diff --git a/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockitoPostProcessor.java b/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockitoPostProcessor.java
index 93b92095f2e..a46821d9b91 100644
--- a/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockitoPostProcessor.java
+++ b/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockitoPostProcessor.java
@@ -18,14 +18,18 @@ package org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito;
 
 import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 
+import org.springframework.aop.scope.ScopedProxyUtils;
 import org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils;
 import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
 import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
@@ -208,8 +212,8 @@ public class MockitoPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAda
 		if (StringUtils.hasLength(mockDefinition.getName())) {
 			return mockDefinition.getName();
 		}
-		String[] existingBeans = beanFactory
-				.getBeanNamesForType(mockDefinition.getClassToMock());
+		String[] existingBeans = getExistingBeans(beanFactory,
+				mockDefinition.getClassToMock());
 		if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(existingBeans)) {
 			return this.beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(beanDefinition, registry);
 		}
@@ -224,8 +228,8 @@ public class MockitoPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAda
 
 	private void registerSpy(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory,
 			BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, SpyDefinition definition, Field field) {
-		String[] existingBeans = beanFactory
-				.getBeanNamesForType(definition.getClassToSpy());
+		String[] existingBeans = getExistingBeans(beanFactory,
+				definition.getClassToSpy());
 		if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(existingBeans)) {
 			createSpy(registry, definition, field);
 		}
@@ -234,6 +238,27 @@ public class MockitoPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAda
 		}
 	}
 
+	private String[] getExistingBeans(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory,
+			Class<?> type) {
+		List<String> beans = new ArrayList<String>(
+				Arrays.asList(beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(type)));
+		for (Iterator<String> iterator = beans.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+			if (isScopedTarget(iterator.next())) {
+				iterator.remove();
+			}
+		}
+		return beans.toArray(new String[beans.size()]);
+	}
+
+	private boolean isScopedTarget(String beanName) {
+		try {
+			return ScopedProxyUtils.isScopedTarget(beanName);
+		}
+		catch (Throwable ex) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
 	private void createSpy(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, SpyDefinition definition,
 			Field field) {
 		RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(
@@ -309,7 +334,7 @@ public class MockitoPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAda
 			Assert.state(ReflectionUtils.getField(field, target) == null,
 					"The field " + field + " cannot have an existing value");
 			Object bean = this.beanFactory.getBean(beanName, field.getType());
-			if (definition.isProxyTargetAware() && AopUtils.isAopProxy(bean)) {
+			if (definition.isProxyTargetAware() && isAopProxy(bean)) {
 				MockitoAopProxyTargetInterceptor.applyTo(bean);
 			}
 			ReflectionUtils.setField(field, target, bean);
@@ -319,6 +344,15 @@ public class MockitoPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAda
 		}
 	}
 
+	private boolean isAopProxy(Object object) {
+		try {
+			return AopUtils.isAopProxy(object);
+		}
+		catch (Throwable ex) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public int getOrder() {
 		return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10;
diff --git a/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockBeanOnScopedProxyTests.java b/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockBeanOnScopedProxyTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9aba76918ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockBeanOnScopedProxyTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2016 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.example.ExampleService;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.example.ExampleServiceCaller;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.example.FailingExampleService;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.ScopedProxyMode;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+
+/**
+ * Test {@link MockBean} when used in combination with scoped proxy targets.
+ *
+ * @author Phillip Webb
+ * @see <a href="https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues/5724">gh-5724</a>
+ */
+@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
+public class MockBeanOnScopedProxyTests {
+
+	@MockBean
+	private ExampleService exampleService;
+
+	@Autowired
+	private ExampleServiceCaller caller;
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMocking() throws Exception {
+		given(this.caller.getService().greeting()).willReturn("Boot");
+		assertThat(this.caller.sayGreeting()).isEqualTo("I say Boot");
+	}
+
+	@Configuration
+	@Import({ ExampleServiceCaller.class })
+	static class Config {
+
+		@Bean
+		@Scope(proxyMode = ScopedProxyMode.TARGET_CLASS)
+		public ExampleService exampleService() {
+			return new FailingExampleService();
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}