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Juergen Hoeller 2023-09-11 17:36:57 +02:00
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100
framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/scheduling.adoc
View File

@ -5,16 +5,11 @@ The Spring Framework provides abstractions for the asynchronous execution and sc
tasks with the `TaskExecutor` and `TaskScheduler` interfaces, respectively. Spring also
features implementations of those interfaces that support thread pools or delegation to
CommonJ within an application server environment. Ultimately, the use of these
implementations behind the common interfaces abstracts away the differences between Java
SE 5, Java SE 6, and Jakarta EE environments.
implementations behind the common interfaces abstracts away the differences between
Java SE and Jakarta EE environments.
Spring also features integration classes to support scheduling with the `Timer`
(part of the JDK since 1.3) and the https://www.quartz-scheduler.org/[Quartz Scheduler].
You can set up both of those schedulers by using a `FactoryBean` with optional references to
`Timer` or `Trigger` instances, respectively. Furthermore, a convenience class for both
the Quartz Scheduler and the `Timer` is available that lets you invoke a method of
an existing target object (analogous to the normal `MethodInvokingFactoryBean`
operation).
Spring also features integration classes to support scheduling with the
https://www.quartz-scheduler.org/[Quartz Scheduler].
@ -261,8 +256,8 @@ execution.
[[scheduling-enable-annotation-support]]
=== Enable Scheduling Annotations
To enable support for `@Scheduled` and `@Async` annotations, you can add `@EnableScheduling` and
`@EnableAsync` to one of your `@Configuration` classes, as the following example shows:
To enable support for `@Scheduled` and `@Async` annotations, you can add `@EnableScheduling`
and `@EnableAsync` to one of your `@Configuration` classes, as the following example shows:
[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
----
@ -336,7 +331,7 @@ For example, the previous example can also be written as follows.
If you need a fixed-rate execution, you can use the `fixedRate` attribute within the
annotation. The following method is invoked every five seconds (measured between the
successive start times of each invocation).
successive start times of each invocation):
[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
----
@ -346,9 +341,9 @@ successive start times of each invocation).
}
----
For fixed-delay and fixed-rate tasks, you can specify an initial delay by indicating the
amount of time to wait before the first execution of the method, as the following
`fixedRate` example shows.
For fixed-delay and fixed-rate tasks, you can specify an initial delay by indicating
the amount of time to wait before the first execution of the method, as the following
`fixedRate` example shows:
[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
----
@ -417,8 +412,8 @@ to a method that returns `void`, as the following example shows:
Unlike the methods annotated with the `@Scheduled` annotation, these methods can expect
arguments, because they are invoked in the "`normal`" way by callers at runtime rather
than from a scheduled task being managed by the container. For example, the following code is
a legitimate application of the `@Async` annotation:
than from a scheduled task being managed by the container. For example, the following
code is a legitimate application of the `@Async` annotation:
[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
----
@ -442,15 +437,15 @@ that returns a value:
}
----
TIP: `@Async` methods may not only declare a regular `java.util.concurrent.Future` return type
but also Spring's `org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture` or, as of Spring
4.2, JDK 8's `java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture`, for richer interaction with the
asynchronous task and for immediate composition with further processing steps.
TIP: `@Async` methods may not only declare a regular `java.util.concurrent.Future` return
type but also Spring's `org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture` or, as of
Spring 4.2, JDK 8's `java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture`, for richer interaction with
the asynchronous task and for immediate composition with further processing steps.
You can not use `@Async` in conjunction with lifecycle callbacks such as
`@PostConstruct`. To asynchronously initialize Spring beans, you currently have to use
a separate initializing Spring bean that then invokes the `@Async` annotated method on the
target, as the following example shows:
You can not use `@Async` in conjunction with lifecycle callbacks such as `@PostConstruct`.
To asynchronously initialize Spring beans, you currently have to use a separate
initializing Spring bean that then invokes the `@Async` annotated method on the target,
as the following example shows:
[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
----
@ -504,8 +499,8 @@ used when executing a given method. The following example shows how to do so:
----
In this case, `"otherExecutor"` can be the name of any `Executor` bean in the Spring
container, or it may be the name of a qualifier associated with any `Executor` (for example, as
specified with the `<qualifier>` element or Spring's `@Qualifier` annotation).
container, or it may be the name of a qualifier associated with any `Executor` (for example,
as specified with the `<qualifier>` element or Spring's `@Qualifier` annotation).
[[scheduling-annotation-support-exception]]
@ -673,14 +668,15 @@ invoked on that object. The following listing shows a simple example:
----
The scheduler is referenced by the outer element, and each individual
task includes the configuration of its trigger metadata. In the preceding example, that
metadata defines a periodic trigger with a fixed delay indicating the number of
task includes the configuration of its trigger metadata. In the preceding example,
