prometheus/compact_test.go

// Copyright 2017 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package tsdb

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"math"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/go-kit/kit/log"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	prom_testutil "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
	"github.com/prometheus/tsdb/chunks"
	"github.com/prometheus/tsdb/fileutil"
	"github.com/prometheus/tsdb/labels"
	"github.com/prometheus/tsdb/testutil"
)

func TestSplitByRange(t *testing.T) {
	cases := []struct {
		trange int64
		ranges [][2]int64
		output [][][2]int64
	}{
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{0, 10}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{0, 10}},
			},
		},
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{0, 60}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{0, 60}},
			},
		},
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{0, 10}, {9, 15}, {30, 60}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{0, 10}, {9, 15}, {30, 60}},
			},
		},
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{70, 90}, {125, 130}, {130, 180}, {1000, 1001}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{70, 90}},
				{{125, 130}, {130, 180}},
				{{1000, 1001}},
			},
		},
		// Mis-aligned or too-large blocks are ignored.
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{50, 70}, {70, 80}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{70, 80}},
			},
		},
		{
			trange: 72,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{0, 144}, {144, 216}, {216, 288}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{144, 216}},
				{{216, 288}},
			},
		},
		// Various awkward edge cases easy to hit with negative numbers.
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{-10, -5}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{-10, -5}},
			},
		},
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{-60, -50}, {-10, -5}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{-60, -50}, {-10, -5}},
			},
		},
		{
			trange: 60,
			ranges: [][2]int64{{-60, -50}, {-10, -5}, {0, 15}},
			output: [][][2]int64{
				{{-60, -50}, {-10, -5}},
				{{0, 15}},
			},
		},
	}

	for _, c := range cases {
		// Transform input range tuples into dirMetas.
		blocks := make([]dirMeta, 0, len(c.ranges))
		for _, r := range c.ranges {
			blocks = append(blocks, dirMeta{
				meta: &BlockMeta{
					MinTime: r[0],
					MaxTime: r[1],
				},
			})
		}

		// Transform output range tuples into dirMetas.
		exp := make([][]dirMeta, len(c.output))
		for i, group := range c.output {
			for _, r := range group {
				exp[i] = append(exp[i], dirMeta{
					meta: &BlockMeta{MinTime: r[0], MaxTime: r[1]},
				})
			}
		}

		testutil.Equals(t, exp, splitByRange(blocks, c.trange))
	}
}

// See https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/3064
func TestNoPanicFor0Tombstones(t *testing.T) {
	metas := []dirMeta{
		{
			dir: "1",
			meta: &BlockMeta{
				MinTime: 0,
				MaxTime: 100,
			},
		},
		{
			dir: "2",
			meta: &BlockMeta{
				MinTime: 101,
				MaxTime: 200,
			},
		},
	}

	c, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, nil, []int64{50}, nil)
	testutil.Ok(t, err)

	c.plan(metas)
}

func TestLeveledCompactor_plan(t *testing.T) {
	// This mimicks our default ExponentialBlockRanges with min block size equals to 20.
	compactor, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, nil, []int64{
		20,
		60,
		180,
		540,
		1620,
	}, nil)
	testutil.Ok(t, err)

