kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/kubelet_pods.go

/*
Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package kubelet

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1"
	utilpod "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1/pod"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1/validation"
	metav1 "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/fieldpath"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/cm"
	kubecontainer "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/container"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/envvars"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/images"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/server/remotecommand"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/status"
	kubetypes "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/types"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/util/format"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/labels"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/types"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/term"
	utilvalidation "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/validation"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/validation/field"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/volume"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/volume/util/volumehelper"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/third_party/forked/golang/expansion"
)

// Get a list of pods that have data directories.
func (kl *Kubelet) listPodsFromDisk() ([]types.UID, error) {
	podInfos, err := ioutil.ReadDir(kl.getPodsDir())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	pods := []types.UID{}
	for i := range podInfos {
		if podInfos[i].IsDir() {
			pods = append(pods, types.UID(podInfos[i].Name()))
		}
	}
	return pods, nil
}

// getActivePods returns non-terminal pods
func (kl *Kubelet) getActivePods() []*v1.Pod {
	allPods := kl.podManager.GetPods()
	activePods := kl.filterOutTerminatedPods(allPods)
	return activePods
}

// makeDevices determines the devices for the given container.
// Experimental. For now, we hardcode /dev/nvidia0 no matter what the user asks for
// (we only support one device per node).
// TODO: add support for more than 1 GPU after #28216.
func makeDevices(container *v1.Container) []kubecontainer.DeviceInfo {
	nvidiaGPULimit := container.Resources.Limits.NvidiaGPU()
	if nvidiaGPULimit.Value() != 0 {
		return []kubecontainer.DeviceInfo{
			{PathOnHost: "/dev/nvidia0", PathInContainer: "/dev/nvidia0", Permissions: "mrw"},
			{PathOnHost: "/dev/nvidiactl", PathInContainer: "/dev/nvidiactl", Permissions: "mrw"},
			{PathOnHost: "/dev/nvidia-uvm", PathInContainer: "/dev/nvidia-uvm", Permissions: "mrw"},
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// makeMounts determines the mount points for the given container.
func makeMounts(pod *v1.Pod, podDir string, container *v1.Container, hostName, hostDomain, podIP string, podVolumes kubecontainer.VolumeMap) ([]kubecontainer.Mount, error) {
	// Kubernetes only mounts on /etc/hosts if :
	// - container does not use hostNetwork and
	// - container is not an infrastructure(pause) container
	// - container is not already mounting on /etc/hosts
	// When the pause container is being created, its IP is still unknown. Hence, PodIP will not have been set.
	// OS is not Windows
	mountEtcHostsFile := (pod.Spec.SecurityContext == nil || !pod.Spec.HostNetwork) && len(podIP) > 0 && runtime.GOOS != "windows"
	glog.V(3).Infof("container: %v/%v/%v podIP: %q creating hosts mount: %v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, container.Name, podIP, mountEtcHostsFile)
	mounts := []kubecontainer.Mount{}
	for _, mount := range container.VolumeMounts {
		mountEtcHostsFile = mountEtcHostsFile && (mount.MountPath != etcHostsPath)
		vol, ok := podVolumes[mount.Name]
		if !ok {
			glog.Warningf("Mount cannot be satisfied for container %q, because the volume is missing: %q", container.Name, mount)
			continue
		}

		relabelVolume := false
		// If the volume supports SELinux and it has not been
		// relabeled already and it is not a read-only volume,
		// relabel it and mark it as labeled
		if vol.Mounter.GetAttributes().Managed && vol.Mounter.GetAttributes().SupportsSELinux && !vol.SELinuxLabeled {
			vol.SELinuxLabeled = true
			relabelVolume = true
		}
		hostPath, err := volume.GetPath(vol.Mounter)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if mount.SubPath != "" {
			hostPath = filepath.Join(hostPath, mount.SubPath)
		}

		// Docker Volume Mounts fail on Windows if it is not of the form C:/
		containerPath := mount.MountPath
		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
			if strings.HasPrefix(hostPath, "/") && !strings.Contains(hostPath, ":") {
				hostPath = "c:" + hostPath
			}
			if strings.HasPrefix(containerPath, "/") && !strings.Contains(containerPath, ":") {
				containerPath = "c:" + containerPath
			}
		}

		mounts = append(mounts, kubecontainer.Mount{
			Name:           mount.Name,
			ContainerPath:  containerPath,
			HostPath:       hostPath,
			ReadOnly:       mount.ReadOnly,
			SELinuxRelabel: relabelVolume,
		})
	}
	if mountEtcHostsFile {
		hostsMount, err := makeHostsMount(podDir, podIP, hostName, hostDomain)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		mounts = append(mounts, *hostsMount)
	}
	return mounts, nil
}

// makeHostsMount makes the mountpoint for the hosts file that the containers
// in a pod are injected with.
func makeHostsMount(podDir, podIP, hostName, hostDomainName string) (*kubecontainer.Mount, error) {
	hostsFilePath := path.Join(podDir, "etc-hosts")
	if err := ensureHostsFile(hostsFilePath, podIP, hostName, hostDomainName); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &kubecontainer.Mount{
		Name:           "k8s-managed-etc-hosts",
		ContainerPath:  etcHostsPath,
		HostPath:       hostsFilePath,
		ReadOnly:       false,
		SELinuxRelabel: true,
	}, nil
}

// ensureHostsFile ensures that the given host file has an up-to-date ip, host
// name, and domain name.
func ensureHostsFile(fileName, hostIP, hostName, hostDomainName string) error {
	if _, err := os.Stat(fileName); os.IsExist(err) {
		glog.V(4).Infof("kubernetes-managed etc-hosts file exits. Will not be recreated: %q", fileName)
		return nil
	}
	var buffer bytes.Buffer
	buffer.WriteString("# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.\n")
	buffer.WriteString("127.0.0.1\tlocalhost\n")                      // ipv4 localhost
	buffer.WriteString("::1\tlocalhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n") // ipv6 localhost
	buffer.WriteString("fe00::0\tip6-localnet\n")
	buffer.WriteString("fe00::0\tip6-mcastprefix\n")
	buffer.WriteString("fe00::1\tip6-allnodes\n")
	buffer.WriteString("fe00::2\tip6-allrouters\n")
	if len(hostDomainName) > 0 {
		buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s.%s\t%s\n", hostIP, hostName, hostDomainName, hostName))
	} else {
		buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s\n", hostIP, hostName))
	}
	return ioutil.WriteFile(fileName, buffer.Bytes(), 0644)
}

func makePortMappings(container *v1.Container) (ports []kubecontainer.PortMapping) {
	names := make(map[string]struct{})
	for _, p := range container.Ports {
		pm := kubecontainer.PortMapping{
			HostPort:      int(p.HostPort),
			ContainerPort: int(p.ContainerPort),
			Protocol:      p.Protocol,
			HostIP:        p.HostIP,
		}

		// We need to create some default port name if it's not specified, since
		// this is necessary for rkt.
		// http://issue.k8s.io/7710
		if p.Name == "" {
			pm.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s:%d", container.Name, p.Protocol, p.ContainerPort)
		} else {
			pm.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", container.Name, p.Name)
		}

