2017-09-14 09:02:28 +08:00
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[[spring-web-reactive]]
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= Web on Reactive Stack
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:doc-root: https://docs.spring.io
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:api-spring-framework: {doc-root}/spring-framework/docs/{spring-version}/javadoc-api/org/springframework
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:toc: left
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:toclevels: 4
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2017-11-21 05:28:00 +08:00
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:tabsize: 4
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2017-09-14 09:02:28 +08:00
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:docinfo1:
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This part of the documentation covers support for reactive stack, web applications built on a
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http://www.reactive-streams.org/[Reactive Streams] API to run on non-blocking
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servers such as Netty, Undertow, and Servlet 3.1+ containers. Individual chapters cover
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2018-04-27 10:57:31 +08:00
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the <<webflux,Spring WebFlux>> framework,
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the reactive <<webflux-client,WebClient>>, support for <<webflux-test>>,
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and <<webflux-reactive-libraries>>. For Servlet stack, web applications, please see
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<<web.adoc#spring-web,Web on Servlet Stack>>.
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2017-10-06 10:43:26 +08:00
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include::web/webflux.adoc[leveloffset=+1]
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include::web/webflux-webclient.adoc[leveloffset=+1]
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2017-11-14 07:06:10 +08:00
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include::web/webflux-websocket.adoc[leveloffset=+1]
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2017-10-06 10:43:26 +08:00
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2017-10-19 02:24:17 +08:00
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2017-10-06 10:43:26 +08:00
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[[webflux-test]]
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== Testing
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[.small]#<<web.adoc#testing,Same in Spring MVC>>#
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The `spring-test` module provides mock implementations of `ServerHttpRequest`,
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`ServerHttpResponse`, and `ServerWebExchange`.
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See <<testing.adoc#mock-objects-web-reactive,Spring Web Reactive>> mock objects.
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The <<testing.adoc#webtestclient,WebTestClient>> builds on these mock request and
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response objects to provide support for testing WebFlux applications without and HTTP
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server. The `WebTestClient` can be used for end-to-end integration tests too.
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2017-10-19 02:24:17 +08:00
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2018-03-16 10:13:24 +08:00
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[[webflux-threading-model]]
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=== Threading model
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2017-10-06 10:43:26 +08:00
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[[webflux-reactive-libraries]]
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== Reactive Libraries
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2018-03-16 10:13:24 +08:00
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`spring-webflux` depends on `reactor-core` and uses it internally to compose asynchronous
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logic and to provide Reactive Streams support. Generally WebFlux APIs return `Flux` or
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`Mono` -- since that's what's used internally, and leniently accept any Reactive Streams
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`Publisher` implementation as input. The use of `Flux` vs `Mono` is important because it
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helps to express cardinality -- e.g. whether a single or multiple async values are
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expected, and that can be essential for making decisions, for example when encoding or
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decoding HTTP messages.
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For annotated controllers, WebFlux transparently adapts to the reactive library chosen by
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the application. This is done with the help of the
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{api-spring-framework}/core/ReactiveAdapterRegistry.html[ReactiveAdapterRegistry] which
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provides pluggable support for reactive library and other asynchronous types. The registry
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has built-in support for RxJava and `CompletableFuture`, but others can be registered too.
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For functional APIs such as <<webflux-fn>>, the `WebClient`, and others, the general rules
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for WebFlux APIs apply -- `Flux` and `Mono` as return values, and Reactive Streams
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`Publisher` as input. When a `Publisher`, whether custom or from another reactive library,
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is provided, it can only be treated as a stream with unknown semantics (0..N). If however
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the semantics are known, you can wrap it with `Flux` or `Mono.from(Publisher)` instead
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of passing the raw `Publisher`.
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[NOTE]
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====
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For example, given a `Publisher` that is not a `Mono`, the Jackson JSON message writer
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expects multiple values. If the media type implies an infinite stream -- e.g.
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`"application/json+stream"`, values are written and flushed individually; otherwise
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values are buffered into a list and rendered as a JSON array.
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====
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