Reject static Bean Override fields for @⁠MockitoBean, @⁠TestBean, etc.

Closes gh-33922

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-mockitobean.adoc

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 [[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-mockitobean]]
 = `@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean`
 
-`@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean` are used on fields in test classes to override beans
-in the test's `ApplicationContext` with a Mockito _mock_ or _spy_, respectively. In the
-latter case, an early instance of the original bean is captured and wrapped by the spy.
+`@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean` are used on non-static fields in test classes to
+override beans in the test's `ApplicationContext` with a Mockito _mock_ or _spy_,
+respectively. In the latter case, an early instance of the original bean is captured and
+wrapped by the spy.
 
 By default, the annotated field's type is used to search for candidate beans to override.
 If multiple candidates match, `@Qualifier` can be provided to narrow the candidate to

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-testbean.adoc

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 [[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-testbean]]
 = `@TestBean`
 
-`@TestBean` is used on a field in a test class to override a specific bean in the test's
-`ApplicationContext` with an instance provided by a factory method.
+`@TestBean` is used on a non-static field in a test class to override a specific bean in
+the test's `ApplicationContext` with an instance provided by a factory method.
 
 The associated factory method name is derived from the annotated field's name, or the
 bean name if specified. The factory method must be `static`, accept no arguments, and

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 = Bean Overriding in Tests
 
 Bean overriding in tests refers to the ability to override specific beans in the
-`ApplicationContext` for a test class, by annotating one or more fields in the test class.
+`ApplicationContext` for a test class, by annotating one or more non-static fields in the
+test class.
 
 NOTE: This feature is intended as a less risky alternative to the practice of registering
 a bean via `@Bean` with the `DefaultListableBeanFactory`
@@ -41,9 +42,10 @@ The `spring-test` module registers implementations of the latter two
 {spring-framework-code}/spring-test/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories[`META-INF/spring.factories`
 properties file].
 
-The bean overriding infrastructure searches in test classes for any field meta-annotated
-with `@BeanOverride` and instantiates the corresponding `BeanOverrideProcessor` which is
-responsible for creating an appropriate `BeanOverrideHandler`.
+The bean overriding infrastructure searches in test classes for any non-static field that
+is meta-annotated with `@BeanOverride` and instantiates the corresponding
+`BeanOverrideProcessor` which is responsible for creating an appropriate
+`BeanOverrideHandler`.
 
 The internal `BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor` then uses bean override handlers to
 alter the test's `ApplicationContext` by creating, replacing, or wrapping beans as

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverride.java

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import org.springframework.aot.hint.annotation.Reflective;
  * <p>Specifying this annotation registers the configured {@link BeanOverrideProcessor}
  * which must be capable of handling the composed annotation and its attributes.
  *
- * <p>Since the composed annotation should only be applied to fields, it is
+ * <p>Since the composed annotation should only be applied to non-static fields, it is
  * expected that it is meta-annotated with {@link Target @Target(ElementType.FIELD)}.
  *
  * <p>For concrete examples, see

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -105,6 +106,8 @@ public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 	private static void processField(Field field, Class<?> testClass, List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
 		AtomicBoolean overrideAnnotationFound = new AtomicBoolean();
 		MergedAnnotations.from(field, DIRECT).stream(BeanOverride.class).forEach(mergedAnnotation -> {
+			Assert.state(!Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()),
+					() -> "@BeanOverride field must not be static: " + field);
 			MergedAnnotation<?> metaSource = mergedAnnotation.getMetaSource();
 			Assert.state(metaSource != null, "@BeanOverride annotation must be meta-present");
 

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBean.java

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
 
 /**
- * {@code @TestBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a field in a test
- * class to override a bean in the test's
+ * {@code @TestBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a non-static field
+ * in a test class to override a bean in the test's
  * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext ApplicationContext}
  * using a static factory method.
  *

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBean.java

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
 
 /**
- * {@code @MockitoBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a field in a test
- * class to override a bean in the test's
+ * {@code @MockitoBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a non-static field
+ * in a test class to override a bean in the test's
  * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext ApplicationContext}
  * using a Mockito mock.
  *

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoSpyBean.java

@@ -26,8 +26,10 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
 
 /**
- * Mark a field to trigger a bean override using a Mockito spy, which will wrap
- * the original bean instance.
+ * {@code @MockitoSpyBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a non-static
+ * field in a test class to override a bean in the test's
+ * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext ApplicationContext}
+ * with a Mockito spy that wraps the original bean instance.
  *
  * <p>By default, the bean to spy is inferred from the type of the annotated
  * field. If multiple candidates exist, a {@code @Qualifier} annotation can be

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideHandlerTests.java

@@ -86,6 +86,14 @@ class BeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 				.withMessageContaining(faultyField.toString());
 	}
 
+	@Test  // gh-33922
+	void forTestClassWithStaticBeanOverrideField() {
+		Field staticField = field(StaticBeanOverrideField.class, "message");
+		assertThatIllegalStateException()
+				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(StaticBeanOverrideField.class))
+				.withMessage("@BeanOverride field must not be static: " + staticField);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void getBeanNameIsNullByDefault() {
 		BeanOverrideHandler handler = createBeanOverrideHandler(field(ConfigA.class, "noQualifier"));
@@ -246,6 +254,12 @@ class BeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 		}
 	}
 
+	static class StaticBeanOverrideField {
+
+		@DummyBean
+		static String message;
+	}
+
 	static class ConfigA {
 
 		ExampleService noQualifier;