	cases := []struct {
		metas    []dirMeta
		expected []string
	}{
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
			},
			expected: nil,
		},
		// We should wait for four blocks of size 20 to appear before compacting.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
			},
			expected: nil,
		},
		// We should wait for a next block of size 20 to appear before compacting
		// the existing ones. We have three, but we ignore the fresh one from WAl.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 40, 60, nil),
			},
			expected: nil,
		},
		// Block to fill the entire parent range appeared – should be compacted.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 40, 60, nil),
				metaRange("4", 60, 80, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"1", "2", "3"},
		},
		// Block for the next parent range appeared with gap with size 20. Nothing will happen in the first one
		// anymore but we ignore fresh one still, so no compaction.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 60, 80, nil),
			},
			expected: nil,
		},
		// Block for the next parent range appeared, and we have a gap with size 20 between second and third block.
		// We will not get this missed gap anymore and we should compact just these two.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 60, 80, nil),
				metaRange("4", 80, 100, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"1", "2"},
		},
		{
			// We have 20, 20, 20, 60, 60 range blocks. "5" is marked as fresh one.
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 40, 60, nil),
				metaRange("4", 60, 120, nil),
				metaRange("5", 120, 180, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"1", "2", "3"},
		},
		{
			// We have 20, 60, 20, 60, 240 range blocks. We can compact 20 + 60 + 60.
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("4", 60, 120, nil),
				metaRange("5", 960, 980, nil), // Fresh one.
				metaRange("6", 120, 180, nil),
				metaRange("7", 720, 960, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"2", "4", "6"},
		},
		// Do not select large blocks that have many tombstones when there is no fresh block.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 540, &BlockStats{
					NumSeries:     10,
					NumTombstones: 3,
				}),
			},
			expected: nil,
		},
		// Select large blocks that have many tombstones when fresh appears.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 540, &BlockStats{
					NumSeries:     10,
					NumTombstones: 3,
				}),
				metaRange("2", 540, 560, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"1"},
		},
		// For small blocks, do not compact tombstones, even when fresh appears.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 60, &BlockStats{
					NumSeries:     10,
					NumTombstones: 3,
				}),
				metaRange("2", 60, 80, nil),
			},
			expected: nil,
		},
		// Regression test: we were stuck in a compact loop where we always recompacted
		// the same block when tombstones and series counts were zero.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 540, &BlockStats{
					NumSeries:     0,
					NumTombstones: 0,
				}),
				metaRange("2", 540, 560, nil),
			},
			expected: nil,
		},
		// Regression test: we were wrongly assuming that new block is fresh from WAL when its ULID is newest.
		// We need to actually look on max time instead.
		//
		// With previous, wrong approach "8" block was ignored, so we were wrongly compacting 5 and 7 and introducing
		// block overlaps.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("5", 0, 360, nil),
				metaRange("6", 540, 560, nil), // Fresh one.
				metaRange("7", 360, 420, nil),
				metaRange("8", 420, 540, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"7", "8"},
		},
		// For overlapping blocks.
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 19, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 40, 60, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"1", "2"},
		},
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 30, 50, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"2", "3"},
		},
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 10, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 30, 50, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"1", "2", "3"},
		},
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("5", 0, 360, nil),
				metaRange("6", 340, 560, nil),
				metaRange("7", 360, 420, nil),
				metaRange("8", 420, 540, nil),
			},
			expected: []string{"5", "6", "7", "8"},
		},
	}

	for _, c := range cases {
		if !t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
			res, err := compactor.plan(c.metas)
			testutil.Ok(t, err)
			testutil.Equals(t, c.expected, res)
		}) {
			return
		}
	}
}

func TestRangeWithFailedCompactionWontGetSelected(t *testing.T) {
	compactor, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, nil, []int64{
		20,
		60,
		240,
		720,
		2160,
	}, nil)
	testutil.Ok(t, err)

	cases := []struct {
		metas []dirMeta
	}{
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 40, 60, nil),
				metaRange("4", 60, 80, nil),
			},
		},
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 60, 80, nil),
				metaRange("4", 80, 100, nil),
			},
		},
		{
			metas: []dirMeta{
				metaRange("1", 0, 20, nil),
				metaRange("2", 20, 40, nil),
				metaRange("3", 40, 60, nil),
				metaRange("4", 60, 120, nil),
				metaRange("5", 120, 180, nil),
				metaRange("6", 180, 200, nil),
			},
		},
	}

	for _, c := range cases {
		c.metas[1].meta.Compaction.Failed = true
		res, err := compactor.plan(c.metas)
		testutil.Ok(t, err)

		testutil.Equals(t, []string(nil), res)
	}
}

func TestCompactionFailWillCleanUpTempDir(t *testing.T) {
	compactor, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{
		20,
		60,
		240,
		720,
		2160,
	}, nil)
	testutil.Ok(t, err)

	tmpdir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test")
	testutil.Ok(t, err)
	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpdir)

	testutil.NotOk(t, compactor.write(tmpdir, &BlockMeta{}, erringBReader{}))
	_, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(tmpdir, BlockMeta{}.ULID.String()) + ".tmp")
	testutil.Assert(t, os.IsNotExist(err), "directory is not cleaned up")
}

func metaRange(name string, mint, maxt int64, stats *BlockStats) dirMeta {
	meta := &BlockMeta{MinTime: mint, MaxTime: maxt}
	if stats != nil {
		meta.Stats = *stats
	}
	return dirMeta{
		dir:  name,
		meta: meta,
	}
}