		// Protect against exposing the same protocol-port more than once in a container.
		if _, ok := names[pm.Name]; ok {
			glog.Warningf("Port name conflicted, %q is defined more than once", pm.Name)
			continue
		}
		ports = append(ports, pm)
		names[pm.Name] = struct{}{}
	}
	return
}

// truncatePodHostnameIfNeeded truncates the pod hostname if it's longer than 63 chars.
func truncatePodHostnameIfNeeded(podName, hostname string) (string, error) {
	// Cap hostname at 63 chars (specification is 64bytes which is 63 chars and the null terminating char).
	const hostnameMaxLen = 63
	if len(hostname) <= hostnameMaxLen {
		return hostname, nil
	}
	truncated := hostname[:hostnameMaxLen]
	glog.Errorf("hostname for pod:%q was longer than %d. Truncated hostname to :%q", podName, hostnameMaxLen, truncated)
	// hostname should not end with '-' or '.'
	truncated = strings.TrimRight(truncated, "-.")
	if len(truncated) == 0 {
		// This should never happen.
		return "", fmt.Errorf("hostname for pod %q was invalid: %q", podName, hostname)
	}
	return truncated, nil
}

// GeneratePodHostNameAndDomain creates a hostname and domain name for a pod,
// given that pod's spec and annotations or returns an error.
func (kl *Kubelet) GeneratePodHostNameAndDomain(pod *v1.Pod) (string, string, error) {
	// TODO(vmarmol): Handle better.
	clusterDomain := kl.clusterDomain
	podAnnotations := pod.Annotations
	if podAnnotations == nil {
		podAnnotations = make(map[string]string)
	}
	hostname := pod.Name
	if len(pod.Spec.Hostname) > 0 {
		if msgs := utilvalidation.IsDNS1123Label(pod.Spec.Hostname); len(msgs) != 0 {
			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("Pod Hostname %q is not a valid DNS label: %s", pod.Spec.Hostname, strings.Join(msgs, ";"))
		}
		hostname = pod.Spec.Hostname
	} else {
		hostnameCandidate := podAnnotations[utilpod.PodHostnameAnnotation]
		if len(utilvalidation.IsDNS1123Label(hostnameCandidate)) == 0 {
			// use hostname annotation, if specified.
			hostname = hostnameCandidate
		}
	}
	hostname, err := truncatePodHostnameIfNeeded(pod.Name, hostname)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", err
	}

	hostDomain := ""
	if len(pod.Spec.Subdomain) > 0 {
		if msgs := utilvalidation.IsDNS1123Label(pod.Spec.Subdomain); len(msgs) != 0 {
			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("Pod Subdomain %q is not a valid DNS label: %s", pod.Spec.Subdomain, strings.Join(msgs, ";"))
		}
		hostDomain = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s.svc.%s", pod.Spec.Subdomain, pod.Namespace, clusterDomain)
	} else {
		subdomainCandidate := pod.Annotations[utilpod.PodSubdomainAnnotation]
		if len(utilvalidation.IsDNS1123Label(subdomainCandidate)) == 0 {
			hostDomain = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s.svc.%s", subdomainCandidate, pod.Namespace, clusterDomain)
		}
	}
	return hostname, hostDomain, nil
}

// GenerateRunContainerOptions generates the RunContainerOptions, which can be used by
// the container runtime to set parameters for launching a container.
func (kl *Kubelet) GenerateRunContainerOptions(pod *v1.Pod, container *v1.Container, podIP string) (*kubecontainer.RunContainerOptions, error) {
	var err error
	pcm := kl.containerManager.NewPodContainerManager()
	_, podContainerName := pcm.GetPodContainerName(pod)
	opts := &kubecontainer.RunContainerOptions{CgroupParent: podContainerName}
	hostname, hostDomainName, err := kl.GeneratePodHostNameAndDomain(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	opts.Hostname = hostname
	podName := volumehelper.GetUniquePodName(pod)
	volumes := kl.volumeManager.GetMountedVolumesForPod(podName)

	opts.PortMappings = makePortMappings(container)
	opts.Devices = makeDevices(container)

	opts.Mounts, err = makeMounts(pod, kl.getPodDir(pod.UID), container, hostname, hostDomainName, podIP, volumes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	opts.Envs, err = kl.makeEnvironmentVariables(pod, container, podIP)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Disabling adding TerminationMessagePath on Windows as these files would be mounted as docker volume and
	// Docker for Windows has a bug where only directories can be mounted
	if len(container.TerminationMessagePath) != 0 && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
		p := kl.getPodContainerDir(pod.UID, container.Name)
		if err := os.MkdirAll(p, 0750); err != nil {
			glog.Errorf("Error on creating %q: %v", p, err)
		} else {
			opts.PodContainerDir = p
		}
	}

	opts.DNS, opts.DNSSearch, err = kl.GetClusterDNS(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// only do this check if the experimental behavior is enabled, otherwise allow it to default to false
	if kl.experimentalHostUserNamespaceDefaulting {
		opts.EnableHostUserNamespace = kl.enableHostUserNamespace(pod)
	}

	return opts, nil
}

var masterServices = sets.NewString("kubernetes")

// getServiceEnvVarMap makes a map[string]string of env vars for services a
// pod in namespace ns should see.
func (kl *Kubelet) getServiceEnvVarMap(ns string) (map[string]string, error) {
	var (
		serviceMap = make(map[string]*v1.Service)
		m          = make(map[string]string)
	)

	// Get all service resources from the master (via a cache),
	// and populate them into service environment variables.
	if kl.serviceLister == nil {
		// Kubelets without masters (e.g. plain GCE ContainerVM) don't set env vars.
		return m, nil
	}
	services, err := kl.serviceLister.List(labels.Everything())
	if err != nil {
		return m, fmt.Errorf("failed to list services when setting up env vars.")
	}

	// project the services in namespace ns onto the master services
	for i := range services {
		service := services[i]
		// ignore services where ClusterIP is "None" or empty
		if !v1.IsServiceIPSet(service) {
			continue
		}
		serviceName := service.Name

		switch service.Namespace {
		// for the case whether the master service namespace is the namespace the pod
		// is in, the pod should receive all the services in the namespace.
		//
		// ordering of the case clauses below enforces this
		case ns:
			serviceMap[serviceName] = service
		case kl.masterServiceNamespace:
			if masterServices.Has(serviceName) {
				if _, exists := serviceMap[serviceName]; !exists {
					serviceMap[serviceName] = service
				}
			}
		}
	}

	mappedServices := []*v1.Service{}
	for key := range serviceMap {
		mappedServices = append(mappedServices, serviceMap[key])
	}

	for _, e := range envvars.FromServices(mappedServices) {
		m[e.Name] = e.Value
	}
	return m, nil
}

