diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.java
index fbb3b2eed58..82f0dea17f1 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver.java
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.classloader.ClassLoaderFile;
 import org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.classloader.ClassLoaderFile.Kind;
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ import org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.classloader.ClassLoaderFileURLS
 import org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.classloader.ClassLoaderFiles;
 import org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.classloader.ClassLoaderFiles.SourceFolder;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.core.io.AbstractResource;
 import org.springframework.core.io.DefaultResourceLoader;
 import org.springframework.core.io.ProtocolResolver;
@@ -67,7 +70,8 @@ final class ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternRe
 
 	private final ClassLoaderFiles classLoaderFiles;
 
-	ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver(ApplicationContext applicationContext, ClassLoaderFiles classLoaderFiles) {
+	ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver(AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext,
+			ClassLoaderFiles classLoaderFiles) {
 		this.classLoaderFiles = classLoaderFiles;
 		this.patternResolverDelegate = getResourcePatternResolverFactory()
 				.getResourcePatternResolver(applicationContext, retrieveResourceLoader(applicationContext));
@@ -195,28 +199,11 @@ final class ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternRe
 	 */
 	private static class ResourcePatternResolverFactory {
 
-		ResourcePatternResolver getResourcePatternResolver(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
+		ResourcePatternResolver getResourcePatternResolver(AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext,
 				ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
-			if (resourceLoader == null) {
-				resourceLoader = new DefaultResourceLoader();
-				copyProtocolResolvers(applicationContext, resourceLoader);
-			}
-			return new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(resourceLoader);
-		}
-
-		protected final void copyProtocolResolvers(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
-				ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
-			if (applicationContext instanceof DefaultResourceLoader
-					&& resourceLoader instanceof DefaultResourceLoader) {
-				copyProtocolResolvers((DefaultResourceLoader) applicationContext,
-						(DefaultResourceLoader) resourceLoader);
-			}
-		}
-
-		protected final void copyProtocolResolvers(DefaultResourceLoader source, DefaultResourceLoader destination) {
-			for (ProtocolResolver resolver : source.getProtocolResolvers()) {
-				destination.addProtocolResolver(resolver);
-			}
+			ResourceLoader targetResourceLoader = (resourceLoader != null) ? resourceLoader
+					: new ApplicationContextResourceLoader(applicationContext::getProtocolResolvers);
+			return new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(targetResourceLoader);
 		}
 
 	}
@@ -228,21 +215,35 @@ final class ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternRe
 	private static class WebResourcePatternResolverFactory extends ResourcePatternResolverFactory {
 
 		@Override
-		public ResourcePatternResolver getResourcePatternResolver(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
+		public ResourcePatternResolver getResourcePatternResolver(AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext,
 				ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
 			if (applicationContext instanceof WebApplicationContext) {
-				return getResourcePatternResolver((WebApplicationContext) applicationContext, resourceLoader);
+				return getServletContextResourcePatternResolver(applicationContext, resourceLoader);
 			}
 			return super.getResourcePatternResolver(applicationContext, resourceLoader);
 		}
 
-		private ResourcePatternResolver getResourcePatternResolver(WebApplicationContext applicationContext,
-				ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
-			if (resourceLoader == null) {
-				resourceLoader = new WebApplicationContextResourceLoader(applicationContext);
-				copyProtocolResolvers(applicationContext, resourceLoader);
-			}
-			return new ServletContextResourcePatternResolver(resourceLoader);
+		private ResourcePatternResolver getServletContextResourcePatternResolver(
+				AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
+			ResourceLoader targetResourceLoader = (resourceLoader != null) ? resourceLoader
+					: new WebApplicationContextResourceLoader(applicationContext::getProtocolResolvers,
+							(WebApplicationContext) applicationContext);
+			return new ServletContextResourcePatternResolver(targetResourceLoader);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private static class ApplicationContextResourceLoader extends DefaultResourceLoader {
+
+		private final Supplier<Collection<ProtocolResolver>> protocolResolvers;
+
+		ApplicationContextResourceLoader(Supplier<Collection<ProtocolResolver>> protocolResolvers) {
+			this.protocolResolvers = protocolResolvers;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Collection<ProtocolResolver> getProtocolResolvers() {
+			return this.protocolResolvers.get();
 		}
 
 	}
@@ -251,11 +252,13 @@ final class ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternRe
 	 * {@link ResourceLoader} that optionally supports {@link ServletContextResource
 	 * ServletContextResources}.
 	 */
-	private static class WebApplicationContextResourceLoader extends DefaultResourceLoader {
+	private static class WebApplicationContextResourceLoader extends ApplicationContextResourceLoader {
 
 		private final WebApplicationContext applicationContext;
 
-		WebApplicationContextResourceLoader(WebApplicationContext applicationContext) {
+		WebApplicationContextResourceLoader(Supplier<Collection<ProtocolResolver>> protocolResolvers,
+				WebApplicationContext applicationContext) {
+			super(protocolResolvers);
 			this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
 		}
 
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolverTests.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolverTests.java
index 964c22b7f96..a71e8ff87f9 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolverTests.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/devtools/restart/ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolverTests.java
@@ -127,6 +127,18 @@ class ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolverTests {
 		verify(resolver).resolve(eq("foo:some-file.txt"), any(ResourceLoader.class));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void customProtocolResolverRegisteredAfterCreationIsUsedInNonWebApplication() {
+		GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
+		Resource resource = mock(Resource.class);
+		this.resolver = new ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver(context, this.files);
+		ProtocolResolver resolver = mockProtocolResolver("foo:some-file.txt", resource);
+		context.addProtocolResolver(resolver);
+		Resource actual = this.resolver.getResource("foo:some-file.txt");
+		assertThat(actual).isSameAs(resource);
+		verify(resolver).resolve(eq("foo:some-file.txt"), any(ResourceLoader.class));
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void customResourceLoaderIsUsedInWebApplication() {
 		GenericWebApplicationContext context = new GenericWebApplicationContext(new MockServletContext());
@@ -149,6 +161,18 @@ class ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolverTests {
 		verify(resolver).resolve(eq("foo:some-file.txt"), any(ResourceLoader.class));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void customProtocolResolverRegisteredAfterCreationIsUsedInWebApplication() {
+		GenericWebApplicationContext context = new GenericWebApplicationContext(new MockServletContext());
+		Resource resource = mock(Resource.class);
+		this.resolver = new ClassLoaderFilesResourcePatternResolver(context, this.files);
+		ProtocolResolver resolver = mockProtocolResolver("foo:some-file.txt", resource);
+		context.addProtocolResolver(resolver);
+		Resource actual = this.resolver.getResource("foo:some-file.txt");
+		assertThat(actual).isSameAs(resource);
+		verify(resolver).resolve(eq("foo:some-file.txt"), any(ResourceLoader.class));
+	}
+
 	private ProtocolResolver mockProtocolResolver(String path, Resource resource) {
 		ProtocolResolver resolver = mock(ProtocolResolver.class);
 		given(resolver.resolve(eq(path), any(ResourceLoader.class))).willReturn(resource);