mirror of https://github.com/alibaba/ice.git
242 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
242 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: 数据请求
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order: 4
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---
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大多数前端应用都需要通过 HTTP 协议与后端服务器通讯。框架内置提供了请求功能,基于社区主流的 axios 进行封装,提供了 request 和 useRequest Hooks 方法。
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## request
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request 基于 axios 进行封装,在使用上与 axios 保持一致,使用方式如下:
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```ts
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import { request } from 'ice'
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async function getList() {
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try {
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const data = await request({
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url: '/api/list'
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});
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console.log(data);
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} catch (error) {
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console.error(error);
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}
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}
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```
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> 注意:request API 当前并未返回整个 response,如有需求可先在 issue 中反馈
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常用使用方式:
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```js
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request(RequestConfig);
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request.get('/user', RequestConfig);
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request.post('/user', data, RequestConfig);
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```
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RequestConfig:
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```js
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{
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url: '/user',
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// `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
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method: 'get', // default
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// `headers` are custom headers to be sent
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headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
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// `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
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// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
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params: {
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ID: 12345
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},
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// `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
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// Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'
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data: {
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firstName: 'Fred'
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},
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// `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
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// If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
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timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
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// `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
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// should be made using credentials
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withCredentials: false, // default
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// `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
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// options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
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responseType: 'json', // default
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// `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
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// HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be rejected.
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validateStatus: function (status) {
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return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
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},
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}
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```
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更完整的配置请参考:https://github.com/axios/axios#request-config
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## useRequest
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useRequest 用在 Function Component,使用 useRequest 可以极大的简化对请求状态(错误/loading)的管理:
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```jsx
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import { useRequest } from 'ice';
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function ListView(props) {
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const { data, loading, error, request } = useRequest({
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url: '/api/list',
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method: 'GET',
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});
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const dataSource = data ? data.dataSource : [];
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useEffect(() => {
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// 实际请求配置会跟 useRequest 的参数合并
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request({
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params: { a: 1 }
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});
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}, []);
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return (
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<>
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{error && <div>{error.message}</div>}
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{loading ? (
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<div>loading....</div>
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) : (
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(dataSource || []).map(item => {
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return <div>{item.name}</div>;
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})
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)}
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</>
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);
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}
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```
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## 请求配置
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在实际项目中通常需要对请求进行全局统一的封装,例如配置请求的 baseURL、统一 header、拦截请求和响应等等,这时只需要在应用的的 appConfig 中进行配置即可。
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```js
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import { createApp } from 'ice';
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const appConfig = {
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request: {
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baseURL: '/api',
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headers: {},
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// ...RequestConfig 其他参数
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// 拦截器
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interceptors: {
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request: {
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onConfig: (config) => {
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// 发送请求前:可以对 RequestConfig 做一些统一处理
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config.headers = { a: 1 };
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return config;
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},
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onError: (error) => {
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return Promise.reject(error);
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}
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},
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response: {
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onConfig: (response) => {
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// 请求成功:可以做全局的 toast 展示,或者对 response 做一些格式化
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if (!response.data.status !== 1) {
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alert('请求失败');
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}
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return response;
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},
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onError: (error) => {
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// 请求出错:服务端返回错误状态码
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console.log(error.response.data);
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console.log(error.response.status);
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console.log(error.response.headers);
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return Promise.reject(error);
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}
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},
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}
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}
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};
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createApp(appConfig);
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```
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## 异常处理
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无论是拦截器里的错误参数,还是 request/useRequest 返回的错误对象,都符合以下类型:
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```js
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{
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// 服务端返回错误状态码时则存在该字段
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response: {
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data: {},
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status: {},
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headers: {}
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},
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// 服务端未返回结构时则存在该字段
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request: XMLHttpRequest,
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// 一定存在,即 RequestConfig
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config: {
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},
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// 一定存在
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message: ''
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}
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```
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## 高阶指南
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### Mock 接口
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项目开发初期,后端接口可能还没开发好或不够稳定,此时前端可以通过 Mock 的方式来模拟接口,参考文档 [本地 Mock 能力](/docs/advance/mock)。
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### 使用真实的后端接口调试前端代码
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当项目开发到一定时间段时,我们需要联调后端接口,此时可能会遇到各种跨域问题,参考文档 [本地 Proxy 能力](/docs/advace/mock)。
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### 如何解决接口跨域问题
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当访问页面地址和请求接口地址的域名或端口不一致时,就会因为浏览器的同源策略导致跨域问题,此时推荐后端接口通过 CORS 支持信任域名的跨域访问,具体请参考:
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- [HTTP访问控制(CORS)](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS)
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- [跨域资源共享 CORS 详解](https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/04/cors.html)
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- [Using CORS](https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/cors/)
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### 根据环境配置不同的 baseURL
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大部分情况下,前端代码里用到的后端接口写的都是相对路径如 `/api/getFoo.json`,然后访问不同环境时浏览器会根据当前域名发起对应的请求。如果域名跟实际请求的接口地址不一致,则需要通过 `request.baseURL` 来配置:
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```js
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const appConfig = {
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request: {
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baseURL: '//service.example.com/api'
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}
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};
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```
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结合[运行时配置](/docs/guide/basic/config)即可实现不同环境使用不同的 baseURL:
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```js
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// src/config.ts
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export default {
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local: {
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baseURL: `http://localhost:${process.env.SERVER_PORT}/api`
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},
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dailt: {
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baseURL: 'https://daily.example.com/api'
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},
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prod: {
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baseURL: 'https://example.com/api'
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}
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}
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```
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在 `src/app.ts` 中配置 `request.baseURL`:
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```js
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import { createApp, config} from 'ice';
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const appConfig = {
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request: {
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baseURL: config.baseURL
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}
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};
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createApp(appConfig);
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```
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