// Make the environment variables for a pod in the given namespace.
func (kl *Kubelet) makeEnvironmentVariables(pod *v1.Pod, container *v1.Container, podIP string) ([]kubecontainer.EnvVar, error) {
	var result []kubecontainer.EnvVar
	// Note:  These are added to the docker Config, but are not included in the checksum computed
	// by dockertools.BuildDockerName(...).  That way, we can still determine whether an
	// v1.Container is already running by its hash. (We don't want to restart a container just
	// because some service changed.)
	//
	// Note that there is a race between Kubelet seeing the pod and kubelet seeing the service.
	// To avoid this users can: (1) wait between starting a service and starting; or (2) detect
	// missing service env var and exit and be restarted; or (3) use DNS instead of env vars
	// and keep trying to resolve the DNS name of the service (recommended).
	serviceEnv, err := kl.getServiceEnvVarMap(pod.Namespace)
	if err != nil {
		return result, err
	}

	// Determine the final values of variables:
	//
	// 1.  Determine the final value of each variable:
	//     a.  If the variable's Value is set, expand the `$(var)` references to other
	//         variables in the .Value field; the sources of variables are the declared
	//         variables of the container and the service environment variables
	//     b.  If a source is defined for an environment variable, resolve the source
	// 2.  Create the container's environment in the order variables are declared
	// 3.  Add remaining service environment vars
	var (
		tmpEnv      = make(map[string]string)
		configMaps  = make(map[string]*v1.ConfigMap)
		secrets     = make(map[string]*v1.Secret)
		mappingFunc = expansion.MappingFuncFor(tmpEnv, serviceEnv)
	)
	for _, envVar := range container.Env {
		// Accesses apiserver+Pods.
		// So, the master may set service env vars, or kubelet may.  In case both are doing
		// it, we delete the key from the kubelet-generated ones so we don't have duplicate
		// env vars.
		// TODO: remove this net line once all platforms use apiserver+Pods.
		delete(serviceEnv, envVar.Name)

		runtimeVal := envVar.Value
		if runtimeVal != "" {
			// Step 1a: expand variable references
			runtimeVal = expansion.Expand(runtimeVal, mappingFunc)
		} else if envVar.ValueFrom != nil {
			// Step 1b: resolve alternate env var sources
			switch {
			case envVar.ValueFrom.FieldRef != nil:
				runtimeVal, err = kl.podFieldSelectorRuntimeValue(envVar.ValueFrom.FieldRef, pod, podIP)
				if err != nil {
					return result, err
				}
			case envVar.ValueFrom.ResourceFieldRef != nil:
				defaultedPod, defaultedContainer, err := kl.defaultPodLimitsForDownwardApi(pod, container)
				if err != nil {
					return result, err
				}
				runtimeVal, err = containerResourceRuntimeValue(envVar.ValueFrom.ResourceFieldRef, defaultedPod, defaultedContainer)
				if err != nil {
					return result, err
				}
			case envVar.ValueFrom.ConfigMapKeyRef != nil:
				name := envVar.ValueFrom.ConfigMapKeyRef.Name
				key := envVar.ValueFrom.ConfigMapKeyRef.Key
				configMap, ok := configMaps[name]
				if !ok {
					if kl.kubeClient == nil {
						return result, fmt.Errorf("Couldn't get configMap %v/%v, no kubeClient defined", pod.Namespace, name)
					}
					configMap, err = kl.kubeClient.Core().ConfigMaps(pod.Namespace).Get(name)
					if err != nil {
						return result, err
					}
					configMaps[name] = configMap
				}
				runtimeVal, ok = configMap.Data[key]
				if !ok {
					return result, fmt.Errorf("Couldn't find key %v in ConfigMap %v/%v", key, pod.Namespace, name)
				}
			case envVar.ValueFrom.SecretKeyRef != nil:
				name := envVar.ValueFrom.SecretKeyRef.Name
				key := envVar.ValueFrom.SecretKeyRef.Key
				secret, ok := secrets[name]
				if !ok {
					if kl.kubeClient == nil {
						return result, fmt.Errorf("Couldn't get secret %v/%v, no kubeClient defined", pod.Namespace, name)
					}
					secret, err = kl.kubeClient.Core().Secrets(pod.Namespace).Get(name)
					if err != nil {
						return result, err
					}
					secrets[name] = secret
				}
				runtimeValBytes, ok := secret.Data[key]
				if !ok {
					return result, fmt.Errorf("Couldn't find key %v in Secret %v/%v", key, pod.Namespace, name)
				}
				runtimeVal = string(runtimeValBytes)
			}
		}

		tmpEnv[envVar.Name] = runtimeVal
		result = append(result, kubecontainer.EnvVar{Name: envVar.Name, Value: tmpEnv[envVar.Name]})
	}

	// Append remaining service env vars.
	for k, v := range serviceEnv {
		result = append(result, kubecontainer.EnvVar{Name: k, Value: v})
	}
	return result, nil
}

// podFieldSelectorRuntimeValue returns the runtime value of the given
// selector for a pod.
func (kl *Kubelet) podFieldSelectorRuntimeValue(fs *v1.ObjectFieldSelector, pod *v1.Pod, podIP string) (string, error) {
	internalFieldPath, _, err := api.Scheme.ConvertFieldLabel(fs.APIVersion, "Pod", fs.FieldPath, "")
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	switch internalFieldPath {
	case "spec.nodeName":
		return pod.Spec.NodeName, nil
	case "spec.serviceAccountName":
		return pod.Spec.ServiceAccountName, nil
	case "status.podIP":
		return podIP, nil
	}
	return fieldpath.ExtractFieldPathAsString(pod, internalFieldPath)
}

// containerResourceRuntimeValue returns the value of the provided container resource
func containerResourceRuntimeValue(fs *v1.ResourceFieldSelector, pod *v1.Pod, container *v1.Container) (string, error) {
	containerName := fs.ContainerName
	if len(containerName) == 0 {
		return fieldpath.ExtractContainerResourceValue(fs, container)
	} else {
		return fieldpath.ExtractResourceValueByContainerName(fs, pod, containerName)
	}
}

// One of the following arguments must be non-nil: runningPod, status.
// TODO: Modify containerRuntime.KillPod() to accept the right arguments.
func (kl *Kubelet) killPod(pod *v1.Pod, runningPod *kubecontainer.Pod, status *kubecontainer.PodStatus, gracePeriodOverride *int64) error {
	var p kubecontainer.Pod
	if runningPod != nil {
		p = *runningPod
	} else if status != nil {
		p = kubecontainer.ConvertPodStatusToRunningPod(kl.GetRuntime().Type(), status)
	}

	// cache the pod cgroup Name for reducing the cpu resource limits of the pod cgroup once the pod is killed
	pcm := kl.containerManager.NewPodContainerManager()
	var podCgroup cm.CgroupName
	reduceCpuLimts := true
	if pod != nil {
		podCgroup, _ = pcm.GetPodContainerName(pod)
	} else {
		// If the pod is nil then cgroup limit must have already
		// been decreased earlier
		reduceCpuLimts = false
	}

