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openssl/providers/implementations/encode_decode/ml_kem_codecs.c

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/*
* Copyright 2025 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
* this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
* in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
* https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
*/
#include <string.h>
#include <openssl/byteorder.h>
#include <openssl/proverr.h>
#include <openssl/x509.h>
#include <openssl/core_names.h>
#include "internal/encoder.h"
#include "prov/ml_kem.h"
#include "prov/ml_kem_codecs.h"
/* Tables describing supported ASN.1 input/output formats. */
/*-
* ML-KEM-512:
* Public key bytes: 800 (0x0320)
* Private key bytes: 1632 (0x0660)
*/
static const ML_COMMON_SPKI_FMT ml_kem_512_spkifmt = {
{ 0x30, 0x82, 0x03, 0x32, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48,
0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x01, 0x03, 0x82, 0x03, 0x21, 0x00, }
};
static const ML_COMMON_PKCS8_FMT ml_kem_512_p8fmt[NUM_PKCS8_FORMATS] = {
{ "seed-priv", 0x06aa, 0, 0x308206a6, 0x0440, 6, 0x40, 0x04820660, 0x4a, 0x0660, 0, 0 },
{ "priv-only", 0x0664, 0, 0x04820660, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x04, 0x0660, 0, 0 },
{ "oqskeypair", 0x0984, 0, 0x04820980, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x04, 0x0660, 0x0664, 0x0320 },
{ "seed-only", 0x0042, 2, 0x8040, 0, 2, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ "bare-priv", 0x0660, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x0660, 0, 0 },
{ "bare-seed", 0x0040, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
};
/*-
* ML-KEM-768:
* Public key bytes: 1184 (0x04a0)
* Private key bytes: 2400 (0x0960)
*/
static const ML_COMMON_SPKI_FMT ml_kem_768_spkifmt = {
{ 0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xb2, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48,
0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x03, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa1, 0x00, }
};
static const ML_COMMON_PKCS8_FMT ml_kem_768_p8fmt[NUM_PKCS8_FORMATS] = {
{ "seed-priv", 0x09aa, 0, 0x308209a6, 0x0440, 6, 0x40, 0x04820960, 0x4a, 0x0960, 0, 0, },
{ "priv-only", 0x0964, 0, 0x04820960, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x04, 0x0960, 0, 0, },
{ "oqskeypair", 0x0e04, 0, 0x04820e00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x04, 0x0960, 0x0964, 0x04a0 },
{ "seed-only", 0x0042, 2, 0x8040, 0, 2, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, },
{ "bare-priv", 0x0960, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x0960, 0, 0, },
{ "bare-seed", 0x0040, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, },
};
/*-
* ML-KEM-1024:
* Private key bytes: 3168 (0x0c60)
* Public key bytes: 1568 (0x0620)
*/
static const ML_COMMON_SPKI_FMT ml_kem_1024_spkifmt = {
{ 0x30, 0x82, 0x06, 0x32, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48,
0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x03, 0x82, 0x06, 0x21, 0x00, }
};
static const ML_COMMON_PKCS8_FMT ml_kem_1024_p8fmt[NUM_PKCS8_FORMATS] = {
{ "seed-priv", 0x0caa, 0, 0x30820ca6, 0x0440, 6, 0x40, 0x04820c60, 0x4a, 0x0c60, 0, 0 },
{ "priv-only", 0x0c64, 0, 0x04820c60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x04, 0x0c60, 0, 0 },
{ "oqskeypair", 0x1284, 0, 0x04821280, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x04, 0x0c60, 0x0c64, 0x0620 },
{ "seed-only", 0x0042, 2, 0x8040, 0, 2, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
{ "bare-priv", 0x0c60, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x0c60, 0, 0 },
{ "bare-seed", 0x0040, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
};
/* Indices of slots in the `codecs` table below */
#define ML_KEM_512_CODEC 0
#define ML_KEM_768_CODEC 1
#define ML_KEM_1024_CODEC 2
/*
* Per-variant fixed parameters
*/
static const ML_COMMON_CODEC codecs[3] = {
{ &ml_kem_512_spkifmt, ml_kem_512_p8fmt },
{ &ml_kem_768_spkifmt, ml_kem_768_p8fmt },
{ &ml_kem_1024_spkifmt, ml_kem_1024_p8fmt }
};
/* Retrieve the parameters of one of the ML-KEM variants */
static const ML_COMMON_CODEC *ml_kem_get_codec(int evp_type)
{
switch (evp_type) {
case EVP_PKEY_ML_KEM_512:
return &codecs[ML_KEM_512_CODEC];
case EVP_PKEY_ML_KEM_768:
return &codecs[ML_KEM_768_CODEC];
case EVP_PKEY_ML_KEM_1024:
return &codecs[ML_KEM_1024_CODEC];
}
return NULL;
}
ML_KEM_KEY *