type erringBReader struct{}

func (erringBReader) Index() (IndexReader, error)          { return nil, errors.New("index") }
func (erringBReader) Chunks() (ChunkReader, error)         { return nil, errors.New("chunks") }
func (erringBReader) Tombstones() (TombstoneReader, error) { return nil, errors.New("tombstones") }
func (erringBReader) MinTime() int64                       { return 0 }
func (erringBReader) MaxTime() int64                       { return 0 }

type nopChunkWriter struct{}

func (nopChunkWriter) WriteChunks(chunks ...chunks.Meta) error { return nil }
func (nopChunkWriter) Close() error                            { return nil }

func TestCompaction_populateBlock(t *testing.T) {
	var populateBlocksCases = []struct {
		title              string
		inputSeriesSamples [][]seriesSamples
		compactMinTime     int64
		compactMaxTime     int64 // When not defined the test runner sets a default of math.MaxInt64.
		expSeriesSamples   []seriesSamples
		expErr             error
	}{
		{
			title:              "Populate block from empty input should return error.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{},
			expErr:             errors.New("cannot populate block from no readers"),
		},
		{
			// Populate from single block without chunks. We expect these kind of series being ignored.
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset: map[string]string{"a": "b"},
					},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			title: "Populate from single block. We expect the same samples at the output.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}}, {{t: 11}, {t: 20}}},
					},
				},
			},
			expSeriesSamples: []seriesSamples{
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}}, {{t: 11}, {t: 20}}},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			title: "Populate from two blocks.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}}, {{t: 11}, {t: 20}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "c"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 9}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 19}}},
					},
					{
						// no-chunk series should be dropped.
						lset: map[string]string{"a": "empty"},
					},
				},
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 21}, {t: 30}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "c"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 40}, {t: 45}}},
					},
				},
			},
			expSeriesSamples: []seriesSamples{
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}}, {{t: 11}, {t: 20}}, {{t: 21}, {t: 30}}},
				},
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "c"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 9}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 19}}, {{t: 40}, {t: 45}}},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			title: "Populate from two blocks showing that order is maintained.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}}, {{t: 11}, {t: 20}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "c"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 9}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 19}}},
					},
				},
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 21}, {t: 30}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "c"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 40}, {t: 45}}},
					},
				},
			},
			expSeriesSamples: []seriesSamples{
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}}, {{t: 11}, {t: 20}}, {{t: 21}, {t: 30}}},
				},
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "c"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 9}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 19}}, {{t: 40}, {t: 45}}},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			title: "Populate from two blocks showing that order of series is sorted.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "4"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 5}, {t: 7}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "3"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 5}, {t: 6}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "same"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 4}}},
					},
				},
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "2"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 3}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "1"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 2}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "same"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 5}, {t: 8}}},
					},
				},
			},
			expSeriesSamples: []seriesSamples{
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "1"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 2}}},
				},
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "2"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 3}}},
				},
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "3"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 5}, {t: 6}}},
				},
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "4"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 5}, {t: 7}}},
				},
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "same"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 4}}, {{t: 5}, {t: 8}}},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			// This should not happened because head block is making sure the chunks are not crossing block boundaries.
			title: "Populate from single block containing chunk outside of compact meta time range.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 2}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 30}}},
					},
				},
			},
			compactMinTime: 0,
			compactMaxTime: 20,
			expErr:         errors.New("found chunk with minTime: 10 maxTime: 30 outside of compacted minTime: 0 maxTime: 20"),
		},
		{
			// Introduced by https://github.com/prometheus/tsdb/issues/347.
			title: "Populate from single block containing extra chunk",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "issue347"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 2}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 20}}},
					},
				},
			},
			compactMinTime: 0,
			compactMaxTime: 10,
			expErr:         errors.New("found chunk with minTime: 10 maxTime: 20 outside of compacted minTime: 0 maxTime: 10"),
		},
		{
			// Deduplication expected.
			// Introduced by pull/370 and pull/539.
			title: "Populate from two blocks containing duplicated chunk.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 2}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 20}}},
					},
				},
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 10}, {t: 20}}},
					},
				},
			},
			expSeriesSamples: []seriesSamples{
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"a": "b"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 1}, {t: 2}}, {{t: 10}, {t: 20}}},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			// Introduced by https://github.com/prometheus/tsdb/pull/539.
			title: "Populate from three blocks that the last two are overlapping.",
			inputSeriesSamples: [][]seriesSamples{
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"before": "fix"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}, {t: 11}, {t: 20}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"after": "fix"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}, {t: 11}, {t: 20}}},
					},
				},
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"before": "fix"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 19}, {t: 30}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"after": "fix"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 21}, {t: 30}}},
					},
				},
				{
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"before": "fix"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 27}, {t: 35}}},
					},
					{
						lset:   map[string]string{"after": "fix"},
						chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 27}, {t: 35}}},
					},
				},
			},
			expSeriesSamples: []seriesSamples{
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"after": "fix"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}, {t: 11}, {t: 20}}, {{t: 21}, {t: 27}, {t: 30}, {t: 35}}},
				},
				{
					lset:   map[string]string{"before": "fix"},
					chunks: [][]sample{{{t: 0}, {t: 10}, {t: 11}, {t: 19}, {t: 20}, {t: 27}, {t: 30}, {t: 35}}},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range populateBlocksCases {
		if ok := t.Run(tc.title, func(t *testing.T) {
			blocks := make([]BlockReader, 0, len(tc.inputSeriesSamples))
			for _, b := range tc.inputSeriesSamples {
				ir, cr, mint, maxt := createIdxChkReaders(b)
				blocks = append(blocks, &mockBReader{ir: ir, cr: cr, mint: mint, maxt: maxt})
			}

