diff --git a/core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/KafkaConfig.scala b/core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/KafkaConfig.scala
index ba2d72a9e0c..83a1f488f41 100755
--- a/core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/KafkaConfig.scala
+++ b/core/src/main/scala/kafka/server/KafkaConfig.scala
@@ -2248,6 +2248,7 @@ class KafkaConfig private(doLog: Boolean, val props: java.util.Map[_, _], dynami
           s"${KafkaConfig.ControllerListenerNamesProp} must not be empty when running in ZooKeeper migration mode: ${controllerListenerNames.asJava}")
         require(interBrokerProtocolVersion.isMigrationSupported, s"Cannot enable ZooKeeper migration without setting " +
           s"'${KafkaConfig.InterBrokerProtocolVersionProp}' to 3.4 or higher")
+        require(logDirs.size == 1, "Cannot enable ZooKeeper migration when multiple log directories (aka JBOD) are in use.")
       } else {
         // controller listener names must be empty when not in KRaft mode
         require(controllerListenerNames.isEmpty,
diff --git a/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/server/KafkaConfigTest.scala b/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/server/KafkaConfigTest.scala
index f0ac47bad8d..42af3976524 100755
--- a/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/server/KafkaConfigTest.scala
+++ b/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/server/KafkaConfigTest.scala
@@ -1677,6 +1677,18 @@ class KafkaConfigTest {
     KafkaConfig.fromProps(props)
   }
 
+  @Test
+  def testMigrationCannotBeEnabledWithJBOD(): Unit = {
+    val props = TestUtils.createBrokerConfig(1, TestUtils.MockZkConnect, port = TestUtils.MockZkPort, logDirCount = 2)
+    props.setProperty(KafkaConfig.MigrationEnabledProp, "true")
+    props.setProperty(KafkaConfig.QuorumVotersProp, "3000@localhost:9093")
+    props.setProperty(KafkaConfig.ControllerListenerNamesProp, "CONTROLLER")
+
+    assertEquals(
+      "requirement failed: Cannot enable ZooKeeper migration when multiple log directories (aka JBOD) are in use.",
+      assertThrows(classOf[IllegalArgumentException], () => KafkaConfig.fromProps(props)).getMessage)
+  }
+
   @Test
   def testMigrationEnabledKRaftMode(): Unit = {
     val props = new Properties()