ossl_ml_kem_d2i_PUBKEY(const uint8_t *pubenc, int publen, int evp_type,
PROV_CTX *provctx, const char *propq)
{
OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx = PROV_LIBCTX_OF(provctx);
const ML_KEM_VINFO *v;
const ML_COMMON_CODEC *codec;
const ML_COMMON_SPKI_FMT *vspki;
ML_KEM_KEY *ret;
if ((v = ossl_ml_kem_get_vinfo(evp_type)) == NULL
|| (codec = ml_kem_get_codec(evp_type)) == NULL)
return NULL;
vspki = codec->spkifmt;
if (publen != ML_COMMON_SPKI_OVERHEAD + (ossl_ssize_t) v->pubkey_bytes
|| memcmp(pubenc, vspki->asn1_prefix, ML_COMMON_SPKI_OVERHEAD) != 0)
return NULL;
publen -= ML_COMMON_SPKI_OVERHEAD;
pubenc += ML_COMMON_SPKI_OVERHEAD;
if ((ret = ossl_ml_kem_key_new(libctx, propq, evp_type)) == NULL)
return NULL;
if (!ossl_ml_kem_parse_public_key(pubenc, (size_t) publen, ret)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_BAD_ENCODING,
"error parsing %s public key from input SPKI",
v->algorithm_name);
ossl_ml_kem_key_free(ret);
return NULL;
}
return ret;
}
ML_KEM_KEY *
ossl_ml_kem_d2i_PKCS8(const uint8_t *prvenc, int prvlen,
int evp_type, PROV_CTX *provctx,
const char *propq)
{
const ML_KEM_VINFO *v;
const ML_COMMON_CODEC *codec;
ML_COMMON_PKCS8_FMT_PREF *fmt_slots = NULL, *slot;
const ML_COMMON_PKCS8_FMT *p8fmt;
ML_KEM_KEY *key = NULL, *ret = NULL;
PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO *p8inf = NULL;
const uint8_t *buf, *pos;
const X509_ALGOR *alg = NULL;
const char *formats;
int len, ptype;
uint32_t magic;
uint16_t seed_magic;
/* Which ML-KEM variant? */
if ((v = ossl_ml_kem_get_vinfo(evp_type)) == NULL
|| (codec = ml_kem_get_codec(evp_type)) == NULL)
return 0;
/* Extract the key OID and any parameters. */
if ((p8inf = d2i_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO(NULL, &prvenc, prvlen)) == NULL)
return 0;
/* Shortest prefix is 4 bytes: seq tag/len + octet string tag/len */
if (!PKCS8_pkey_get0(NULL, &buf, &len, &alg, p8inf))
goto end;
/* Bail out early if this is some other key type. */
if (OBJ_obj2nid(alg->algorithm) != evp_type)
goto end;
/* Get the list of enabled decoders. Their order is not important here. */
formats = ossl_prov_ctx_get_param(
provctx, OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_ML_KEM_INPUT_FORMATS, NULL);
fmt_slots = ossl_ml_common_pkcs8_fmt_order(v->algorithm_name, codec->p8fmt,
"input", formats);
if (fmt_slots == NULL)
goto end;
/* Parameters must be absent. */
X509_ALGOR_get0(NULL, &ptype, NULL, alg);
if (ptype != V_ASN1_UNDEF) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_UNEXPECTED_KEY_PARAMETERS,
"unexpected parameters with a PKCS#8 %s private key",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
if ((ossl_ssize_t)len < (ossl_ssize_t)sizeof(magic))
goto end;
/* Find the matching p8 info slot, that also has the expected length. */
pos = OPENSSL_load_u32_be(&magic, buf);
for (slot = fmt_slots; (p8fmt = slot->fmt) != NULL; ++slot) {
if (len != (ossl_ssize_t)p8fmt->p8_bytes)
continue;
if (p8fmt->p8_shift == sizeof(magic)
|| (magic >> (p8fmt->p8_shift * 8)) == p8fmt->p8_magic) {
pos -= p8fmt->p8_shift;
break;
}
}
if (p8fmt == NULL
|| (p8fmt->seed_length > 0 && p8fmt->seed_length != ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES)
|| (p8fmt->priv_length > 0 && p8fmt->priv_length != v->prvkey_bytes)
|| (p8fmt->pub_length > 0 && p8fmt->pub_length != v->pubkey_bytes)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_ML_KEM_NO_FORMAT,
"no matching enabled %s private key input formats",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
if (p8fmt->seed_length > 0) {
/* Check |seed| tag/len, if not subsumed by |magic|. */
if (pos + sizeof(uint16_t) == buf + p8fmt->seed_offset) {
pos = OPENSSL_load_u16_be(&seed_magic, pos);
if (seed_magic != p8fmt->seed_magic)
goto end;
} else if (pos != buf + p8fmt->seed_offset) {
goto end;
}
pos += ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES;
}
if (p8fmt->priv_length > 0) {
/* Check |priv| tag/len */
if (pos + sizeof(uint32_t) == buf + p8fmt->priv_offset) {
pos = OPENSSL_load_u32_be(&magic, pos);
if (magic != p8fmt->priv_magic)
goto end;
} else if (pos != buf + p8fmt->priv_offset) {
goto end;
}
pos += v->prvkey_bytes;
}
if (p8fmt->pub_length > 0) {
if (pos != buf + p8fmt->pub_offset)
goto end;
pos += v->pubkey_bytes;
}
if (pos != buf + len)
goto end;
/*
* Collect the seed and/or key into a "decoded" private key object,
* to be turned into a real key on provider "load" or "import".
