[SPR-8627] Deprecated @ExpectedException.
[SPR-8240] cleaned up and formatted the testing chapter.
This commit is contained in:
Sam Brannen
parent
0460a5eceb
commit
7908d05c71
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@ -115,9 +115,9 @@
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<para>The <literal>org.springframework.test.web</literal> package
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contains <classname>ModelAndViewAssert</classname>, which you can use
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in combination with JUnit, TestNG, or any other testing framework
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for unit tests dealing
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with Spring MVC <classname>ModelAndView</classname> objects.</para>
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in combination with JUnit, TestNG, or any other testing framework for
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unit tests dealing with Spring MVC <classname>ModelAndView</classname>
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objects.</para>
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<tip>
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<title>Unit testing Spring MVC Controllers</title>
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@ -157,22 +157,19 @@
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The Spring Framework provides first-class support for
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integration testing in
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the <filename class="libraryfile">spring-test</filename> module.
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The name of the actual JAR file might include the release
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version and might also be in the
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long <filename>org.springframework.test</filename> form,
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depending on where you got it from (see
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the <link linkend="dependency-management"> section on Dependency
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Management</link> for an explanation). This library includes
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the <literal>org.springframework.test</literal> package, which
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<para>The Spring Framework provides first-class support for integration
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testing in the <filename class="libraryfile">spring-test</filename>
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module. The name of the actual JAR file might include the release
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version and might also be in the long
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<filename>org.springframework.test</filename> form, depending on where
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you get it from (see the <link linkend="dependency-management">section
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on Dependency Management</link> for an explanation). This library
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includes the <literal>org.springframework.test</literal> package, which
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contains valuable classes for integration testing with a Spring
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container. This testing does not rely on an application server
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or other deployment environment. Such tests are slower to run
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than unit tests but much faster than the equivalent Cactus
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tests or remote tests that rely on deployment to an application
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server.</para>
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container. This testing does not rely on an application server or other
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deployment environment. Such tests are slower to run than unit tests but
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much faster than the equivalent Cactus tests or remote tests that rely
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on deployment to an application server.</para>
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<para>In Spring 2.5 and later, unit and integration testing support is
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provided in the form of the annotation-driven <link
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@ -184,50 +181,56 @@
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<warning>
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<title>JUnit 3.8 support is deprecated</title>
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<para>As of Spring 3.0, the legacy JUnit 3.8 base class hierarchy (i.e.,
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<para>As of Spring 3.0, the legacy JUnit 3.8 base class hierarchy
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(i.e.,
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<classname>AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests</classname>,
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<classname>AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests</classname>,
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etc.) is officially deprecated and will be removed in a later release.
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Any test classes based on this code should be migrated to the
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<link linkend="testcontext-framework">Spring
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TestContext Framework</link>.</para>
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Any test classes based on this code should be migrated to the <link
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linkend="testcontext-framework">Spring TestContext
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Framework</link>.</para>
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<para>As of Spring 3.1, the JUnit 3.8 base classes in the Spring
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TestContext Framework (i.e.,
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<classname>AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests</classname> and
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<classname>AbstractTransactionalJUnit38SpringContextTests</classname>)
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have been officially deprecated and will be removed in a later release.
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Any test classes based on this code should be migrated to the JUnit 4
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or TestNG support provided by the <link linkend="testcontext-framework">Spring
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TestContext Framework</link>.</para>
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and <interfacename>@ExpectedException</interfacename> have been
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officially deprecated and will be removed in a later release. Any test
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classes based on this code should be migrated to the JUnit 4 or TestNG
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support provided by the <link linkend="testcontext-framework">Spring
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TestContext Framework</link>. Similarly, any test methods annotated
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with <interfacename>@ExpectedException</interfacename> should be
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modified to use the built-in support for expected exceptions in JUnit
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and TestNG.</para>
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</warning>
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</section>
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<section id="integration-testing-goals">
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<title>Goals of integration testing</title>
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<para>Spring's integration testing support has the following
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primary goals:</para>
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<para>Spring's integration testing support has the following primary
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goals:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>To manage <link linkend="testing-ctx-management">Spring IoC container
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caching</link> between test execution.</para>
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<para>To manage <link linkend="testing-ctx-management">Spring IoC
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container caching</link> between test execution.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>To provide <link linkend="testing-fixture-di">Dependency Injection of
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test fixture instances</link>.</para>
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<para>To provide <link linkend="testing-fixture-di">Dependency
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Injection of test fixture instances</link>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>To provide <link linkend="testing-tx">transaction management</link>
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appropriate to integration testing.</para>
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<para>To provide <link linkend="testing-tx">transaction