			c, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, nil, []int64{0}, nil)
			testutil.Ok(t, err)

			meta := &BlockMeta{
				MinTime: tc.compactMinTime,
				MaxTime: tc.compactMaxTime,
			}
			if meta.MaxTime == 0 {
				meta.MaxTime = math.MaxInt64
			}

			iw := &mockIndexWriter{}
			err = c.populateBlock(blocks, meta, iw, nopChunkWriter{})
			if tc.expErr != nil {
				testutil.NotOk(t, err)
				testutil.Equals(t, tc.expErr.Error(), err.Error())
				return
			}
			testutil.Ok(t, err)

			testutil.Equals(t, tc.expSeriesSamples, iw.series)

			// Check if stats are calculated properly.
			s := BlockStats{
				NumSeries: uint64(len(tc.expSeriesSamples)),
			}
			for _, series := range tc.expSeriesSamples {
				s.NumChunks += uint64(len(series.chunks))
				for _, chk := range series.chunks {
					s.NumSamples += uint64(len(chk))
				}
			}
			testutil.Equals(t, s, meta.Stats)
		}); !ok {
			return
		}
	}
}

func BenchmarkCompaction(b *testing.B) {
	cases := []struct {
		ranges         [][2]int64
		compactionType string
	}{
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 100}, {200, 300}, {400, 500}, {600, 700}},
			compactionType: "normal",
		},
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 1000}, {2000, 3000}, {4000, 5000}, {6000, 7000}},
			compactionType: "normal",
		},
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 10000}, {20000, 30000}, {40000, 50000}, {60000, 70000}},
			compactionType: "normal",
		},
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 100000}, {200000, 300000}, {400000, 500000}, {600000, 700000}},
			compactionType: "normal",
		},
		// 40% overlaps.
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 100}, {60, 160}, {120, 220}, {180, 280}},
			compactionType: "vertical",
		},
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 1000}, {600, 1600}, {1200, 2200}, {1800, 2800}},
			compactionType: "vertical",
		},
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 10000}, {6000, 16000}, {12000, 22000}, {18000, 28000}},
			compactionType: "vertical",
		},
		{
			ranges:         [][2]int64{{0, 100000}, {60000, 160000}, {120000, 220000}, {180000, 280000}},
			compactionType: "vertical",
		},
	}

