diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/CollectionUtils.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/CollectionUtils.java
index 530e5222ba0..a574fff2674 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/CollectionUtils.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/CollectionUtils.java
@@ -470,13 +470,10 @@ public abstract class CollectionUtils {
 			MultiValueMap<? extends K, ? extends V> targetMap) {
 
 		Assert.notNull(targetMap, "'targetMap' must not be null");
-		Map<K, List<V>> result = newLinkedHashMap(targetMap.size());
-		targetMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
-			List<? extends V> values = Collections.unmodifiableList(value);
-			result.put(key, (List<V>) values);
-		});
-		Map<K, List<V>> unmodifiableMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
-		return toMultiValueMap(unmodifiableMap);
+		if (targetMap instanceof UnmodifiableMultiValueMap) {
+			return (MultiValueMap<K, V>) targetMap;
+		}
+		return new UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<>(targetMap);
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/UnmodifiableMultiValueMap.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/UnmodifiableMultiValueMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7623ff8770f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/UnmodifiableMultiValueMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.util;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Spliterator;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
+
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Unmodifiable wrapper for {@link MultiValueMap}.
+ *
+ * @author Arjen Poutsma
+ * @since 6.0
+ * @param <K> the key type
+ * @param <V> the value element type
+ */
+final class UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<K,V> implements MultiValueMap<K,V>, Serializable {
+
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -8697084563854098920L;
+
+
+	private final MultiValueMap<K, V> delegate;
+
+	@Nullable
+	private transient Set<K> keySet;
+
+	@Nullable
+	private transient Set<Entry<K, List<V>>> entrySet;
+
+	@Nullable
+	private transient Collection<List<V>> values;
+
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public UnmodifiableMultiValueMap(MultiValueMap<? extends K, ? extends V> delegate) {
+		Assert.notNull(delegate, "Delegate must not be null");
+		this.delegate = (MultiValueMap<K, V>) delegate;
+	}
+
+	// delegation
+
+	@Override
+	public int size() {
+		return this.delegate.size();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isEmpty() {
+		return this.delegate.isEmpty();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
+		return this.delegate.containsKey(key);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
+		return this.delegate.containsValue(value);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@Nullable
+	public List<V> get(Object key) {
+		List<V> result = this.delegate.get(key);
+		return result != null ? Collections.unmodifiableList(result) : null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public V getFirst(K key) {
+		return this.delegate.getFirst(key);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> getOrDefault(Object key, List<V> defaultValue) {
+		List<V> result = this.delegate.getOrDefault(key, defaultValue);
+		if (result != defaultValue) {
+			result = Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super List<V>> action) {
+		this.delegate.forEach((k, vs) -> action.accept(k, Collections.unmodifiableList(vs)));
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Map<K, V> toSingleValueMap() {
+		return this.delegate.toSingleValueMap();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int hashCode() {
+		return this.delegate.hashCode();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+		return this == obj || this.delegate.equals(obj);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		return this.delegate.toString();
+	}
+
+	// lazy init
+
+	@Override
+	public Set<K> keySet() {
+		if (this.keySet == null) {
+			this.keySet = Collections.unmodifiableSet(this.delegate.keySet());
+		}
+		return this.keySet;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Set<Entry<K, List<V>>> entrySet() {
+		if (this.entrySet == null) {
+			this.entrySet = new UnmodifiableEntrySet<>(this.delegate.entrySet());
+		}
+		return this.entrySet;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Collection<List<V>> values() {
+		if (this.values == null) {
+			this.values = new UnmodifiableValueCollection<>(this.delegate.values());
+		}
+		return this.values;
+	}
+
+	// unsupported
+
+	@Nullable
+	@Override
+	public List<V> put(K key, List<V> value) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> putIfAbsent(K key, List<V> value) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends List<V>> m) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> remove(Object key) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void add(K key, @Nullable V value) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addAll(K key, List<? extends V> values) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addAll(MultiValueMap<K, V> values) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addIfAbsent(K key, @Nullable V value) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void set(K key, @Nullable V value) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setAll(Map<K, V> values) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super List<V>, ? extends List<V>> function) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean replace(K key, List<V> oldValue, List<V> newValue) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> replace(K key, List<V> value) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends List<V>> mappingFunction) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> computeIfPresent(K key,