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management</link> appropriate to integration testing.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>To supply <link linkend="testing-support-classes">Spring-specific
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base classes</link> that assist developers in writing integration
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<para>To supply <link
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linkend="testing-support-classes">Spring-specific base
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classes</link> that assist developers in writing integration
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tests.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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@ -241,7 +244,7 @@
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<para>The Spring TestContext Framework provides consistent loading of
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Spring <classname>ApplicationContext</classname>s and caching of those
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contexts. Support for the caching of loaded contexts is important,
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because startup time can become an issue — not because of the overhead
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because startup time can become an issue — not because of the overhead
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of Spring itself, but because the objects instantiated by the Spring
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container take time to instantiate. For example, a project with 50 to
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100 Hibernate mapping files might take 10 to 20 seconds to load the
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@ -249,8 +252,10 @@
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every test fixture leads to slower overall test runs that could reduce
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productivity.</para>
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<!--TODO Modify the following paragraph regarding 3.1's support for @Configuration classes.-->
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<para>Test classes provide an array containing the resource locations
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of XML configuration metadata — typically in the classpath — that is
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of XML configuration metadata — typically in the classpath — that is
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used to configure the application. These locations are the same as or
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similar to the list of configuration locations specified in
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<literal>web.xml</literal> or other deployment configuration
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@ -258,13 +263,13 @@
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<para>By default, once loaded, the configured
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<interfacename>ApplicationContext</interfacename> is reused for each
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test. Thus the setup cost is incurred only once (per test suite),
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and subsequent test execution is much faster. In the unlikely case
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that a test corrupts the application context and requires reloading —
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for example, by modifying a bean definition or the state of an
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application object — the TestContext framework can be configured
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to reload the configuration and rebuild the application
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context before executing the next test.</para>
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test. Thus the setup cost is incurred only once (per test suite), and
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subsequent test execution is much faster. In the unlikely case that a
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test corrupts the application context and requires reloading — for
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example, by modifying a bean definition or the state of an application
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object — the TestContext framework can be configured to reload the
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configuration and rebuild the application context before executing the
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next test.</para>
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<para>See context management and caching with the <link
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linkend="testcontext-ctx-management">TestContext
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@ -282,12 +287,13 @@
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contexts across various testing scenarios (e.g., for configuring
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Spring-managed object graphs, transactional proxies,
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<classname>DataSource</classname>s, etc.), thus avoiding the need to
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duplicate complex test fixture set up for individual test cases.</para>
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duplicate complex test fixture set up for individual test
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cases.</para>
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<para>As an example, consider the scenario where we have a class,
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<classname>HibernateTitleRepository</classname>, that performs data access
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logic for say, the <classname>Title</classname> domain object. We want
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to write integration tests that test all of the following
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<classname>HibernateTitleRepository</classname>, that performs data
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access logic for say, the <classname>Title</classname> domain object.
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We want to write integration tests that test all of the following
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areas:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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@ -305,9 +311,9 @@
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The logic of the <classname>HibernateTitleRepository</classname>:
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does the configured instance of this class perform as
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anticipated?</para>
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<para>The logic of the
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<classname>HibernateTitleRepository</classname>: does the
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configured instance of this class perform as anticipated?</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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@ -321,8 +327,8 @@
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<para>One common issue in tests that access a real database is their
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affect on the state of the persistence store. Even when you're using a
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development database, changes to the state may affect future tests.
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Also, many operations — such as inserting or modifying persistent data
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— cannot be performed (or verified) outside a transaction.</para>
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Also, many operations — such as inserting or modifying persistent data
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— cannot be performed (or verified) outside a transaction.</para>
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<para>The TestContext framework addresses this issue. By default, the
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framework will create and roll back a transaction for each test. You
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@ -336,9 +342,9 @@
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a <classname>PlatformTransactionManager</classname> bean defined in
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the test's application context.</para>
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<para>If you want a transaction to commit — unusual, but occasionally
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<para>If you want a transaction to commit — unusual, but occasionally
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useful when you want a particular test to populate or modify the
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database — the TestContext framework can be instructed to cause the
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database — the TestContext framework can be instructed to cause the
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transaction to commit instead of roll back via the <link
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linkend="integration-testing-annotations"><interfacename>@TransactionConfiguration</interfacename></link>
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and <link
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@ -367,14 +373,14 @@
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<listitem>
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<para>A <classname>SimpleJdbcTemplate</classname>, for executing
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SQL statements to query the database.