*/
if ((key = ossl_prov_ml_kem_new(provctx, propq, evp_type)) == NULL)
goto end;
if (p8fmt->seed_length > 0) {
if (!ossl_ml_kem_set_seed(buf + p8fmt->seed_offset,
ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES, key)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_OSSL_DECODER, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR,
"error storing %s private key seed",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
}
if (p8fmt->priv_length > 0) {
if ((key->encoded_dk = OPENSSL_secure_malloc(p8fmt->priv_length)) == NULL) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_INVALID_KEY,
"error parsing %s private key",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
memcpy(key->encoded_dk, buf + p8fmt->priv_offset, p8fmt->priv_length);
}
/* Any OQS public key content is ignored */
ret = key;
end:
OPENSSL_free(fmt_slots);
PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_free(p8inf);
if (ret == NULL)
ossl_ml_kem_key_free(key);
return ret;
}
/* Same as ossl_ml_kem_encode_pubkey, but allocates the output buffer. */
int ossl_ml_kem_i2d_pubkey(const ML_KEM_KEY *key, unsigned char **out)
{
size_t publen;
if (!ossl_ml_kem_have_pubkey(key)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_NOT_A_PUBLIC_KEY,
"no %s public key data available",
key->vinfo->algorithm_name);
return 0;
}
publen = key->vinfo->pubkey_bytes;
if (out != NULL
&& (*out = OPENSSL_malloc(publen)) == NULL)
return 0;
if (!ossl_ml_kem_encode_public_key(*out, publen, key)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_OSSL_ENCODER, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR,
"error encoding %s public key",
key->vinfo->algorithm_name);
OPENSSL_free(*out);
return 0;
}
return (int)publen;
}
/* Allocate and encode PKCS#8 private key payload. */
int ossl_ml_kem_i2d_prvkey(const ML_KEM_KEY *key, uint8_t **out,
PROV_CTX *provctx)
{
const ML_KEM_VINFO *v = key->vinfo;
const ML_COMMON_CODEC *codec;
ML_COMMON_PKCS8_FMT_PREF *fmt_slots, *slot;
const ML_COMMON_PKCS8_FMT *p8fmt;
uint8_t *buf = NULL, *pos;
const char *formats;
int len = ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES;
int ret = 0;
/* Not ours to handle */
if ((codec = ml_kem_get_codec(v->evp_type)) == NULL)
return 0;
if (!ossl_ml_kem_have_prvkey(key)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_NOT_A_PRIVATE_KEY,
"no %s private key data available",
key->vinfo->algorithm_name);
return 0;
}
formats = ossl_prov_ctx_get_param(
provctx, OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_ML_KEM_OUTPUT_FORMATS, NULL);
fmt_slots = ossl_ml_common_pkcs8_fmt_order(v->algorithm_name, codec->p8fmt,
"output", formats);
if (fmt_slots == NULL)
return 0;
/* If we don't have a seed, skip seedful entries */
for (slot = fmt_slots; (p8fmt = slot->fmt) != NULL; ++slot)
if (ossl_ml_kem_have_seed(key) || p8fmt->seed_length == 0)
break;
/* No matching table entries, give up */
if (p8fmt == NULL
|| (p8fmt->seed_length > 0 && p8fmt->seed_length != ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES)
|| (p8fmt->priv_length > 0 && p8fmt->priv_length != v->prvkey_bytes)
|| (p8fmt->pub_length > 0 && p8fmt->pub_length != v->pubkey_bytes)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_ML_KEM_NO_FORMAT,
"no matching enabled %s private key output formats",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
len = (int)p8fmt->p8_bytes;
if (out == NULL) {
ret = len;
goto end;
}
if ((pos = buf = OPENSSL_malloc((size_t)len)) == NULL)
goto end;
switch (p8fmt->p8_shift) {
case 0:
pos = OPENSSL_store_u32_be(pos, p8fmt->p8_magic);
break;
case 2:
pos = OPENSSL_store_u16_be(pos, (uint16_t)p8fmt->p8_magic);
break;
case 4:
break;
default:
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR,
"error encoding %s private key",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
if (p8fmt->seed_length != 0) {
/*
* Either the tag/len were already included in |magic| or they require
* us to write two bytes now.