+			BiFunction<? super K, ? super List<V>, ? extends List<V>> remappingFunction) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> compute(K key,
+			BiFunction<? super K, ? super List<V>, ? extends List<V>> remappingFunction) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<V> merge(K key, List<V> value,
+			BiFunction<? super List<V>, ? super List<V>, ? extends List<V>> remappingFunction) {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void clear() {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+	}
+
+
+	private static class UnmodifiableEntrySet<K,V> implements Set<Map.Entry<K, List<V>>>, Serializable {
+
+		private static final long serialVersionUID = 2407578793783925203L;
+
+
+		private final Set<Entry<K, List<V>>> delegate;
+
+
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		public UnmodifiableEntrySet(Set<? extends Entry<? extends K, ? extends List<? extends V>>> delegate) {
+			this.delegate = (Set<Entry<K, List<V>>>) delegate;
+		}
+
+		// delegation
+
+		@Override
+		public int size() {
+			return this.delegate.size();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean isEmpty() {
+			return this.delegate.isEmpty();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean contains(Object o) {
+			return this.delegate.contains(o);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
+			return this.delegate.containsAll(c);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Iterator<Entry<K, List<V>>> iterator() {
+			Iterator<? extends Entry<? extends K, ? extends List<? extends V>>> iterator = this.delegate.iterator();
+			return new Iterator<>() {
+				@Override
+				public boolean hasNext() {
+					return iterator.hasNext();
+				}
+
+				@Override
+				public Entry<K, List<V>> next() {
+					return new UnmodifiableEntry<>(iterator.next());
+				}
+			};
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Object[] toArray() {
+			Object[] result = this.delegate.toArray();
+			filterArray(result);
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
+			T[] result = this.delegate.toArray(a);
+			filterArray(result);
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		private void filterArray(Object[] result) {
+			for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+				if (result[i] instanceof Map.Entry<?,?> entry) {
+					result[i] = new UnmodifiableEntry<>((Entry<K, List<V>>) entry);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void forEach(Consumer<? super Entry<K, List<V>>> action) {
+			this.delegate.forEach(e -> action.accept(new UnmodifiableEntry<>(e)));
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Stream<Entry<K, List<V>>> stream() {
+			return StreamSupport.stream(spliterator(), false);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Stream<Entry<K, List<V>>> parallelStream() {
+			return StreamSupport.stream(spliterator(), true);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Spliterator<Entry<K, List<V>>> spliterator() {
+			return new UnmodifiableEntrySpliterator<>(this.delegate.spliterator());
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int hashCode() {
+			return this.delegate.hashCode();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+			if (this == obj) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if (obj instanceof Set<?> other) {
+				return other.size() == this.delegate.size() &&
+						containsAll(other);
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return this.delegate.toString();
+		}
+
+		// unsupported
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean add(Entry<K, List<V>> kListEntry) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean remove(Object o) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super Entry<K, List<V>>> filter) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Entry<K, List<V>>> c) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void clear() {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+
+		private static class UnmodifiableEntrySpliterator<K,V> implements Spliterator<Entry<K,List<V>>> {
+
+			private final Spliterator<Entry<K, List<V>>> delegate;
+
+
+			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+			public UnmodifiableEntrySpliterator(
+					Spliterator<? extends Entry<? extends K, ? extends List<? extends V>>> delegate) {
+				this.delegate = (Spliterator<Entry<K, List<V>>>) delegate;
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super Entry<K, List<V>>> action) {
+				return this.delegate.tryAdvance(entry -> action.accept(new UnmodifiableEntry<>(entry)));
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super Entry<K, List<V>>> action) {
+				this.delegate.forEachRemaining(entry -> action.accept(new UnmodifiableEntry<>(entry)));