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Such queries can be used to confirm database state both
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<emphasis>prior to</emphasis> and <emphasis>after</emphasis>
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execution of database-related application code, and Spring
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ensures that such queries run in the scope of the same
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transaction as the application code. When used in conjunction
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with an ORM tool, be sure to avoid
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<link linkend="testcontext-tx-false-positives">false positives</link>.</para>
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SQL statements to query the database. Such queries can be used to
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confirm database state both <emphasis>prior to</emphasis> and
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<emphasis>after</emphasis> execution of database-related
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application code, and Spring ensures that such queries run in the
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scope of the same transaction as the application code. When used
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in conjunction with an ORM tool, be sure to avoid <link
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linkend="testcontext-tx-false-positives">false
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positives</link>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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@ -408,7 +414,7 @@
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<para>The Spring Framework provides the following set of
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<emphasis>Spring-specific</emphasis> annotations that you can use in
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your unit and integration tests in conjunction with the TestContext
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framework. Refer to the respective JavaDoc for further information,
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framework. Refer to the respective Javadoc for further information,
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including default attribute values, attribute aliases, and so on.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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@ -422,7 +428,10 @@
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<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename> defines the
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application context resource <literal>locations</literal> to load as
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well as the <interfacename>ContextLoader</interfacename> strategy to
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use for loading the context.</para>
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use for loading the context. Note, however, that you typically do
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not need to explicitly configure the loader since the default loader
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supports either resource <varname>locations</varname> or
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configuration <varname>classes</varname>.</para>
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<programlisting language="java">@ContextConfiguration(locations="example/test-context.xml", loader=CustomContextLoader.class)
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public class CustomConfiguredApplicationContextTests {
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@ -433,7 +442,7 @@ public class CustomConfiguredApplicationContextTests {
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<para><interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>
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supports <emphasis>inherited</emphasis> resource locations by
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default. See <link linkend="testcontext-ctx-management">Context
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management and caching</link> and JavaDoc for an example and
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management and caching</link> and Javadoc for an example and
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further details.</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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@ -444,11 +453,11 @@ public class CustomConfiguredApplicationContextTests {
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<para>Indicates that the underlying Spring
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<interfacename>ApplicationContext</interfacename> has been
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<emphasis>dirtied</emphasis> (i.e., modified or corrupted in some manner)
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during the execution of a test and should be closed,
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<emphasis>dirtied</emphasis> (i.e., modified or corrupted in some
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manner) during the execution of a test and should be closed,
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regardless of whether the test passed.
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<interfacename>@DirtiesContext</interfacename> is supported in
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the following scenarios:</para>
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<interfacename>@DirtiesContext</interfacename> is supported in the
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following scenarios:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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@ -474,12 +483,13 @@ public class CustomConfiguredApplicationContextTests {
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<para>With JUnit 4.5+ or TestNG you can use
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<interfacename>@DirtiesContext</interfacename> as both a class-level
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and method-level annotation within the same test class. In such scenarios,
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the <interfacename>ApplicationContext</interfacename> is marked as
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<emphasis>dirty</emphasis> after any such annotated method as well
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as after the entire class. If the <classname>ClassMode</classname>
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is set to <literal>AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD</literal>, the context is
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marked dirty after each test method in the class.</para>
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and method-level annotation within the same test class. In such
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scenarios, the <interfacename>ApplicationContext</interfacename> is
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marked as <emphasis>dirty</emphasis> after any such annotated method
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as well as after the entire class. If the
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<classname>ClassMode</classname> is set to
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<literal>AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD</literal>, the context is marked
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dirty after each test method in the class.</para>
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<programlisting language="java">@DirtiesContext
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public class ContextDirtyingTests {
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@ -511,8 +521,8 @@ public void testProcessWhichDirtiesAppCtx() {
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<para>Defines class-level metadata for configuring which
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<interfacename>TestExecutionListener</interfacename>s should be
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registered with the <classname>TestContextManager</classname>.
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Typically, <interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename>
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is used in conjunction with
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Typically, <interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename> is
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used in conjunction with
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<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>.</para>
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<programlisting language="java">@ContextConfiguration
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@ -523,7 +533,7 @@ public class CustomTestExecutionListenerTests {
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<para><interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename>
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supports <emphasis>inherited</emphasis> listeners by default. See
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the JavaDoc for an example and further details.</para>
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the Javadoc for an example and further details.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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@ -534,8 +544,9 @@ public class CustomTestExecutionListenerTests {
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tests. Specifically, the bean name of the
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<interfacename>PlatformTransactionManager</interfacename> that is to
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be used to drive transactions can be explicitly configured if the
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bean name of the desired <interfacename>PlatformTransactionManager</interfacename>
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is not "transactionManager". In addition, you can change the
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bean name of the desired
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<interfacename>PlatformTransactionManager</interfacename> is not
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"transactionManager". In addition, you can change the
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<literal>defaultRollback</literal> flag to <literal>false</literal>.
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Typically, <interfacename>@TransactionConfiguration</interfacename>
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is used in conjunction with
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@ -548,14 +559,14 @@ public class CustomConfiguredTransactionalTests {
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}</programlisting>
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<note>
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<para>If the default conventions are sufficient for your
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test configuration, you can avoid using
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<interfacename>@TransactionConfiguration</interfacename>
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altogether. In other words, if your transaction
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manager bean is named "transactionManager" and if you want
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transactions to roll back automatically, there is no need
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to annotate your test class with
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<interfacename>@TransactionConfiguration</interfacename>.</para>
|
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<para>If the default conventions are sufficient for your test
|
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configuration, you can avoid using
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<interfacename>@TransactionConfiguration</interfacename>
|
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altogether. In other words, if your transaction manager bean is
|
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named "transactionManager" and if you want transactions to roll
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back automatically, there is no need to annotate your test class
|
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with
|
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<interfacename>@TransactionConfiguration</interfacename>.</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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|
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@ -646,9 +657,8 @@ public void testProcessWithoutTransaction() {
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<para>The following annotations are <emphasis>only</emphasis> supported
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when used in conjunction with the <link
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linkend="testcontext-junit4-runner">SpringJUnit4ClassRunner</link> or
|
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the <link
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linkend="testcontext-support-classes-junit4">JUnit</link> support
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classes.</para>
|
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the <link linkend="testcontext-support-classes-junit4">JUnit</link>
|
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support classes.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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@ -701,31 +711,6 @@ public class CustomProfileValueSourceTests {
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}</programlisting>
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</listitem>
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|
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis
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role="bold"><interfacename>@ExpectedException</interfacename></emphasis></para>
|
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|
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<para>Indicates that the annotated test method is expected to throw
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an exception during execution. The type of the expected exception is
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provided in the annotation, and if an instance of the exception is
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thrown during the test method execution then the test passes.