	// Call the container runtime KillPod method which stops all running containers of the pod
	if err := kl.containerRuntime.KillPod(pod, p, gracePeriodOverride); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// At this point the pod might not completely free up cpu and memory resources.
	// In such a case deleting the pod's cgroup might cause the pod's charges to be transferred
	// to the parent cgroup. There might be various kinds of pod charges at this point.
	// For example, any volume used by the pod that was backed by memory will have its
	// pages charged to the pod cgroup until those volumes are removed by the kubelet.
	// Hence we only reduce the cpu resource limits of the pod's cgroup
	// and defer the responsibilty of destroying the pod's cgroup to the
	// cleanup method and the housekeeping loop.
	if reduceCpuLimts {
		pcm.ReduceCPULimits(podCgroup)
	}
	return nil
}

// makePodDataDirs creates the dirs for the pod datas.
func (kl *Kubelet) makePodDataDirs(pod *v1.Pod) error {
	uid := pod.UID
	if err := os.MkdirAll(kl.getPodDir(uid), 0750); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
		return err
	}
	if err := os.MkdirAll(kl.getPodVolumesDir(uid), 0750); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
		return err
	}
	if err := os.MkdirAll(kl.getPodPluginsDir(uid), 0750); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

// returns whether the pod uses the host network namespace.
func podUsesHostNetwork(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	return pod.Spec.HostNetwork
}

// getPullSecretsForPod inspects the Pod and retrieves the referenced pull
// secrets.
// TODO: duplicate secrets are being retrieved multiple times and there
// is no cache.  Creating and using a secret manager interface will make this
// easier to address.
func (kl *Kubelet) getPullSecretsForPod(pod *v1.Pod) ([]v1.Secret, error) {
	pullSecrets := []v1.Secret{}

	for _, secretRef := range pod.Spec.ImagePullSecrets {
		secret, err := kl.kubeClient.Core().Secrets(pod.Namespace).Get(secretRef.Name)
		if err != nil {
			glog.Warningf("Unable to retrieve pull secret %s/%s for %s/%s due to %v.  The image pull may not succeed.", pod.Namespace, secretRef.Name, pod.Namespace, pod.Name, err)
			continue
		}

		pullSecrets = append(pullSecrets, *secret)
	}

	return pullSecrets, nil
}

// Returns true if pod is in the terminated state ("Failed" or "Succeeded").
func (kl *Kubelet) podIsTerminated(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	var status v1.PodStatus
	// Check the cached pod status which was set after the last sync.
	status, ok := kl.statusManager.GetPodStatus(pod.UID)
	if !ok {
		// If there is no cached status, use the status from the
		// apiserver. This is useful if kubelet has recently been
		// restarted.
		status = pod.Status
	}
	if status.Phase == v1.PodFailed || status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded {
		return true
	}

	return false
}

// filterOutTerminatedPods returns the given pods which the status manager
// does not consider failed or succeeded.
func (kl *Kubelet) filterOutTerminatedPods(pods []*v1.Pod) []*v1.Pod {
	var filteredPods []*v1.Pod
	for _, p := range pods {
		if kl.podIsTerminated(p) {
			continue
		}
		filteredPods = append(filteredPods, p)
	}
	return filteredPods
}

// removeOrphanedPodStatuses removes obsolete entries in podStatus where
// the pod is no longer considered bound to this node.
func (kl *Kubelet) removeOrphanedPodStatuses(pods []*v1.Pod, mirrorPods []*v1.Pod) {
	podUIDs := make(map[types.UID]bool)
	for _, pod := range pods {
		podUIDs[pod.UID] = true
	}
	for _, pod := range mirrorPods {
		podUIDs[pod.UID] = true
	}
	kl.statusManager.RemoveOrphanedStatuses(podUIDs)
}

// HandlePodCleanups performs a series of cleanup work, including terminating
// pod workers, killing unwanted pods, and removing orphaned volumes/pod
// directories.
// NOTE: This function is executed by the main sync loop, so it
// should not contain any blocking calls.
func (kl *Kubelet) HandlePodCleanups() error {
	// The kubelet lacks checkpointing, so we need to introspect the set of pods
	// in the cgroup tree prior to inspecting the set of pods in our pod manager.
	// this ensures our view of the cgroup tree does not mistakenly observe pods
	// that are added after the fact...
	var (
		cgroupPods map[types.UID]cm.CgroupName
		err        error
	)
	if kl.cgroupsPerQOS {
		pcm := kl.containerManager.NewPodContainerManager()
		cgroupPods, err = pcm.GetAllPodsFromCgroups()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get list of pods that still exist on cgroup mounts: %v", err)
		}
	}

	allPods, mirrorPods := kl.podManager.GetPodsAndMirrorPods()
	// Pod phase progresses monotonically. Once a pod has reached a final state,
	// it should never leave regardless of the restart policy. The statuses
	// of such pods should not be changed, and there is no need to sync them.
	// TODO: the logic here does not handle two cases:
	//   1. If the containers were removed immediately after they died, kubelet
	//      may fail to generate correct statuses, let alone filtering correctly.
	//   2. If kubelet restarted before writing the terminated status for a pod
	//      to the apiserver, it could still restart the terminated pod (even
	//      though the pod was not considered terminated by the apiserver).
	// These two conditions could be alleviated by checkpointing kubelet.
	activePods := kl.filterOutTerminatedPods(allPods)

	desiredPods := make(map[types.UID]empty)
	for _, pod := range activePods {
		desiredPods[pod.UID] = empty{}
	}
	// Stop the workers for no-longer existing pods.
	// TODO: is here the best place to forget pod workers?
	kl.podWorkers.ForgetNonExistingPodWorkers(desiredPods)
	kl.probeManager.CleanupPods(activePods)

	runningPods, err := kl.runtimeCache.GetPods()
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Error listing containers: %#v", err)
		return err
	}
	for _, pod := range runningPods {
		if _, found := desiredPods[pod.ID]; !found {
			kl.podKillingCh <- &kubecontainer.PodPair{APIPod: nil, RunningPod: pod}
		}
	}

	kl.removeOrphanedPodStatuses(allPods, mirrorPods)
	// Note that we just killed the unwanted pods. This may not have reflected
	// in the cache. We need to bypass the cache to get the latest set of
	// running pods to clean up the volumes.
	// TODO: Evaluate the performance impact of bypassing the runtime cache.
	runningPods, err = kl.containerRuntime.GetPods(false)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Error listing containers: %#v", err)
		return err
	}

	// Remove any orphaned volumes.
	// Note that we pass all pods (including terminated pods) to the function,
	// so that we don't remove volumes associated with terminated but not yet
	// deleted pods.
	err = kl.cleanupOrphanedPodDirs(allPods, runningPods)
	if err != nil {
		// We want all cleanup tasks to be run even if one of them failed. So
		// we just log an error here and continue other cleanup tasks.
		// This also applies to the other clean up tasks.
		glog.Errorf("Failed cleaning up orphaned pod directories: %v", err)
	}

	// Remove any orphaned mirror pods.
	kl.podManager.DeleteOrphanedMirrorPods()

	// Clear out any old bandwidth rules
	err = kl.cleanupBandwidthLimits(allPods)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Failed cleaning up bandwidth limits: %v", err)
	}