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			@Nullable
+			public Spliterator<Entry<K, List<V>>> trySplit() {
+				Spliterator<? extends Entry<? extends K, ? extends List<? extends V>>> split = this.delegate.trySplit();
+				if (split != null) {
+					return new UnmodifiableEntrySpliterator<>(split);
+				}
+				else {
+					return null;
+				}
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public long estimateSize() {
+				return this.delegate.estimateSize();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public long getExactSizeIfKnown() {
+				return this.delegate.getExactSizeIfKnown();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public int characteristics() {
+				return this.delegate.characteristics();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public boolean hasCharacteristics(int characteristics) {
+				return this.delegate.hasCharacteristics(characteristics);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public Comparator<? super Entry<K, List<V>>> getComparator() {
+				return this.delegate.getComparator();
+			}
+		}
+
+
+		private static class UnmodifiableEntry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,List<V>> {
+
+			private final Entry<K, List<V>> delegate;
+
+
+			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+			public UnmodifiableEntry(Entry<? extends K, ? extends List<? extends V>> delegate) {
+				Assert.notNull(delegate, "Delegate must not be null");
+				this.delegate = (Entry<K, List<V>>) delegate;
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public K getKey() {
+				return this.delegate.getKey();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public List<V> getValue() {
+				return Collections.unmodifiableList(this.delegate.getValue());
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public List<V> setValue(List<V> value) {
+				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public int hashCode() {
+				return this.delegate.hashCode();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+				if (this == obj) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				else if (obj instanceof Map.Entry<?, ?> other) {
+					return getKey().equals(other.getKey()) &&
+							getValue().equals(other.getValue());
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public String toString() {
+				return this.delegate.toString();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	private static class UnmodifiableValueCollection<T> implements Collection<List<T>>, Serializable {
+
+		private static final long serialVersionUID = 5518377583904339588L;
+
+		private final Collection<List<T>> delegate;
+
+
+		public UnmodifiableValueCollection(Collection<List<T>> delegate) {
+			this.delegate = delegate;
+		}
+
+		 // delegation
+
+		@Override
+		public int size() {
+			return this.delegate.size();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean isEmpty() {
+			return this.delegate.isEmpty();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean contains(Object o) {
+			return this.delegate.contains(o);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
+			return this.delegate.containsAll(c);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Object[] toArray() {
+			Object[] result = this.delegate.toArray();
+			filterArray(result);
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
+			T[] result = this.delegate.toArray(a);
+			filterArray(result);
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		private void filterArray(Object[] array) {
+			for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+				if (array[i] instanceof List<?> list) {
+					array[i] = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Iterator<List<T>> iterator() {
+			Iterator<List<T>> iterator = this.delegate.iterator();
+			return new Iterator<>() {
+				@Override
+				public boolean hasNext() {
+					return iterator.hasNext();
+				}
+
+				@Override
+				public List<T> next() {
+					return Collections.unmodifiableList(iterator.next());
+				}
+			};
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void forEach(Consumer<? super List<T>> action) {
+			this.delegate.forEach(list -> action.accept(Collections.unmodifiableList(list)));
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Spliterator<List<T>> spliterator() {
+			return new UnmodifiableValueSpliterator<>(this.delegate.spliterator());
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Stream<List<T>> stream() {
+			return StreamSupport.stream(spliterator(), false);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Stream<List<T>> parallelStream() {
+			return StreamSupport.stream(spliterator(), true);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int hashCode() {
+			return this.delegate.hashCode();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+			return this == obj || this.delegate.equals(obj);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return this.delegate.toString();
+		}
+
+		// unsupported
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean add(List<T> ts) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean remove(Object o) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends List<T>> c) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super List<T>> filter) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void clear() {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+		}