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Likewise if an instance of the exception is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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thrown during the test method execution then the test fails.</para>
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<programlisting language="java">@ExpectedException(SomeBusinessException.class)
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public void testProcessRainyDayScenario() {
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<lineannotation>// some logic that should result in an <classname>Exception</classname> being thrown</lineannotation>
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}</programlisting>
|
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|
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<para>Using Spring's
|
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<interfacename>@ExpectedException</interfacename> annotation in
|
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conjunction with JUnit's
|
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<interfacename>@Test(expected=...)</interfacename> configuration
|
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would lead to an unresolvable conflict. Developers must therefore
|
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choose one or the other when integrating with JUnit, in which case
|
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it is generally preferable to use the explicit JUnit configuration.</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
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|
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<listitem>
|
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<para><emphasis
|
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role="bold"><interfacename>@Timed</interfacename></emphasis></para>
|
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|
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@ -844,19 +829,19 @@ public void testProcessRepeatedly() {
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Framework</emphasis> (located in the
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<literal>org.springframework.test.context</literal> package) provides
|
||||
generic, annotation-driven unit and integration testing support that is
|
||||
agnostic of the testing framework in use, whether JUnit or TestNG.
|
||||
The TestContext framework also places a
|
||||
great deal of importance on <emphasis>convention over
|
||||
configuration</emphasis> with reasonable defaults that can be overridden
|
||||
through annotation-based configuration.</para>
|
||||
agnostic of the testing framework in use, whether JUnit or TestNG. The
|
||||
TestContext framework also places a great deal of importance on
|
||||
<emphasis>convention over configuration</emphasis> with reasonable
|
||||
defaults that can be overridden through annotation-based
|
||||
configuration.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In addition to generic testing infrastructure, the TestContext
|
||||
framework provides explicit support for JUnit and TestNG in the
|
||||
form of <literal>abstract</literal> support classes.
|
||||
For JUnit, Spring also provides a custom JUnit
|
||||
<interfacename>Runner</interfacename> that allows one to write
|
||||
so called <emphasis>POJO test classes</emphasis>. POJO test classes
|
||||
are not required to extend a particular class hierarchy.</para>
|
||||
framework provides explicit support for JUnit and TestNG in the form of
|
||||
<literal>abstract</literal> support classes. For JUnit, Spring also
|
||||
provides a custom JUnit <interfacename>Runner</interfacename> that
|
||||
allows one to write so called <emphasis>POJO test classes</emphasis>.
|
||||
POJO test classes are not required to extend a particular class
|
||||
hierarchy.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The following section provides an overview of the internals of the
|
||||
TestContext framework. If you are only interested in using the framework
|
||||
|
|
@ -884,7 +869,7 @@ public void testProcessRepeatedly() {
|
|||
test progresses and delegates to
|
||||
<interfacename>TestExecutionListener</interfacename>s, which
|
||||
instrument the actual test execution, by providing dependency
|
||||
injection, managing transactions, and so on. Consult the JavaDoc and
|
||||
injection, managing transactions, and so on. Consult the Javadoc and
|
||||
the Spring test suite for further information and examples of various
|
||||
configurations.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -892,7 +877,8 @@ public void testProcessRepeatedly() {
|
|||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><classname>TestContext</classname>: Encapsulates the context
|
||||
in which a test is executed, agnostic of the actual testing
|
||||
framework in use.</para>
|
||||
framework in use, and provides context management and caching
|
||||
support for the test instance for which it is responsible.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
|
@ -908,20 +894,24 @@ public void testProcessRepeatedly() {
|
|||
<para>prior to any <emphasis>before class methods</emphasis>
|
||||
of a particular testing framework</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>test instance preparation</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>prior to any <emphasis>before methods</emphasis>
|
||||
of a particular testing framework</para>
|
||||
<para>prior to any <emphasis>before methods</emphasis> of a
|
||||
particular testing framework</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>after any <emphasis>after methods</emphasis>
|
||||
of a particular testing framework</para>
|
||||
<para>after any <emphasis>after methods</emphasis> of a
|
||||
particular testing framework</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>after any <emphasis>after class methods</emphasis>
|
||||
of a particular testing framework</para>
|
||||
<para>after any <emphasis>after class methods</emphasis> of a
|
||||
particular testing framework</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
|
@ -942,7 +932,8 @@ public void testProcessRepeatedly() {
|
|||
Respectively, they support dependency injection of the test
|
||||
instance, handling of the