	// Remove any cgroups in the hierarchy for pods that should no longer exist
	if kl.cgroupsPerQOS {
		kl.cleanupOrphanedPodCgroups(cgroupPods, allPods, runningPods)
	}

	kl.backOff.GC()
	return nil
}

// podKiller launches a goroutine to kill a pod received from the channel if
// another goroutine isn't already in action.
func (kl *Kubelet) podKiller() {
	killing := sets.NewString()
	resultCh := make(chan types.UID)
	defer close(resultCh)
	for {
		select {
		case podPair, ok := <-kl.podKillingCh:
			if !ok {
				return
			}

			runningPod := podPair.RunningPod
			apiPod := podPair.APIPod

			if killing.Has(string(runningPod.ID)) {
				// The pod is already being killed.
				break
			}
			killing.Insert(string(runningPod.ID))
			go func(apiPod *v1.Pod, runningPod *kubecontainer.Pod, ch chan types.UID) {
				defer func() {
					ch <- runningPod.ID
				}()
				glog.V(2).Infof("Killing unwanted pod %q", runningPod.Name)
				err := kl.killPod(apiPod, runningPod, nil, nil)
				if err != nil {
					glog.Errorf("Failed killing the pod %q: %v", runningPod.Name, err)
				}
			}(apiPod, runningPod, resultCh)

		case podID := <-resultCh:
			killing.Delete(string(podID))
		}
	}
}

// checkHostPortConflicts detects pods with conflicted host ports.
func hasHostPortConflicts(pods []*v1.Pod) bool {
	ports := sets.String{}
	for _, pod := range pods {
		if errs := validation.AccumulateUniqueHostPorts(pod.Spec.Containers, &ports, field.NewPath("spec", "containers")); len(errs) > 0 {
			glog.Errorf("Pod %q: HostPort is already allocated, ignoring: %v", format.Pod(pod), errs)
			return true
		}
		if errs := validation.AccumulateUniqueHostPorts(pod.Spec.InitContainers, &ports, field.NewPath("spec", "initContainers")); len(errs) > 0 {
			glog.Errorf("Pod %q: HostPort is already allocated, ignoring: %v", format.Pod(pod), errs)
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// validateContainerLogStatus returns the container ID for the desired container to retrieve logs for, based on the state
// of the container. The previous flag will only return the logs for the last terminated container, otherwise, the current
// running container is preferred over a previous termination. If info about the container is not available then a specific
// error is returned to the end user.
func (kl *Kubelet) validateContainerLogStatus(podName string, podStatus *v1.PodStatus, containerName string, previous bool) (containerID kubecontainer.ContainerID, err error) {
	var cID string

	cStatus, found := v1.GetContainerStatus(podStatus.ContainerStatuses, containerName)
	// if not found, check the init containers
	if !found {
		cStatus, found = v1.GetContainerStatus(podStatus.InitContainerStatuses, containerName)
	}
	if !found {
		return kubecontainer.ContainerID{}, fmt.Errorf("container %q in pod %q is not available", containerName, podName)
	}
	lastState := cStatus.LastTerminationState
	waiting, running, terminated := cStatus.State.Waiting, cStatus.State.Running, cStatus.State.Terminated

	switch {
	case previous:
		if lastState.Terminated == nil {
			return kubecontainer.ContainerID{}, fmt.Errorf("previous terminated container %q in pod %q not found", containerName, podName)
		}
		cID = lastState.Terminated.ContainerID

	case running != nil:
		cID = cStatus.ContainerID

	case terminated != nil:
		cID = terminated.ContainerID

	case lastState.Terminated != nil:
		cID = lastState.Terminated.ContainerID

	case waiting != nil:
		// output some info for the most common pending failures
		switch reason := waiting.Reason; reason {
		case images.ErrImagePull.Error():
			return kubecontainer.ContainerID{}, fmt.Errorf("container %q in pod %q is waiting to start: image can't be pulled", containerName, podName)
		case images.ErrImagePullBackOff.Error():
			return kubecontainer.ContainerID{}, fmt.Errorf("container %q in pod %q is waiting to start: trying and failing to pull image", containerName, podName)
		default:
			return kubecontainer.ContainerID{}, fmt.Errorf("container %q in pod %q is waiting to start: %v", containerName, podName, reason)
		}
	default:
		// unrecognized state
		return kubecontainer.ContainerID{}, fmt.Errorf("container %q in pod %q is waiting to start - no logs yet", containerName, podName)
	}

	return kubecontainer.ParseContainerID(cID), nil
}

// GetKubeletContainerLogs returns logs from the container
// TODO: this method is returning logs of random container attempts, when it should be returning the most recent attempt
// or all of them.
func (kl *Kubelet) GetKubeletContainerLogs(podFullName, containerName string, logOptions *v1.PodLogOptions, stdout, stderr io.Writer) error {
	// Pod workers periodically write status to statusManager. If status is not
	// cached there, something is wrong (or kubelet just restarted and hasn't
	// caught up yet). Just assume the pod is not ready yet.
	name, namespace, err := kubecontainer.ParsePodFullName(podFullName)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse pod full name %q: %v", podFullName, err)
	}

	pod, ok := kl.GetPodByName(namespace, name)
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %q cannot be found - no logs available", name)
	}

	podUID := pod.UID
	if mirrorPod, ok := kl.podManager.GetMirrorPodByPod(pod); ok {
		podUID = mirrorPod.UID
	}
	podStatus, found := kl.statusManager.GetPodStatus(podUID)
	if !found {
		// If there is no cached status, use the status from the
		// apiserver. This is useful if kubelet has recently been
		// restarted.
		podStatus = pod.Status
	}

	// TODO: Consolidate the logic here with kuberuntime.GetContainerLogs, here we convert container name to containerID,
	// but inside kuberuntime we convert container id back to container name and restart count.
	// TODO: After separate container log lifecycle management, we should get log based on the existing log files
	// instead of container status.
	containerID, err := kl.validateContainerLogStatus(pod.Name, &podStatus, containerName, logOptions.Previous)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Do a zero-byte write to stdout before handing off to the container runtime.
	// This ensures at least one Write call is made to the writer when copying starts,
	// even if we then block waiting for log output from the container.
	if _, err := stdout.Write([]byte{}); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return kl.containerRuntime.GetContainerLogs(pod, containerID, logOptions, stdout, stderr)
}