+
+
+		private static class UnmodifiableValueSpliterator<T> implements Spliterator<List<T>> {
+
+			private final Spliterator<List<T>> delegate;
+
+
+			public UnmodifiableValueSpliterator(Spliterator<List<T>> delegate) {
+				this.delegate = delegate;
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super List<T>> action) {
+				return this.delegate.tryAdvance(l -> action.accept(Collections.unmodifiableList(l)));
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super List<T>> action) {
+				this.delegate.forEachRemaining(l -> action.accept(Collections.unmodifiableList(l)));
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			@Nullable
+			public Spliterator<List<T>> trySplit() {
+				Spliterator<List<T>> split = this.delegate.trySplit();
+				if (split != null) {
+					return new UnmodifiableValueSpliterator<>(split);
+				}
+				else {
+					return null;
+				}
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public long estimateSize() {
+				return this.delegate.estimateSize();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public long getExactSizeIfKnown() {
+				return this.delegate.getExactSizeIfKnown();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public int characteristics() {
+				return this.delegate.characteristics();
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public boolean hasCharacteristics(int characteristics) {
+				return this.delegate.hasCharacteristics(characteristics);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public Comparator<? super List<T>> getComparator() {
+				return this.delegate.getComparator();
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+}
diff --git a/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/util/UnmodifiableMultiValueMapTests.java b/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/util/UnmodifiableMultiValueMapTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27c856eb564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/util/UnmodifiableMultiValueMapTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.util;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.ThrowableTypeAssert;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.entry;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+/**
+ * @author Arjen Poutsma
+ */
+class UnmodifiableMultiValueMapTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void delegation() {
+		MultiValueMap<String, String> mock = mock(MultiValueMap.class);
+		UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<String, String> map = new UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<>(mock);
+
+		given(mock.size()).willReturn(1);
+		assertThat(map.size()).isEqualTo(1);
+
+		given(mock.isEmpty()).willReturn(false);
+		assertThat(map.isEmpty()).isFalse();
+
+		given(mock.containsKey("foo")).willReturn(true);
+		assertThat(map.containsKey("foo")).isTrue();
+
+		given(mock.containsValue(List.of("bar"))).willReturn(true);
+		assertThat(map.containsValue(List.of("bar"))).isTrue();
+
+		List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+		list.add("bar");
+		given(mock.get("foo")).willReturn(list);
+		List<String> result = map.get("foo");
+		assertThat(result).isNotNull().containsExactly("bar");
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> result.add("baz"));
+
+		given(mock.getOrDefault("foo", List.of("bar"))).willReturn(List.of("baz"));
+		assertThat(map.getOrDefault("foo", List.of("bar"))).containsExactly("baz");
+
+		given(mock.toSingleValueMap()).willReturn(Map.of("foo", "bar"));
+		assertThat(map.toSingleValueMap()).containsExactly(entry("foo", "bar"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void unsupported() {
+		UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<String, String> map = new UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<>(new LinkedMultiValueMap<>());
+
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.put("foo", List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.putIfAbsent("foo", List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.putAll(Map.of("foo", List.of("bar"))));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.remove("foo"));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.add("foo", "bar"));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.addAll("foo", List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.addAll(new LinkedMultiValueMap<>()));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.addIfAbsent("foo", "baz"));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.set("foo", "baz"));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.setAll(Map.of("foo", "baz")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.replaceAll((s, strings) -> strings));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.remove("foo", List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.replace("foo", List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.replace("foo", List.of("bar"), List.of("baz")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.computeIfAbsent("foo", s -> List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(