|
||||
<interfacename>@DirtiesContext</interfacename> annotation, and
|
||||
transactional test execution with default rollback semantics.</para>
|
||||
transactional test execution with default rollback
|
||||
semantics.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -990,20 +981,20 @@ public class MyTest {
|
|||
}</programlisting>
|
||||
</tip>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In contrast to the deprecated JUnit 3.8 legacy class
|
||||
hierarchy, test classes that use the TestContext framework do not need
|
||||
to override any <literal>protected</literal> instance methods to
|
||||
<para>In contrast to the deprecated JUnit 3.8 legacy class hierarchy,
|
||||
test classes that use the TestContext framework do not need to
|
||||
override any <literal>protected</literal> instance methods to
|
||||
configure their application context. Rather, configuration is achieved
|
||||
merely by declaring the
|
||||
<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename> annotation at the
|
||||
class level. If your test class does not explicitly declare
|
||||
application context resource <literal>locations</literal>, the
|
||||
configured <interfacename>ContextLoader</interfacename> determines how
|
||||
and whether to load a context from a default location. For
|
||||
example, <classname>GenericXmlContextLoader</classname>, which is the
|
||||
default <interfacename>ContextLoader</interfacename>, generates a
|
||||
default location based on the name of the test class. If your class is
|
||||
named <literal>com.example.MyTest</literal>,
|
||||
and whether to load a context from a default location. For example,
|
||||
<classname>GenericXmlContextLoader</classname>, which is the default
|
||||
<interfacename>ContextLoader</interfacename>, generates a default
|
||||
location based on the name of the test class. If your class is named
|
||||
<literal>com.example.MyTest</literal>,
|
||||
<classname>GenericXmlContextLoader</classname> loads your application
|
||||
context from
|
||||
<literal>"classpath:/com/example/MyTest-context.xml"</literal>.</para>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1022,16 +1013,16 @@ public class MyTest {
|
|||
<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename> with an array
|
||||
that contains the resource locations of XML configuration metadata
|
||||
(assuming an XML-capable <interfacename>ContextLoader</interfacename>
|
||||
has been configured, which is the default). A plain path, for
|
||||
example <literal>"context.xml"</literal>, will be treated as a
|
||||
classpath resource from the same package in which the test class
|
||||
is defined. A path starting with a slash is treated as a fully qualified
|
||||
classpath location, for example <literal>"/org/example/config.xml"</literal>.
|
||||
A path which represents a URL (i.e., a path prefixed with
|
||||
has been configured, which is the default). A plain path, for example
|
||||
<literal>"context.xml"</literal>, will be treated as a classpath
|
||||
resource from the same package in which the test class is defined. A
|
||||
path starting with a slash is treated as a fully qualified classpath
|
||||
location, for example <literal>"/org/example/config.xml"</literal>. A
|
||||
path which represents a URL (i.e., a path prefixed with
|
||||
<literal>classpath:</literal>, <literal>file:</literal>,
|
||||
<literal>http:</literal>, etc.) will be used <emphasis>as is</emphasis>.
|
||||
Alternatively, you can implement and configure your own custom
|
||||
<interfacename>ContextLoader</interfacename>.</para>
|
||||
<literal>http:</literal>, etc.) will be used <emphasis>as
|
||||
is</emphasis>. Alternatively, you can implement and configure your own
|
||||
custom <interfacename>ContextLoader</interfacename>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting language="java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
|
||||
<lineannotation>// ApplicationContext will be loaded from <literal>"/applicationContext.xml"</literal> and <literal>"/applicationContext-test.xml"</literal></lineannotation>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1049,10 +1040,9 @@ public class MyTest {
|
|||
attribute name and declare the resource locations by using the
|
||||
shorthand format demonstrated in the following example.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename> also supports a
|
||||
boolean <literal>inheritLocations</literal> attribute that denotes
|
||||
whether resource locations from superclasses should be
|
||||
<para><interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename> also
|
||||
supports a boolean <literal>inheritLocations</literal> attribute that
|
||||
denotes whether resource locations from superclasses should be
|
||||
<emphasis>inherited</emphasis>. The default value is
|
||||
<literal>true</literal>, which means that an annotated class inherits
|
||||
the resource locations defined by an annotated superclass.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1060,7 +1050,8 @@ public class MyTest {
|
|||
appended to the list of resource locations defined by an annotated
|
||||
superclass. Thus, subclasses have the option of
|
||||
<emphasis>extending</emphasis> the list of resource locations. In the
|
||||
following example, the <interfacename>ApplicationContext</interfacename> for
|
||||
following example, the
|
||||
<interfacename>ApplicationContext</interfacename> for
|
||||
<classname>ExtendedTest</classname> is loaded from "/base-context.xml"
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">and</emphasis> "/extended-context.xml", in that
|
||||
order. Beans defined in "/extended-context.xml" may therefore override
|
||||
|
|
@ -1082,38 +1073,38 @@ public class ExtendedTest extends BaseTest {
|
|||
|
||||
<para>If <literal>inheritLocations</literal> is set to
|
||||
<literal>false</literal>, the resource locations for the annotated
|
||||
class shadow and effectively replace any resource locations defined
|
||||
by a superclass.</para>
|
||||
class shadow and effectively replace any resource locations defined by
|
||||
a superclass.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>By default, once loaded, the configured
|
||||
<interfacename>ApplicationContext</interfacename> is reused for each
|
||||
test. Thus the setup cost is incurred only once (per test suite),