// GetPhase returns the phase of a pod given its container info.
// This func is exported to simplify integration with 3rd party kubelet
// integrations like kubernetes-mesos.
func GetPhase(spec *v1.PodSpec, info []v1.ContainerStatus) v1.PodPhase {
	initialized := 0
	pendingInitialization := 0
	failedInitialization := 0
	for _, container := range spec.InitContainers {
		containerStatus, ok := v1.GetContainerStatus(info, container.Name)
		if !ok {
			pendingInitialization++
			continue
		}

		switch {
		case containerStatus.State.Running != nil:
			pendingInitialization++
		case containerStatus.State.Terminated != nil:
			if containerStatus.State.Terminated.ExitCode == 0 {
				initialized++
			} else {
				failedInitialization++
			}
		case containerStatus.State.Waiting != nil:
			if containerStatus.LastTerminationState.Terminated != nil {
				if containerStatus.LastTerminationState.Terminated.ExitCode == 0 {
					initialized++
				} else {
					failedInitialization++
				}
			} else {
				pendingInitialization++
			}
		default:
			pendingInitialization++
		}
	}

	unknown := 0
	running := 0
	waiting := 0
	stopped := 0
	failed := 0
	succeeded := 0
	for _, container := range spec.Containers {
		containerStatus, ok := v1.GetContainerStatus(info, container.Name)
		if !ok {
			unknown++
			continue
		}

		switch {
		case containerStatus.State.Running != nil:
			running++
		case containerStatus.State.Terminated != nil:
			stopped++
			if containerStatus.State.Terminated.ExitCode == 0 {
				succeeded++
			} else {
				failed++
			}
		case containerStatus.State.Waiting != nil:
			if containerStatus.LastTerminationState.Terminated != nil {
				stopped++
			} else {
				waiting++
			}
		default:
			unknown++
		}
	}

	if failedInitialization > 0 && spec.RestartPolicy == v1.RestartPolicyNever {
		return v1.PodFailed
	}

	switch {
	case pendingInitialization > 0:
		fallthrough
	case waiting > 0:
		glog.V(5).Infof("pod waiting > 0, pending")
		// One or more containers has not been started
		return v1.PodPending
	case running > 0 && unknown == 0:
		// All containers have been started, and at least
		// one container is running
		return v1.PodRunning
	case running == 0 && stopped > 0 && unknown == 0:
		// All containers are terminated
		if spec.RestartPolicy == v1.RestartPolicyAlways {
			// All containers are in the process of restarting
			return v1.PodRunning
		}
		if stopped == succeeded {
			// RestartPolicy is not Always, and all
			// containers are terminated in success
			return v1.PodSucceeded
		}
		if spec.RestartPolicy == v1.RestartPolicyNever {
			// RestartPolicy is Never, and all containers are
			// terminated with at least one in failure
			return v1.PodFailed
		}
		// RestartPolicy is OnFailure, and at least one in failure
		// and in the process of restarting
		return v1.PodRunning
	default:
		glog.V(5).Infof("pod default case, pending")
		return v1.PodPending
	}
}

// generateAPIPodStatus creates the final API pod status for a pod, given the
// internal pod status.
func (kl *Kubelet) generateAPIPodStatus(pod *v1.Pod, podStatus *kubecontainer.PodStatus) v1.PodStatus {
	glog.V(3).Infof("Generating status for %q", format.Pod(pod))

	// check if an internal module has requested the pod is evicted.
	for _, podSyncHandler := range kl.PodSyncHandlers {
		if result := podSyncHandler.ShouldEvict(pod); result.Evict {
			return v1.PodStatus{
				Phase:   v1.PodFailed,
				Reason:  result.Reason,
				Message: result.Message,
			}
		}
	}

	s := kl.convertStatusToAPIStatus(pod, podStatus)

	// Assume info is ready to process
	spec := &pod.Spec
	allStatus := append(append([]v1.ContainerStatus{}, s.ContainerStatuses...), s.InitContainerStatuses...)
	s.Phase = GetPhase(spec, allStatus)
	kl.probeManager.UpdatePodStatus(pod.UID, s)
	s.Conditions = append(s.Conditions, status.GeneratePodInitializedCondition(spec, s.InitContainerStatuses, s.Phase))
	s.Conditions = append(s.Conditions, status.GeneratePodReadyCondition(spec, s.ContainerStatuses, s.Phase))
	// s (the PodStatus we are creating) will not have a PodScheduled condition yet, because converStatusToAPIStatus()
	// does not create one. If the existing PodStatus has a PodScheduled condition, then copy it into s and make sure
	// it is set to true. If the existing PodStatus does not have a PodScheduled condition, then create one that is set to true.
	if _, oldPodScheduled := v1.GetPodCondition(&pod.Status, v1.PodScheduled); oldPodScheduled != nil {
		s.Conditions = append(s.Conditions, *oldPodScheduled)
	}
	v1.UpdatePodCondition(&pod.Status, &v1.PodCondition{
		Type:   v1.PodScheduled,
		Status: v1.ConditionTrue,
	})

	if !kl.standaloneMode {
		hostIP, err := kl.getHostIPAnyWay()
		if err != nil {
			glog.V(4).Infof("Cannot get host IP: %v", err)
		} else {
			s.HostIP = hostIP.String()
			if podUsesHostNetwork(pod) && s.PodIP == "" {
				s.PodIP = hostIP.String()
			}
		}
	}

	return *s
}

// convertStatusToAPIStatus creates an api PodStatus for the given pod from
// the given internal pod status.  It is purely transformative and does not
// alter the kubelet state at all.
func (kl *Kubelet) convertStatusToAPIStatus(pod *v1.Pod, podStatus *kubecontainer.PodStatus) *v1.PodStatus {
	var apiPodStatus v1.PodStatus
	apiPodStatus.PodIP = podStatus.IP

	apiPodStatus.ContainerStatuses = kl.convertToAPIContainerStatuses(
		pod, podStatus,
		pod.Status.ContainerStatuses,
		pod.Spec.Containers,
		len(pod.Spec.InitContainers) > 0,
		false,
	)
	apiPodStatus.InitContainerStatuses = kl.convertToAPIContainerStatuses(
		pod, podStatus,
		pod.Status.InitContainerStatuses,
		pod.Spec.InitContainers,
		len(pod.Spec.InitContainers) > 0,
		true,
	)

	return &apiPodStatus
}

// convertToAPIContainerStatuses converts the given internal container
// statuses into API container statuses.
func (kl *Kubelet) convertToAPIContainerStatuses(pod *v1.Pod, podStatus *kubecontainer.PodStatus, previousStatus []v1.ContainerStatus, containers []v1.Container, hasInitContainers, isInitContainer bool) []v1.ContainerStatus {
	convertContainerStatus := func(cs *kubecontainer.ContainerStatus) *v1.ContainerStatus {
		cid := cs.ID.String()
		status := &v1.ContainerStatus{
			Name:         cs.Name,
			RestartCount: int32(cs.RestartCount),
			Image:        cs.Image,
			ImageID:      cs.ImageID,
			ContainerID:  cid,
		}
		switch cs.State {
		case kubecontainer.ContainerStateRunning:
			status.State.Running = &v1.ContainerStateRunning{StartedAt: metav1.NewTime(cs.StartedAt)}
		case kubecontainer.ContainerStateExited:
			status.State.Terminated = &v1.ContainerStateTerminated{
				ExitCode:    int32(cs.ExitCode),
				Reason:      cs.Reason,
				Message:     cs.Message,
				StartedAt:   metav1.NewTime(cs.StartedAt),
				FinishedAt:  metav1.NewTime(cs.FinishedAt),
				ContainerID: cid,
			}
		default:
			status.State.Waiting = &v1.ContainerStateWaiting{}
		}
		return status
	}

	// Fetch old containers statuses from old pod status.
	oldStatuses := make(map[string]v1.ContainerStatus, len(containers))
	for _, status := range previousStatus {
		oldStatuses[status.Name] = status
	}