that metadata defines a periodic trigger with a fixed delay indicating the number of
milliseconds to wait after each task execution has completed. Another option is
`fixed-rate`, indicating how often the method should be run regardless of how long
any previous execution takes. Additionally, for both `fixed-delay` and `fixed-rate` tasks, you can specify an
'initial-delay' parameter, indicating the number of milliseconds to wait
before the first execution of the method. For more control, you can instead provide a `cron` attribute
to provide a xref:integration/scheduling.adoc#scheduling-cron-expression[cron expression].
any previous execution takes. Additionally, for both `fixed-delay` and `fixed-rate`
tasks, you can specify an 'initial-delay' parameter, indicating the number of
milliseconds to wait before the first execution of the method. For more control,
you can instead provide a `cron` attribute to provide a
xref:integration/scheduling.adoc#scheduling-cron-expression[cron expression].
The following example shows these other options:
[source,xml,indent=0]
@ -703,9 +699,8 @@ The following example shows these other options:
All Spring cron expressions have to conform to the same format, whether you are using them in
xref:integration/scheduling.adoc#scheduling-annotation-support-scheduled[`@Scheduled` annotations],
xref:integration/scheduling.adoc#scheduling-task-namespace-scheduled-tasks[`task:scheduled-tasks` elements],
or someplace else.
A well-formed cron expression, such as `* * * * * *`, consists of six space-separated time and date
fields, each with its own range of valid values:
or someplace else. A well-formed cron expression, such as `* * * * * *`, consists of six
space-separated time and date fields, each with its own range of valid values:
....
@ -770,9 +765,10 @@ Here are some examples:
[[macros]]
=== Macros
Expressions such as `0 0 * * * *` are hard for humans to parse and are, therefore, hard to fix in case of bugs.
To improve readability, Spring supports the following macros, which represent commonly used sequences.
You can use these macros instead of the six-digit value, thus: `@Scheduled(cron = "@hourly")`.
Expressions such as `0 0 * * * *` are hard for humans to parse and are, therefore,
hard to fix in case of bugs. To improve readability, Spring supports the following
macros, which represent commonly used sequences. You can use these macros instead
of the six-digit value, thus: `@Scheduled(cron = "@hourly")`.
|===
|Macro | Meaning
@ -789,8 +785,8 @@ You can use these macros instead of the six-digit value, thus: `@Scheduled(cron
[[scheduling-quartz]]
== Using the Quartz Scheduler
Quartz uses `Trigger`, `Job`, and `JobDetail` objects to realize scheduling of all kinds
of jobs. For the basic concepts behind Quartz, see the
Quartz uses `Trigger`, `Job`, and `JobDetail` objects to realize scheduling of all
kinds of jobs. For the basic concepts behind Quartz, see the
https://www.quartz-scheduler.org/[Quartz Web site]. For convenience purposes, Spring
offers a couple of classes that simplify using Quartz within Spring-based applications.
@ -798,9 +794,9 @@ offers a couple of classes that simplify using Quartz within Spring-based applic
[[scheduling-quartz-jobdetail]]
=== Using the `JobDetailFactoryBean`
Quartz `JobDetail` objects contain all the information needed to run a job. Spring provides a
`JobDetailFactoryBean`, which provides bean-style properties for XML configuration purposes.
Consider the following example:
Quartz `JobDetail` objects contain all the information needed to run a job. Spring
provides a `JobDetailFactoryBean`, which provides bean-style properties for XML
configuration purposes. Consider the following example:
[source,xml,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
----
@ -817,9 +813,9 @@ Consider the following example:
The job detail configuration has all the information it needs to run the job (`ExampleJob`).
The timeout is specified in the job data map. The job data map is available through the
`JobExecutionContext` (passed to you at execution time), but the `JobDetail` also gets
its properties from the job data mapped to properties of the job instance. So, in the following example,
the `ExampleJob` contains a bean property named `timeout`, and the `JobDetail`
has it applied automatically:
its properties from the job data mapped to properties of the job instance. So, in the
following example, the `ExampleJob` contains a bean property named `timeout`, and the
`JobDetail` has it applied automatically:
[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",chomp="-packages"]
----
@ -912,8 +908,8 @@ NOTE: By default, jobs will run in a concurrent fashion.
[[scheduling-quartz-cron]]
=== Wiring up Jobs by Using Triggers and `SchedulerFactoryBean`
We have created job details and jobs. We have also reviewed the convenience bean that lets
you invoke a method on a specific object. Of course, we still need to schedule the
We have created job details and jobs. We have also reviewed the convenience bean that
lets you invoke a method on a specific object. Of course, we still need to schedule the
jobs themselves. This is done by using triggers and a `SchedulerFactoryBean`. Several
triggers are available within Quartz, and Spring offers two Quartz `FactoryBean`
implementations with convenient defaults: `CronTriggerFactoryBean` and
@ -944,9 +940,9 @@ The following listing uses both a `SimpleTriggerFactoryBean` and a `CronTriggerF
</bean>
----
The preceding example sets up two triggers, one running every 50 seconds with a starting delay of 10
seconds and one running every morning at 6 AM. To finalize everything, we need to set up the
`SchedulerFactoryBean`, as the following example shows:
The preceding example sets up two triggers, one running every 50 seconds with a starting
delay of 10 seconds and one running every morning at 6 AM. To finalize everything,
we need to set up the `SchedulerFactoryBean`, as the following example shows:
[source,xml,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
----