+				() -> map.computeIfPresent("foo", (s1, s2) -> List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.compute("foo", (s1, s2) -> List.of("bar")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.merge("foo", List.of("bar"), (s1, s2) -> s1));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> map.clear());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void entrySetDelegation() {
+		MultiValueMap<String, String> mockMap = mock(MultiValueMap.class);
+		Set<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> mockSet = mock(Set.class);
+		given(mockMap.entrySet()).willReturn(mockSet);
+		Set<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> set = new UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<>(mockMap).entrySet();
+
+		given(mockSet.size()).willReturn(1);
+		assertThat(set.size()).isEqualTo(1);
+
+		given(mockSet.isEmpty()).willReturn(false);
+		assertThat(set.isEmpty()).isFalse();
+
+		given(mockSet.contains("foo")).willReturn(true);
+		assertThat(set.contains("foo")).isTrue();
+
+		List<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> mockEntries = List.of(mock(Map.Entry.class));
+		given(mockSet.containsAll(mockEntries)).willReturn(true);
+		assertThat(set.containsAll(mockEntries)).isTrue();
+
+		Iterator<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> mockIterator = mock(Iterator.class);
+		given(mockSet.iterator()).willReturn(mockIterator);
+		given(mockIterator.hasNext()).willReturn(false);
+		assertThat(set.iterator()).isExhausted();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void entrySetUnsupported() {
+		Set<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> set = new UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<String, String>(new LinkedMultiValueMap<>()).entrySet();
+
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> set.add(mock(Map.Entry.class)));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> set.remove("foo"));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> set.removeIf(e -> true));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> set.addAll(mock(List.class)));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> set.retainAll(mock(List.class)));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> set.removeAll(mock(List.class)));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> set.clear());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void valuesDelegation() {
+		MultiValueMap<String, String> mockMap = mock(MultiValueMap.class);
+		Collection<List<String>> mockValues = mock(Collection.class);
+		given(mockMap.values()).willReturn(mockValues);
+		Collection<List<String>> values = new UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<>(mockMap).values();
+
+		given(mockValues.size()).willReturn(1);
+		assertThat(values.size()).isEqualTo(1);
+
+		given(mockValues.isEmpty()).willReturn(false);
+		assertThat(values.isEmpty()).isFalse();
+
+		given(mockValues.contains(List.of("foo"))).willReturn(true);
+		assertThat(mockValues.contains(List.of("foo"))).isTrue();
+
+		given(mockValues.containsAll(List.of(List.of("foo")))).willReturn(true);
+		assertThat(mockValues.containsAll(List.of(List.of("foo")))).isTrue();
+
+		Iterator<List<String>> mockIterator = mock(Iterator.class);
+		given(mockValues.iterator()).willReturn(mockIterator);
+		given(mockIterator.hasNext()).willReturn(false);
+		assertThat(values.iterator()).isExhausted();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void valuesUnsupported() {
+		Collection<List<String>> values =
+				new UnmodifiableMultiValueMap<String, String>(new LinkedMultiValueMap<>()).values();
+
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> values.add(List.of("foo")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> values.remove(List.of("foo")));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> values.addAll(List.of(List.of("foo"))));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> values.removeAll(List.of(List.of("foo"))));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> values.retainAll(List.of(List.of("foo"))));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> values.removeIf(s -> true));
+		assertThatUnsupportedOperationException().isThrownBy(() -> values.clear());
+	}
+
+	private static ThrowableTypeAssert<UnsupportedOperationException> assertThatUnsupportedOperationException() {
+		return assertThatExceptionOfType(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/UriComponentsBuilder.java b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/UriComponentsBuilder.java
index 68c98562a28..37fbf44b7b9 100644
--- a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/UriComponentsBuilder.java
+++ b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/UriComponentsBuilder.java
@@ -479,8 +479,9 @@ public class UriComponentsBuilder implements UriBuilder, Cloneable {
 			result = new OpaqueUriComponents(this.scheme, this.ssp, this.fragment);
 		}
 		else {
+			MultiValueMap<String, String> queryParams = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(this.queryParams);
 			HierarchicalUriComponents uric = new HierarchicalUriComponents(this.scheme, this.fragment,
-					this.userInfo, this.host, this.port, this.pathBuilder.build(), this.queryParams,
+					this.userInfo, this.host, this.port, this.pathBuilder.build(), queryParams,
 					hint == EncodingHint.FULLY_ENCODED);
 			result = (hint == EncodingHint.ENCODE_TEMPLATE ? uric.encodeTemplate(this.charset) : uric);
 		}