	// Set all container statuses to default waiting state
	statuses := make(map[string]*v1.ContainerStatus, len(containers))
	defaultWaitingState := v1.ContainerState{Waiting: &v1.ContainerStateWaiting{Reason: "ContainerCreating"}}
	if hasInitContainers {
		defaultWaitingState = v1.ContainerState{Waiting: &v1.ContainerStateWaiting{Reason: "PodInitializing"}}
	}

	for _, container := range containers {
		status := &v1.ContainerStatus{
			Name:  container.Name,
			Image: container.Image,
			State: defaultWaitingState,
		}
		// Apply some values from the old statuses as the default values.
		if oldStatus, found := oldStatuses[container.Name]; found {
			status.RestartCount = oldStatus.RestartCount
			status.LastTerminationState = oldStatus.LastTerminationState
		}
		statuses[container.Name] = status
	}

	// Make the latest container status comes first.
	sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(kubecontainer.SortContainerStatusesByCreationTime(podStatus.ContainerStatuses)))
	// Set container statuses according to the statuses seen in pod status
	containerSeen := map[string]int{}
	for _, cStatus := range podStatus.ContainerStatuses {
		cName := cStatus.Name
		if _, ok := statuses[cName]; !ok {
			// This would also ignore the infra container.
			continue
		}
		if containerSeen[cName] >= 2 {
			continue
		}
		status := convertContainerStatus(cStatus)
		if containerSeen[cName] == 0 {
			statuses[cName] = status
		} else {
			statuses[cName].LastTerminationState = status.State
		}
		containerSeen[cName] = containerSeen[cName] + 1
	}

	// Handle the containers failed to be started, which should be in Waiting state.
	for _, container := range containers {
		if isInitContainer {
			// If the init container is terminated with exit code 0, it won't be restarted.
			// TODO(random-liu): Handle this in a cleaner way.
			s := podStatus.FindContainerStatusByName(container.Name)
			if s != nil && s.State == kubecontainer.ContainerStateExited && s.ExitCode == 0 {
				continue
			}
		}
		// If a container should be restarted in next syncpod, it is *Waiting*.
		if !kubecontainer.ShouldContainerBeRestarted(&container, pod, podStatus) {
			continue
		}
		status := statuses[container.Name]
		reason, message, ok := kl.reasonCache.Get(pod.UID, container.Name)
		if !ok {
			// In fact, we could also apply Waiting state here, but it is less informative,
			// and the container will be restarted soon, so we prefer the original state here.
			// Note that with the current implementation of ShouldContainerBeRestarted the original state here
			// could be:
			//   * Waiting: There is no associated historical container and start failure reason record.
			//   * Terminated: The container is terminated.
			continue
		}
		if status.State.Terminated != nil {
			status.LastTerminationState = status.State
		}
		status.State = v1.ContainerState{
			Waiting: &v1.ContainerStateWaiting{
				Reason:  reason.Error(),
				Message: message,
			},
		}
		statuses[container.Name] = status
	}

	var containerStatuses []v1.ContainerStatus
	for _, status := range statuses {
		containerStatuses = append(containerStatuses, *status)
	}

	// Sort the container statuses since clients of this interface expect the list
	// of containers in a pod has a deterministic order.
	if isInitContainer {
		kubetypes.SortInitContainerStatuses(pod, containerStatuses)
	} else {
		sort.Sort(kubetypes.SortedContainerStatuses(containerStatuses))
	}
	return containerStatuses
}

// Returns logs of current machine.
func (kl *Kubelet) ServeLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
	// TODO: whitelist logs we are willing to serve
	kl.logServer.ServeHTTP(w, req)
}

// findContainer finds and returns the container with the given pod ID, full name, and container name.
// It returns nil if not found.
func (kl *Kubelet) findContainer(podFullName string, podUID types.UID, containerName string) (*kubecontainer.Container, error) {
	pods, err := kl.containerRuntime.GetPods(false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	podUID = kl.podManager.TranslatePodUID(podUID)
	pod := kubecontainer.Pods(pods).FindPod(podFullName, podUID)
	return pod.FindContainerByName(containerName), nil
}

// Run a command in a container, returns the combined stdout, stderr as an array of bytes
func (kl *Kubelet) RunInContainer(podFullName string, podUID types.UID, containerName string, cmd []string) ([]byte, error) {
	container, err := kl.findContainer(podFullName, podUID, containerName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if container == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container not found (%q)", containerName)
	}
	// TODO(timstclair): Pass a proper timeout value.
	return kl.runner.RunInContainer(container.ID, cmd, 0)
}

// ExecInContainer executes a command in a container, connecting the supplied
// stdin/stdout/stderr to the command's IO streams.
func (kl *Kubelet) ExecInContainer(podFullName string, podUID types.UID, containerName string, cmd []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout, stderr io.WriteCloser, tty bool, resize <-chan term.Size, timeout time.Duration) error {
	streamingRuntime, ok := kl.containerRuntime.(kubecontainer.DirectStreamingRuntime)
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("streaming methods not supported by runtime")
	}

	container, err := kl.findContainer(podFullName, podUID, containerName)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if container == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("container not found (%q)", containerName)
	}
	return streamingRuntime.ExecInContainer(container.ID, cmd, stdin, stdout, stderr, tty, resize, timeout)
}

// AttachContainer uses the container runtime to attach the given streams to
// the given container.
func (kl *Kubelet) AttachContainer(podFullName string, podUID types.UID, containerName string, stdin io.Reader, stdout, stderr io.WriteCloser, tty bool, resize <-chan term.Size) error {
	streamingRuntime, ok := kl.containerRuntime.(kubecontainer.DirectStreamingRuntime)
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("streaming methods not supported by runtime")
	}

	container, err := kl.findContainer(podFullName, podUID, containerName)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if container == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("container not found (%q)", containerName)
	}
	return streamingRuntime.AttachContainer(container.ID, stdin, stdout, stderr, tty, resize)
}

// PortForward connects to the pod's port and copies data between the port
// and the stream.
func (kl *Kubelet) PortForward(podFullName string, podUID types.UID, port uint16, stream io.ReadWriteCloser) error {
	streamingRuntime, ok := kl.containerRuntime.(kubecontainer.DirectStreamingRuntime)
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("streaming methods not supported by runtime")
	}

	pods, err := kl.containerRuntime.GetPods(false)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	podUID = kl.podManager.TranslatePodUID(podUID)
	pod := kubecontainer.Pods(pods).FindPod(podFullName, podUID)
	if pod.IsEmpty() {
		return fmt.Errorf("pod not found (%q)", podFullName)
	}
	return streamingRuntime.PortForward(&pod, port, stream)
}

// GetExec gets the URL the exec will be served from, or nil if the Kubelet will serve it.
func (kl *Kubelet) GetExec(podFullName string, podUID types.UID, containerName string, cmd []string, streamOpts remotecommand.Options) (*url.URL, error) {
	switch streamingRuntime := kl.containerRuntime.(type) {
	case kubecontainer.DirectStreamingRuntime:
		// Kubelet will serve the exec directly.
		return nil, nil
	case kubecontainer.IndirectStreamingRuntime:
		container, err := kl.findContainer(podFullName, podUID, containerName)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if container == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("container not found (%q)", containerName)
		}
		return streamingRuntime.GetExec(container.ID, cmd, streamOpts.Stdin, streamOpts.Stdout, streamOpts.Stderr, streamOpts.TTY)
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container runtime does not support exec")
	}
}