	nSeries := 10000
	for _, c := range cases {
		nBlocks := len(c.ranges)
		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("type=%s,blocks=%d,series=%d,samplesPerSeriesPerBlock=%d", c.compactionType, nBlocks, nSeries, c.ranges[0][1]-c.ranges[0][0]+1), func(b *testing.B) {
			dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "bench_compaction")
			testutil.Ok(b, err)
			defer func() {
				testutil.Ok(b, os.RemoveAll(dir))
			}()
			blockDirs := make([]string, 0, len(c.ranges))
			var blocks []*Block
			for _, r := range c.ranges {
				block, err := OpenBlock(nil, createBlock(b, dir, genSeries(nSeries, 10, r[0], r[1])), nil)
				testutil.Ok(b, err)
				blocks = append(blocks, block)
				defer func() {
					testutil.Ok(b, block.Close())
				}()
				blockDirs = append(blockDirs, block.Dir())
			}

			c, err := NewLeveledCompactor(context.Background(), nil, log.NewNopLogger(), []int64{0}, nil)
			testutil.Ok(b, err)

			b.ResetTimer()
			b.ReportAllocs()
			_, err = c.Compact(dir, blockDirs, blocks)
			testutil.Ok(b, err)
		})
	}
}

// TestDisableAutoCompactions checks that we can
// disable and enable the auto compaction.
// This is needed for unit tests that rely on
// checking state before and after a compaction.
func TestDisableAutoCompactions(t *testing.T) {
	db, delete := openTestDB(t, nil)
	defer func() {
		testutil.Ok(t, db.Close())
		delete()
	}()

	blockRange := DefaultOptions.BlockRanges[0]
	label := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar")

	// Trigger a compaction to check that it was skipped and
	// no new blocks were created when compaction is disabled.
	db.DisableCompactions()
	app := db.Appender()
	for i := int64(0); i < 3; i++ {
		_, err := app.Add(label, i*blockRange, 0)
		testutil.Ok(t, err)
		_, err = app.Add(label, i*blockRange+1000, 0)
		testutil.Ok(t, err)
	}
	testutil.Ok(t, app.Commit())

	select {
	case db.compactc <- struct{}{}:
	default:
	}

	m := &dto.Metric{}
	for x := 0; x < 10; x++ {
		db.metrics.compactionsSkipped.Write(m)
		if *m.Counter.Value > float64(0) {
			break
		}
		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
	}

	testutil.Assert(t, *m.Counter.Value > float64(0), "No compaction was skipped after the set timeout.")
	testutil.Equals(t, 0, len(db.blocks))

	// Enable the compaction, trigger it and check that the block is persisted.
	db.EnableCompactions()
	select {
	case db.compactc <- struct{}{}:
	default:
	}
	for x := 0; x < 100; x++ {
		if len(db.Blocks()) > 0 {
			break
		}
		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	}
	testutil.Assert(t, len(db.Blocks()) > 0, "No block was persisted after the set timeout.")
}

// TestCancelCompactions ensures that when the db is closed
// any running compaction is cancelled to unblock closing the db.
func TestCancelCompactions(t *testing.T) {
	tmpdir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "testCancelCompaction")
	testutil.Ok(t, err)
	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpdir)

	// Create some blocks to fall within the compaction range.
	createBlock(t, tmpdir, genSeries(10, 10000, 0, 1000))
	createBlock(t, tmpdir, genSeries(10, 10000, 1000, 2000))
	createBlock(t, tmpdir, genSeries(1, 1, 2000, 2001)) // The most recent block is ignored so can be e small one.

	// Copy the db so we have an exact copy to compare compaction times.
	tmpdirCopy := tmpdir + "Copy"
	err = fileutil.CopyDirs(tmpdir, tmpdirCopy)
	testutil.Ok(t, err)
	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpdirCopy)

	// Measure the compaction time without interupting it.
	var timeCompactionUninterrupted time.Duration
	{
		db, err := Open(tmpdir, log.NewNopLogger(), nil, &Options{BlockRanges: []int64{1, 2000}})
		testutil.Ok(t, err)
		testutil.Equals(t, 3, len(db.Blocks()), "initial block count mismatch")
		testutil.Equals(t, 0.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.ran), "initial compaction counter mismatch")
		db.compactc <- struct{}{} // Trigger a compaction.
		var start time.Time
		for prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.populatingBlocks) <= 0 {
			time.Sleep(3 * time.Millisecond)
		}
		start = time.Now()

		for prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.ran) != 1 {
			time.Sleep(3 * time.Millisecond)
		}
		timeCompactionUninterrupted = time.Since(start)

