diff --git a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java
index 14e327208f7..cfa50d402a2 100644
--- a/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java
+++ b/raft/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderState.java
@@ -101,6 +101,10 @@ public class LeaderState<T> implements EpochState {
      * @return the remainingMs before the checkQuorumTimer expired
      */
     public long timeUntilCheckQuorumExpires(long currentTimeMs) {
+        // if there's only 1 voter, it should never get expired.
+        if (voterStates.size() == 1) {
+            return Long.MAX_VALUE;
+        }
         checkQuorumTimer.update(currentTimeMs);
         long remainingMs = checkQuorumTimer.remainingMs();
         if (remainingMs == 0) {
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java
index 6d714daa11b..51a5938220f 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/KafkaRaftClientTest.java
@@ -539,6 +539,22 @@ public class KafkaRaftClientTest {
         context.assertResignedLeader(epoch, localId);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testLeaderShouldNotResignLeadershipIfOnlyOneVoters() throws Exception {
+        int localId = 0;
+        Set<Integer> voters = Utils.mkSet(localId);
+
+        RaftClientTestContext context = new RaftClientTestContext.Builder(localId, voters).build();
+        assertEquals(OptionalInt.of(localId), context.currentLeader());
+
+        // checkQuorum timeout is expired without receiving fetch request from other voters, but since there is only 1 voter,
+        // the leader should not get resigned
+        context.time.sleep(context.checkQuorumTimeoutMs);
+        context.client.poll();
+
+        assertFalse(context.client.quorum().isResigned());
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testElectionTimeoutAfterUserInitiatedResign() throws Exception {
         int localId = 0;
diff --git a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java
index 97d290fa347..12cb2ffef20 100644
--- a/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java
+++ b/raft/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/raft/LeaderStateTest.java
@@ -489,6 +489,22 @@ public class LeaderStateTest {
         assertEquals(0, state.timeUntilCheckQuorumExpires(time.milliseconds()));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckQuorumWithOneVoter() {
+        int observer = 1;
+        // Only 1 voter quorum
+        LeaderState<?> state = newLeaderState(mkSet(localId), 0L);
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, state.timeUntilCheckQuorumExpires(time.milliseconds()));
+
+        // When checkQuorum timeout not exceeded and got no fetch request from voter, it should not expire the timer
+        time.sleep(checkQuorumTimeoutMs);
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, state.timeUntilCheckQuorumExpires(time.milliseconds()));
+
+        // received fetch requests from 1 observer node, the timer still return Long.MAX_VALUE.
+        state.updateCheckQuorumForFollowingVoter(observer, time.milliseconds());
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, state.timeUntilCheckQuorumExpires(time.milliseconds()));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testNoOpForNegativeRemoteNodeId() {
         MockTime time = new MockTime();