|
||||
and subsequent test execution is much faster. In the unlikely case
|
||||
that a test corrupts the application context and requires reloading —
|
||||
for example, by modifying a bean definition or the state of an
|
||||
application object — you can annotate your test class or test
|
||||
method with <interfacename>@DirtiesContext</interfacename> (assuming
|
||||
test. Thus the setup cost is incurred only once (per test suite), and
|
||||
subsequent test execution is much faster. In the unlikely case that a
|
||||
test corrupts the application context and requires reloading — for
|
||||
example, by modifying a bean definition or the state of an application
|
||||
object — you can annotate your test class or test method with
|
||||
<interfacename>@DirtiesContext</interfacename> (assuming
|
||||
<classname>DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener</classname> has been
|
||||
configured, which is the default). This instructs Spring to reload
|
||||
the configuration and rebuild the application context before
|
||||
executing the next test.</para>
|
||||
configured, which is the default). This instructs Spring to reload the
|
||||
configuration and rebuild the application context before executing the
|
||||
next test.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="testcontext-fixture-di">
|
||||
<title>Dependency Injection of test fixtures</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>When you use the
|
||||
<classname>DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener</classname> —
|
||||
which is configured by default — the dependencies of your
|
||||
test instances are <emphasis>injected</emphasis> from beans in the
|
||||
<classname>DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener</classname> —
|
||||
which is configured by default — the dependencies of your test
|
||||
instances are <emphasis>injected</emphasis> from beans in the
|
||||
application context that you configured with
|
||||
<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>. You may use setter
|
||||
injection, field injection, or both, depending on which annotations
|
||||
you choose and whether you place them on setter methods or fields. For
|
||||
consistency with the annotation support introduced in Spring 3.0, you
|
||||
can use Spring's <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> annotation
|
||||
or the <interfacename>@Inject</interfacename> annotation from JSR
|
||||
300. </para>
|
||||
<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>. You may use
|
||||
setter injection, field injection, or both, depending on which
|
||||
annotations you choose and whether you place them on setter methods or
|
||||
fields. For consistency with the annotation support introduced in
|
||||
Spring 3.0, you can use Spring's
|
||||
<interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> annotation or the
|
||||
<interfacename>@Inject</interfacename> annotation from JSR 300.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<tip>
|
||||
<para>The TestContext framework does not instrument the manner in
|
||||
|
|
@ -1123,42 +1114,42 @@ public class ExtendedTest extends BaseTest {
|
|||
effect for test classes.</para>
|
||||
</tip>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Because <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> used solely performs <link
|
||||
linkend="beans-factory-autowire"><emphasis>autowiring by
|
||||
<para>Because <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> is used to
|
||||
perform <link linkend="beans-factory-autowire"><emphasis>autowiring by
|
||||
type</emphasis></link>, if you have multiple bean definitions of the
|
||||
same type, you cannot rely on this approach for those particular
|
||||
beans. In that case, you can use <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> in
|
||||
conjunction with <interfacename>@Qualifier</interfacename>. As of
|
||||
Spring 3.0 you may also choose to use
|
||||
<interfacename>@Inject</interfacename> in conjunction with
|
||||
<interfacename>@Named</interfacename>.
|
||||
Alternatively, if your test class has access to its
|
||||
beans. In that case, you can use
|
||||
<interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> in conjunction with
|
||||
<interfacename>@Qualifier</interfacename>. As of Spring 3.0 you may
|
||||
also choose to use <interfacename>@Inject</interfacename> in
|
||||
conjunction with <interfacename>@Named</interfacename>. Alternatively,
|
||||
if your test class has access to its
|
||||
<classname>ApplicationContext</classname>, you can perform an explicit
|
||||
lookup by using (for example) a call to
|
||||
<methodname>applicationContext.getBean("titleRepository")</methodname>. </para>
|
||||
<methodname>applicationContext.getBean("titleRepository")</methodname>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you do not want dependency injection applied to your test
|
||||
instances, simply do not annotate fields or setter methods with
|
||||
<interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> or
|
||||
<interfacename>@Inject</interfacename>. Alternatively, you can
|
||||
disable dependency injection altogether by explicitly configuring your
|
||||
class with <interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename> and
|
||||
<interfacename>@Inject</interfacename>. Alternatively, you can disable
|
||||
dependency injection altogether by explicitly configuring your class
|
||||
with <interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename> and
|
||||
omitting
|
||||
<literal>DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class</literal> from
|
||||
the list of listeners.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Consider the scenario of testing a
|
||||
<classname>HibernateTitleRepository</classname> class, as outlined in the <link
|
||||
linkend="integration-testing-goals">Goals</link> section. The next two
|
||||
code listings demonstrate the use of <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> on fields
|
||||
and setter methods. The application context configuration is presented
|
||||
after all sample code listings.</para>
|
||||
<classname>HibernateTitleRepository</classname> class, as outlined in
|
||||
the <link linkend="integration-testing-goals">Goals</link> section.