1
spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/FixedRateTask.java
View File

@ -56,5 +56,4 @@ public class FixedRateTask extends IntervalTask {
super(task);
}
}

2
spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/IntervalTask.java
View File

@ -99,8 +99,6 @@ public class IntervalTask extends Task {
}
/**
* Return how often in milliseconds the task should be executed.
* @deprecated as of 6.0, in favor of {@link #getIntervalDuration()}

39
spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/core/JdbcTemplateQueryTests.java
View File

@ -66,15 +66,17 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
@BeforeEach
public void setUp() throws Exception {
public void setup() throws Exception {
given(this.dataSource.getConnection()).willReturn(this.connection);
given(this.connection.createStatement()).willReturn(this.statement);
given(this.connection.prepareStatement(anyString())).willReturn(this.preparedStatement);
given(this.statement.getConnection()).willReturn(this.connection);
given(this.statement.executeQuery(anyString())).willReturn(this.resultSet);
given(this.preparedStatement.getConnection()).willReturn(this.connection);
given(this.preparedStatement.executeQuery()).willReturn(this.resultSet);
given(this.resultSet.getMetaData()).willReturn(this.resultSetMetaData);
given(this.resultSetMetaData.getColumnCount()).willReturn(1);
given(this.resultSetMetaData.getColumnLabel(1)).willReturn("age");
given(this.connection.createStatement()).willReturn(this.statement);
given(this.connection.prepareStatement(anyString())).willReturn(this.preparedStatement);
given(this.preparedStatement.executeQuery()).willReturn(this.resultSet);
given(this.statement.executeQuery(anyString())).willReturn(this.resultSet);
}
@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(((Integer) li.get(1).get("age"))).as("Second row is Integer").isEqualTo(12);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -99,6 +102,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(li).as("All rows returned").isEmpty();
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -111,6 +115,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(((Integer) li.get(0).get("age"))).as("First row is Integer").isEqualTo(11);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -123,6 +128,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(li.get(0)).as("Element is Integer").isEqualTo(11);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -134,6 +140,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat((Integer) map.get("age")).as("Wow is Integer").isEqualTo(11);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -145,6 +152,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
this.template.queryForObject(sql, String.class));
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -156,6 +164,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(o).as("Correct result type").isInstanceOf(Integer.class);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -173,6 +182,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(count.get()).isEqualTo(1);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -183,6 +193,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(this.template.queryForObject(sql, String.class)).isEqualTo("myvalue");
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -193,6 +204,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(this.template.queryForObject(sql, BigInteger.class)).isEqualTo(new BigInteger("22"));
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -203,6 +215,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(this.template.queryForObject(sql, BigDecimal.class)).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("22.5"));
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -213,6 +226,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(this.template.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class)).isEqualTo(Integer.valueOf(22));
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -224,6 +238,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(this.template.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class)).isNull();
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -235,6 +250,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(i).as("Return of an int").isEqualTo(22);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -246,6 +262,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(i).as("Return of an int").isEqualTo(22);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -257,6 +274,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(l).as("Return of a long").isEqualTo(87);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -268,6 +286,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
assertThat(l).as("Return of a long").isEqualTo(87);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.statement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -290,6 +309,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -301,6 +321,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -314,6 +335,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -327,6 +349,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -339,6 +362,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -351,6 +375,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -369,6 +394,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -381,6 +407,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -393,6 +420,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
@Test
@ -405,6 +433,7 @@ public class JdbcTemplateQueryTests {
verify(this.preparedStatement).setObject(1, 3);
verify(this.resultSet).close();
verify(this.preparedStatement).close();
verify(this.connection).close();
}
}

6
spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/core/JdbcTemplateTests.java
View File

@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ public class JdbcTemplateTests {
public void setup() throws Exception {
given(this.dataSource.getConnection()).willReturn(this.connection);
given(this.connection.prepareStatement(anyString())).willReturn(this.preparedStatement);
given(this.connection.prepareCall(anyString())).willReturn(this.callableStatement);
given(this.statement.getConnection()).willReturn(this.connection);
given(this.statement.executeQuery(anyString())).willReturn(this.resultSet);
given(this.preparedStatement.executeQuery()).willReturn(this.resultSet);
given(this.preparedStatement.executeQuery(anyString())).willReturn(this.resultSet);
given(this.preparedStatement.getConnection()).willReturn(this.connection);
given(this.statement.getConnection()).willReturn(this.connection);
given(this.statement.executeQuery(anyString())).willReturn(this.resultSet);
given(this.connection.prepareCall(anyString())).willReturn(this.callableStatement);
given(this.callableStatement.getResultSet()).willReturn(this.resultSet);
}