*/
if (pos + sizeof(uint16_t) == buf + p8fmt->seed_offset)
pos = OPENSSL_store_u16_be(pos, p8fmt->seed_magic);
if (pos != buf + p8fmt->seed_offset
|| !ossl_ml_kem_encode_seed(pos, ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES, key)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR,
"error encoding %s private key",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
pos += ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES;
}
if (p8fmt->priv_length != 0) {
if (pos + sizeof(uint32_t) == buf + p8fmt->priv_offset)
pos = OPENSSL_store_u32_be(pos, p8fmt->priv_magic);
if (pos != buf + p8fmt->priv_offset
|| !ossl_ml_kem_encode_private_key(pos, v->prvkey_bytes, key)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR,
"error encoding %s private key",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
pos += v->prvkey_bytes;
}
/* OQS form output with tacked-on public key */
if (p8fmt->pub_length != 0) {
/* The OQS pubkey is never separately DER-wrapped */
if (pos != buf + p8fmt->pub_offset
|| !ossl_ml_kem_encode_public_key(pos, v->pubkey_bytes, key)) {
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR,
"error encoding %s private key",
v->algorithm_name);
goto end;
}
pos += v->pubkey_bytes;
}
if (pos == buf + len) {
*out = buf;
ret = len;
}
end:
OPENSSL_free(fmt_slots);
if (ret == 0)
OPENSSL_free(buf);
return ret;
}
int ossl_ml_kem_key_to_text(BIO *out, const ML_KEM_KEY *key, int selection)
{
uint8_t seed[ML_KEM_SEED_BYTES], *prvenc = NULL, *pubenc = NULL;
size_t publen, prvlen;
const char *type_label = NULL;
int ret = 0;
if (out == NULL || key == NULL) {
ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_OSSL_ENCODER, ERR_R_PASSED_NULL_PARAMETER);
return 0;
}
type_label = key->vinfo->algorithm_name;
publen = key->vinfo->pubkey_bytes;
prvlen = key->vinfo->prvkey_bytes;
if ((selection & OSSL_KEYMGMT_SELECT_PRIVATE_KEY) != 0
&& (ossl_ml_kem_have_prvkey(key)
|| ossl_ml_kem_have_seed(key))) {
if (BIO_printf(out, "%s Private-Key:\n", type_label) <= 0)
return 0;
if (ossl_ml_kem_have_seed(key)) {
if (!ossl_ml_kem_encode_seed(seed, sizeof(seed), key))
goto end;
if (!ossl_bio_print_labeled_buf(out, "seed:", seed, sizeof(seed)))
goto end;
}
if (ossl_ml_kem_have_prvkey(key)) {
if ((prvenc = OPENSSL_malloc(prvlen)) == NULL)
return 0;
if (!ossl_ml_kem_encode_private_key(prvenc, prvlen, key))
goto end;
if (!ossl_bio_print_labeled_buf(out, "dk:", prvenc, prvlen))
goto end;
}
ret = 1;
}
/* The public key is output regardless of the selection */
if (ossl_ml_kem_have_pubkey(key)) {
/* If we did not output private key bits, this is a public key */
if (ret == 0 && BIO_printf(out, "%s Public-Key:\n", type_label) <= 0)
goto end;
if ((pubenc = OPENSSL_malloc(key->vinfo->pubkey_bytes)) == NULL
|| !ossl_ml_kem_encode_public_key(pubenc, publen, key)
|| !ossl_bio_print_labeled_buf(out, "ek:", pubenc, publen))
goto end;
ret = 1;
}
/* If we got here, and ret == 0, there was no key material */
if (ret == 0)
ERR_raise_data(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_MISSING_KEY,
"no %s key material available",
type_label);
end:
OPENSSL_free(pubenc);
OPENSSL_free(prvenc);
return ret;
}
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