|
||||
The next two code listings demonstrate the use of
|
||||
<interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> on fields and setter
|
||||
methods. The application context configuration is presented after all
|
||||
sample code listings.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>The dependency injection behavior in the following code
|
||||
listings is not specific to JUnit. The same DI
|
||||
techniques can be used in conjunction with any testing
|
||||
framework.</para>
|
||||
listings is not specific to JUnit. The same DI techniques can be
|
||||
used in conjunction with any testing framework.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The following examples make calls to static assertion methods
|
||||
such as <literal>assertNotNull()</literal> but without prepending
|
||||
|
|
@ -1168,9 +1159,9 @@ public class ExtendedTest extends BaseTest {
|
|||
example.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The first code listing shows a JUnit-based implementation
|
||||
of the test class that uses <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename>
|
||||
for field injection.</para>
|
||||
<para>The first code listing shows a JUnit-based implementation of the
|
||||
test class that uses <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> for
|
||||
field injection.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting language="java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
|
||||
<lineannotation>// specifies the Spring configuration to load for this test fixture</lineannotation>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1190,8 +1181,8 @@ public class HibernateTitleRepositoryTests {
|
|||
}</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Alternatively, you can configure the class to use
|
||||
<interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> for setter injection as
|
||||
seen below.</para>
|
||||
<interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> for setter injection as seen
|
||||
below.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting language="java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
|
||||
<lineannotation>// specifies the Spring configuration to load for this test fixture</lineannotation>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1214,12 +1205,10 @@ public class HibernateTitleRepositoryTests {
|
|||
}
|
||||
}</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The preceding code listings use the same XML context file
|
||||
referenced by the <interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>
|
||||
annotation (that is, <literal>repository-config.xml</literal>), which looks like
|
||||
this:</para>
|
||||
annotation (that is, <literal>repository-config.xml</literal>), which
|
||||
looks like this:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting language="xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1269,8 +1258,6 @@ public class HibernateTitleRepositoryTests {
|
|||
name is used as a fallback qualifier value, so you may effectively
|
||||
also point to a specific bean by name there (as shown above,
|
||||
assuming that "myDataSource" is the bean id).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1314,8 +1301,8 @@ public class HibernateTitleRepositoryTests {
|
|||
transactional test method but outside the transactional context, for
|
||||
example, to verify the initial database state prior to execution of
|
||||
your test or to verify expected transactional commit behavior after
|
||||
test execution (if the test was configured not to roll
|
||||
back the transaction).
|
||||
test execution (if the test was configured not to roll back the
|
||||
transaction).
|
||||
<classname>TransactionalTestExecutionListener</classname> supports the
|
||||
<interfacename>@BeforeTransaction</interfacename> and
|
||||
<interfacename>@AfterTransaction</interfacename> annotations exactly
|
||||
|
|
@ -1328,11 +1315,11 @@ public class HibernateTitleRepositoryTests {
|
|||
|
||||
<tip>
|
||||
<para>Any <emphasis>before methods</emphasis> (such as methods
|
||||
annotated with JUnit's <interfacename>@Before</interfacename>)
|
||||
and any <emphasis>after methods</emphasis> (such as methods annotated
|
||||
with JUnit's <interfacename>@After</interfacename>)
|
||||
are executed <emphasis role="bold">within</emphasis> a transaction.
|
||||
In addition, methods annotated with
|
||||
annotated with JUnit's <interfacename>@Before</interfacename>) and
|
||||
any <emphasis>after methods</emphasis> (such as methods annotated
|
||||
with JUnit's <interfacename>@After</interfacename>) are executed
|
||||
<emphasis role="bold">within</emphasis> a transaction. In addition,
|
||||
methods annotated with
|
||||
<interfacename>@BeforeTransaction</interfacename> or
|
||||
<interfacename>@AfterTransaction</interfacename> are naturally not
|
||||
executed for tests annotated with
|
||||
|
|
@ -1382,21 +1369,22 @@ public class FictitiousTransactionalTest {
|
|||
|
||||
}</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<anchor id="testcontext-tx-false-positives"/>
|
||||
<anchor id="testcontext-tx-false-positives" />
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<title>Avoid false positives when testing ORM code</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>When you test application code that manipulates the state of
|
||||
the Hibernate session, make sure to <emphasis>flush</emphasis> the
|
||||
underlying session within test methods that execute that code.
