需要在应用的的 appConfig 中进行配置即可。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts title="src/app.tsx"
|
2023-02-28 15:08:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import { defineRequestConfig } from '@ice/plugin-request/types';
|
2022-11-10 18:01:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export const requestConfig = defineRequestConfig({
|
|
|
|
|
// 可选的,全局设置 request 是否返回 response 对象,默认为 false
|
|
|
|
|
withFullResponse: false,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
baseURL: '/api',
|
|
|
|
|
headers: {},
|
|
|
|
|
// ...RequestConfig 其他参数
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 拦截器
|
|
|
|
|
interceptors: {
|
|
|
|
|
request: {
|
|
|
|
|
onConfig: (config) => {
|
|
|
|
|
// 发送请求前:可以对 RequestConfig 做一些统一处理
|
|
|
|
|
config.headers = { a: 1 };
|
|
|
|
|
return config;
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
onError: (error) => {
|
|
|
|
|
return Promise.reject(error);
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
response: {
|
|
|
|
|
onConfig: (response) => {
|
|
|
|
|
// 请求成功:可以做全局的 toast 展示,或者对 response 做一些格式化
|
|
|
|
|
if (!response.data.status !== 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
alert('请求失败');
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return response;
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
onError: (error) => {
|
|
|
|
|
// 请求出错:服务端返回错误状态码
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(error.response.data);
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(error.response.status);
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(error.response.headers);
|
|
|
|
|
return Promise.reject(error);
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 多个请求配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在某些复杂场景的应用中,我们也可以配置多个请求,每个配置请求都是单一的实例对象。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts title="src/app.tsx"
|
2023-02-28 15:08:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import { defineRequestConfig } from '@ice/plugin-request/types';
|
2022-11-10 18:01:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export const requestConfig = defineRequestConfig([
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
baseURL: '/api',
|
|
|
|
|
// ...RequestConfig 其他参数
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
// 配置 request 实例名称,如果不配默认使用内置的 request 实例
|
|
|
|
|
instanceName: 'request2',
|
|
|
|
|
baseURL: '/api2',
|
|
|
|
|
// ...RequestConfig 其他参数
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
]);
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
使用示例:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts
|
|
|
|
|
import { request } from 'ice';
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export default {
|
|
|
|
|
// 使用默认的请求方法,即调用 /api/user 接口
|
|
|
|
|
async getUser() {
|
|
|
|
|
return await request({
|
|
|
|
|
url: '/user',
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 使用自定义的 request 请求方法,即调用接口 /api2/user
|
|
|
|
|
async getRepo(id) {
|
|
|
|
|
return await request({
|
|
|
|
|
instanceName: 'request2',
|
|
|
|
|
url: `/repo/${id}`,
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 异常处理
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
无论是拦截器里的错误参数,还是 `request` / `useRequest` 返回的错误对象,都符合以下类型:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
const error = {
|
|
|
|
|
// 服务端返回错误状态码时则存在该字段
|
|
|
|
|
response: {
|
|
|
|
|
data: {},
|
|
|
|
|
status: {},
|
|
|
|
|
headers: {}
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
// 服务端未返回结构时则存在该字段
|
|
|
|
|
request: XMLHttpRequest,
|
|
|
|
|
// 一定存在,即 RequestConfig
|
|
|
|
|
config: {
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
// 一定存在
|
|
|
|
|
message: ''
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 高阶用法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Mock 接口
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
项目开发初期,后端接口可能还没开发好或不够稳定,此时前端可以通过 Mock 的方式来模拟接口,参考文档 [本地 Mock 能力](../basic/mock.md)。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 如何解决接口跨域问题
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
当访问页面地址和请求接口地址的域名或端口不一致时,就会因为浏览器的同源策略导致跨域问题,此时推荐后端接口通过 CORS 支持信任域名的跨域访问,具体请参考:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- [HTTP 访问控制(CORS)](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS)
|
|
|
|
|
- [跨域资源共享 CORS 详解](https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/04/cors.html)
|
|
|
|
|
- [Using CORS](https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/cors/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 根据环境配置不同的 baseURL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
大部分情况下,前端代码里用到的后端接口写的都是相对路径如 `/api/getFoo.json`,然后访问不同环境时浏览器会根据当前域名发起对应的请求。如果域名跟实际请求的接口地址不一致,则需要通过 `request.baseURL` 来配置:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts title="src/app.tsx"
|
2023-02-28 15:08:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import { defineRequestConfig } from '@ice/plugin-request/types';
|
2022-11-10 18:01:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export const requestConfig = defineRequestConfig({
|
|
|
|
|
baseURL: '//service.example.com/api',
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
结合[构建配置](../basic/env.md)即可实现不同环境使用不同的 baseURL:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell title=".env.local"
|
|
|
|
|
# The should not be committed.
|
|
|
|
|
BASEURL=http://localhost:9999/api
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell title=".env.prod"
|
|
|
|
|
BASEURL=https://example.com/api
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在 `src/app.tsx` 中配置 `request.baseURL`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```ts title="src/app.tsx"
|
2023-02-28 15:08:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
import { defineRequestConfig } from '@ice/plugin-request/types';
|
2022-11-10 18:01:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export const requestConfig = defineRequestConfig({
|
|
|
|
|
baseURL: process.env.BASEURL,
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
```
|