diff --git a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java
index 7d1d2e61580..cbb7381e406 100644
--- a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java
+++ b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java
@@ -1353,10 +1353,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFac
 	 * @param bw the BeanWrapper with bean instance
 	 */
 	protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
-		// record has not set methods
-		if (mbd.getBeanClass().isRecord()) {
-			return;
-		}
 		if (bw == null) {
 			if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
 				throw new BeanCreationException(
@@ -1368,6 +1364,17 @@ public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFac
 			}
 		}
 
+		if (bw.getWrappedClass().isRecord()) {
+			if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
+				throw new BeanCreationException(
+						mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to a record");
+			}
+			else {
+				// Skip property population phase for records since they are immutable.
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
 		// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
 		// state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
 		// to support styles of field injection.
diff --git a/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/configuration/AutowiredConfigurationTests.java b/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/configuration/AutowiredConfigurationTests.java
index 564e9f7c3e5..1c61c9840ef 100644
--- a/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/configuration/AutowiredConfigurationTests.java
+++ b/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/configuration/AutowiredConfigurationTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ import org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
-import org.springframework.core.testfixture.stereotype.Component;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
@@ -236,11 +235,13 @@ class AutowiredConfigurationTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void testValueInjectionWithRecord() {
-		System.setProperty("recordBeanName", "recordBean");
-		GenericApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(RecordBean.class);
-		context.refresh();
-		RecordBean recordBean = context.getBean(RecordBean.class);
-		assertThat(recordBean.name()).isEqualTo("recordBean");
+		System.setProperty("recordBeanName", "enigma");
+		try (GenericApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(RecordBean.class)) {
+			assertThat(context.getBean(RecordBean.class).name()).isEqualTo("enigma");
+		}
+		finally {
+			System.clearProperty("recordBeanName");
+		}
 	}
 
 	private int contentLength() throws IOException {
@@ -517,7 +518,7 @@ class AutowiredConfigurationTests {
 	}
 
 
-	@Component
-	static record RecordBean(@Value("recordBeanName") String name) {
+	record RecordBean(@Value("${recordBeanName}") String name) {
 	}
+
 }