// GetAttach gets the URL the attach will be served from, or nil if the Kubelet will serve it.
func (kl *Kubelet) GetAttach(podFullName string, podUID types.UID, containerName string, streamOpts remotecommand.Options) (*url.URL, error) {
	switch streamingRuntime := kl.containerRuntime.(type) {
	case kubecontainer.DirectStreamingRuntime:
		// Kubelet will serve the attach directly.
		return nil, nil
	case kubecontainer.IndirectStreamingRuntime:
		container, err := kl.findContainer(podFullName, podUID, containerName)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if container == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("container %s not found in pod %s", containerName, podFullName)
		}

		// The TTY setting for attach must match the TTY setting in the initial container configuration,
		// since whether the process is running in a TTY cannot be changed after it has started.  We
		// need the api.Pod to get the TTY status.
		pod, found := kl.GetPodByFullName(podFullName)
		if !found || (string(podUID) != "" && pod.UID != podUID) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("pod %s not found", podFullName)
		}
		containerSpec := kubecontainer.GetContainerSpec(pod, containerName)
		if containerSpec == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("container %s not found in pod %s", containerName, podFullName)
		}
		tty := containerSpec.TTY

		return streamingRuntime.GetAttach(container.ID, streamOpts.Stdin, streamOpts.Stdout, streamOpts.Stderr, tty)
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container runtime does not support attach")
	}
}

// GetPortForward gets the URL the port-forward will be served from, or nil if the Kubelet will serve it.
func (kl *Kubelet) GetPortForward(podName, podNamespace string, podUID types.UID) (*url.URL, error) {
	switch streamingRuntime := kl.containerRuntime.(type) {
	case kubecontainer.DirectStreamingRuntime:
		// Kubelet will serve the attach directly.
		return nil, nil
	case kubecontainer.IndirectStreamingRuntime:
		pods, err := kl.containerRuntime.GetPods(false)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		podUID = kl.podManager.TranslatePodUID(podUID)
		podFullName := kubecontainer.BuildPodFullName(podName, podNamespace)
		pod := kubecontainer.Pods(pods).FindPod(podFullName, podUID)
		if pod.IsEmpty() {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("pod not found (%q)", podFullName)
		}

		return streamingRuntime.GetPortForward(podName, podNamespace, podUID)
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container runtime does not support port-forward")
	}
}

// cleanupOrphanedPodCgroups removes the Cgroups of pods that should not be
// running and whose volumes have been cleaned up.
func (kl *Kubelet) cleanupOrphanedPodCgroups(
	cgroupPods map[types.UID]cm.CgroupName,
	pods []*v1.Pod, runningPods []*kubecontainer.Pod) error {
	// Add all running and existing terminated pods to a set allPods
	allPods := sets.NewString()
	for _, pod := range pods {
		allPods.Insert(string(pod.UID))
	}
	for _, pod := range runningPods {
		allPods.Insert(string(pod.ID))
	}

	pcm := kl.containerManager.NewPodContainerManager()

	// Iterate over all the found pods to verify if they should be running
	for uid, val := range cgroupPods {
		if allPods.Has(string(uid)) {
			continue
		}

		// If volumes have not been unmounted/detached, do not delete the cgroup in case so the charge does not go to the parent.
		if podVolumesExist := kl.podVolumesExist(uid); podVolumesExist {
			glog.V(3).Infof("Orphaned pod %q found, but volumes are not cleaned up, Skipping cgroups deletion: %v", uid)
			continue
		}
		glog.V(3).Infof("Orphaned pod %q found, removing pod cgroups", uid)
		// Destroy all cgroups of pod that should not be running,
		// by first killing all the attached processes to these cgroups.
		// We ignore errors thrown by the method, as the housekeeping loop would
		// again try to delete these unwanted pod cgroups
		go pcm.Destroy(val)
	}
	return nil
}

// enableHostUserNamespace determines if the host user namespace should be used by the container runtime.
// Returns true if the pod is using a host pid, pic, or network namespace, the pod is using a non-namespaced
// capability, the pod contains a privileged container, or the pod has a host path volume.
//
// NOTE: when if a container shares any namespace with another container it must also share the user namespace
// or it will not have the correct capabilities in the namespace.  This means that host user namespace
// is enabled per pod, not per container.
func (kl *Kubelet) enableHostUserNamespace(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	if hasPrivilegedContainer(pod) || hasHostNamespace(pod) ||
		hasHostVolume(pod) || hasNonNamespacedCapability(pod) || kl.hasHostMountPVC(pod) {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// hasPrivilegedContainer returns true if any of the containers in the pod are privileged.
func hasPrivilegedContainer(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	for _, c := range pod.Spec.Containers {
		if c.SecurityContext != nil &&
			c.SecurityContext.Privileged != nil &&
			*c.SecurityContext.Privileged {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// hasNonNamespacedCapability returns true if MKNOD, SYS_TIME, or SYS_MODULE is requested for any container.
func hasNonNamespacedCapability(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	for _, c := range pod.Spec.Containers {
		if c.SecurityContext != nil && c.SecurityContext.Capabilities != nil {
			for _, cap := range c.SecurityContext.Capabilities.Add {
				if cap == "MKNOD" || cap == "SYS_TIME" || cap == "SYS_MODULE" {
					return true
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return false
}

// hasHostVolume returns true if the pod spec has a HostPath volume.
func hasHostVolume(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	for _, v := range pod.Spec.Volumes {
		if v.HostPath != nil {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// hasHostNamespace returns true if hostIPC, hostNetwork, or hostPID are set to true.
func hasHostNamespace(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	if pod.Spec.SecurityContext == nil {
		return false
	}
	return pod.Spec.HostIPC || pod.Spec.HostNetwork || pod.Spec.HostPID
}

// hasHostMountPVC returns true if a PVC is referencing a HostPath volume.
func (kl *Kubelet) hasHostMountPVC(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	for _, volume := range pod.Spec.Volumes {
		if volume.PersistentVolumeClaim != nil {
			pvc, err := kl.kubeClient.Core().PersistentVolumeClaims(pod.Namespace).Get(volume.PersistentVolumeClaim.ClaimName)
			if err != nil {
				glog.Warningf("unable to retrieve pvc %s:%s - %v", pod.Namespace, volume.PersistentVolumeClaim.ClaimName, err)
				continue
			}
			if pvc != nil {
				referencedVolume, err := kl.kubeClient.Core().PersistentVolumes().Get(pvc.Spec.VolumeName)
				if err != nil {
					glog.Warningf("unable to retrieve pvc %s - %v", pvc.Spec.VolumeName, err)
					continue
				}
				if referencedVolume != nil && referencedVolume.Spec.HostPath != nil {
					return true
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}