		testutil.Ok(t, db.Close())
	}
	// Measure the compaction time when closing the db in the middle of compaction.
	{
		db, err := Open(tmpdirCopy, log.NewNopLogger(), nil, &Options{BlockRanges: []int64{1, 2000}})
		testutil.Ok(t, err)
		testutil.Equals(t, 3, len(db.Blocks()), "initial block count mismatch")
		testutil.Equals(t, 0.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.ran), "initial compaction counter mismatch")
		db.compactc <- struct{}{} // Trigger a compaction.
		dbClosed := make(chan struct{})

		for prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.populatingBlocks) <= 0 {
			time.Sleep(3 * time.Millisecond)
		}
		go func() {
			testutil.Ok(t, db.Close())
			close(dbClosed)
		}()

		start := time.Now()
		<-dbClosed
		actT := time.Since(start)
		expT := time.Duration(timeCompactionUninterrupted / 2) // Closing the db in the middle of compaction should less than half the time.
		testutil.Assert(t, actT < expT, "closing the db took more than expected. exp: <%v, act: %v", expT, actT)
	}
}

// TestDeleteCompactionBlockAfterFailedReload ensures that a failed reload immediately after a compaction
// deletes the resulting block to avoid creatings blocks with the same time range.
func TestDeleteCompactionBlockAfterFailedReload(t *testing.T) {

	tests := map[string]func(*DB) int{
		"Test Head Compaction": func(db *DB) int {
			rangeToTriggerCompaction := db.opts.BlockRanges[0]/2*3 - 1
			defaultLabel := labels.FromStrings("foo", "bar")

			// Add some data to the head that is enough to trigger a compaction.
			app := db.Appender()
			_, err := app.Add(defaultLabel, 1, 0)
			testutil.Ok(t, err)
			_, err = app.Add(defaultLabel, 2, 0)
			testutil.Ok(t, err)
			_, err = app.Add(defaultLabel, 3+rangeToTriggerCompaction, 0)
			testutil.Ok(t, err)
			testutil.Ok(t, app.Commit())

			return 0
		},
		"Test Block Compaction": func(db *DB) int {
			blocks := []*BlockMeta{
				{MinTime: 0, MaxTime: 100},
				{MinTime: 100, MaxTime: 150},
				{MinTime: 150, MaxTime: 200},
			}
			for _, m := range blocks {
				createBlock(t, db.Dir(), genSeries(1, 1, m.MinTime, m.MaxTime))
			}
			testutil.Ok(t, db.reload())
			testutil.Equals(t, len(blocks), len(db.Blocks()), "unexpected block count after a reload")

			return len(blocks)
		},
	}

	for title, bootStrap := range tests {
		t.Run(title, func(t *testing.T) {
			db, delete := openTestDB(t, &Options{
				BlockRanges: []int64{1, 100},
			})
			defer func() {
				testutil.Ok(t, db.Close())
				delete()
			}()
			db.DisableCompactions()

			expBlocks := bootStrap(db)

			// Create a block that will trigger the reload to fail.
			blockPath := createBlock(t, db.Dir(), genSeries(1, 1, 200, 300))
			lastBlockIndex := path.Join(blockPath, indexFilename)
			actBlocks, err := blockDirs(db.Dir())
			testutil.Ok(t, err)
			testutil.Equals(t, expBlocks, len(actBlocks)-1) // -1 to exclude the corrupted block.
			testutil.Ok(t, os.RemoveAll(lastBlockIndex))    // Corrupt the block by removing the index file.

			testutil.Equals(t, 0.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.metrics.reloadsFailed), "initial 'failed db reload' count metrics mismatch")
			testutil.Equals(t, 0.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.ran), "initial `compactions` count metric mismatch")

			// Do the compaction and check the metrics.
			// Compaction should succeed, but the reload should fail and
			// the new block created from the compaction should be deleted.
			testutil.NotOk(t, db.compact())
			testutil.Equals(t, 1.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.metrics.reloadsFailed), "'failed db reload' count metrics mismatch")
			testutil.Equals(t, 1.0, prom_testutil.ToFloat64(db.compactor.(*LeveledCompactor).metrics.ran), "`compaction` count metric mismatch")
			actBlocks, err = blockDirs(db.Dir())
			testutil.Ok(t, err)
			testutil.Equals(t, expBlocks, len(actBlocks)-1, "block count should be the same as before the compaction") // -1 to exclude the corrupted block.
		})
	}
}