|
||||
Failing to flush the underlying session can
|
||||
produce <emphasis>false positives</emphasis>: your test may pass,
|
||||
but the same code throws an exception in a live, production
|
||||
environment. In the following Hibernate-based example test case, one
|
||||
method demonstrates a false positive, and the other method correctly
|
||||
exposes the results of flushing the session. Note that this
|
||||
applies to JPA and any other ORM frameworks that maintain an
|
||||
in-memory <emphasis>unit of work</emphasis>.</para>
|
||||
Failing to flush the underlying session can produce <emphasis>false
|
||||
positives</emphasis>: your test may pass, but the same code throws
|
||||
an exception in a live, production environment. In the following
|
||||
Hibernate-based example test case, one method demonstrates a false
|
||||
positive, and the other method correctly exposes the results of
|
||||
flushing the session. Note that this applies to JPA and any other
|
||||
ORM frameworks that maintain an in-memory <emphasis>unit of
|
||||
work</emphasis>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting language="java"><lineannotation>// ...</lineannotation>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1446,10 +1434,9 @@ public void updateWithSessionFlush() {
|
|||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><literal>applicationContext</literal>:
|
||||
Use this variable to perform explicit bean
|
||||
lookups or to test the state of the context as a
|
||||
whole.</para>
|
||||
<para><literal>applicationContext</literal>: Use this
|
||||
variable to perform explicit bean lookups or to test the
|
||||
state of the context as a whole.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1477,15 +1464,16 @@ public void updateWithSessionFlush() {
|
|||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><literal>simpleJdbcTemplate</literal>: Use this variable
|
||||
to execute SQL statements to query the database.
|
||||
<para><literal>simpleJdbcTemplate</literal>: Use this
|
||||
variable to execute SQL statements to query the database.
|
||||
Such queries can be used to confirm database state both
|
||||
<emphasis>prior to</emphasis> and <emphasis>after</emphasis>
|
||||
execution of database-related application code, and Spring
|
||||
ensures that such queries run in the scope of the same
|
||||
transaction as the application code. When used in conjunction
|
||||
with an ORM tool, be sure to avoid
|
||||
<link linkend="testcontext-tx-false-positives">false positives</link>.</para>
|
||||
transaction as the application code. When used in
|
||||
conjunction with an ORM tool, be sure to avoid <link
|
||||
linkend="testcontext-tx-false-positives">false
|
||||
positives</link>.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1494,8 +1482,8 @@ public void updateWithSessionFlush() {
|
|||
<tip>
|
||||
<para>These classes are a convenience for extension. If you do not
|
||||
want your test classes to be tied to a Spring-specific class
|
||||
hierarchy — for example, if you want to directly extend the class
|
||||
you are testing — you can configure your own custom test classes
|
||||
hierarchy — for example, if you want to directly extend the class
|
||||
you are testing — you can configure your own custom test classes
|
||||
by using
|
||||
<interfacename>@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)</interfacename>,
|
||||
<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>,
|
||||
|
|
@ -1509,17 +1497,18 @@ public void updateWithSessionFlush() {
|
|||
|
||||
<para>The <emphasis>Spring TestContext Framework</emphasis> offers
|
||||
full integration with JUnit 4.5+ through a custom runner (tested on
|
||||
JUnit 4.5 – 4.8.1). By annotating test classes with
|
||||
JUnit 4.5 – 4.8.2). By annotating test classes with
|
||||
<literal>@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)</literal>,
|
||||
developers can implement standard JUnit-based unit and integration
|
||||
tests and simultaneously reap the benefits of the TestContext
|
||||
framework such as support for loading application contexts,
|
||||
dependency injection of test instances, transactional test method
|
||||
execution, and so on. The following code listing displays the minimal
|
||||
requirements for configuring a test class to run with the custom Spring
|
||||
Runner. <interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename> is
|
||||
configured with an empty list in order to disable the default listeners,
|
||||
which otherwise would require an ApplicationContext to be configured
|
||||
execution, and so on. The following code listing displays the
|
||||
minimal requirements for configuring a test class to run with the
|
||||
custom Spring Runner.
|
||||
<interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename> is configured
|
||||
with an empty list in order to disable the default listeners, which
|
||||
otherwise would require an ApplicationContext to be configured
|
||||
through <interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting language="java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1554,10 +1543,9 @@ public class SimpleTest {
|
|||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><literal>applicationContext</literal>:
|
||||
Use this variable to perform explicit bean
|
||||
lookups or to test the state of the context as a
|
||||
whole.</para>
|
||||
<para><literal>applicationContext</literal>: Use this
|
||||
variable to perform explicit bean lookups or to test the
|
||||
state of the context as a whole.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1585,15 +1573,16 @@ public class SimpleTest {
|
|||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><literal>simpleJdbcTemplate</literal>: Use this variable
|
||||
to execute SQL statements to query the database.
|
||||
<para><literal>simpleJdbcTemplate</literal>: Use this
|
||||
variable to execute SQL statements to query the database.
|
||||
Such queries can be used to confirm database state both
|
||||
<emphasis>prior to</emphasis> and <emphasis>after</emphasis>
|
||||
execution of database-related application code, and Spring
|
||||
ensures that such queries run in the scope of the same
|
||||
transaction as the application code. When used in conjunction
|
||||
with an ORM tool, be sure to avoid
|
||||
<link linkend="testcontext-tx-false-positives">false positives</link>.</para>
|
||||
transaction as the application code. When used in
|
||||
conjunction with an ORM tool, be sure to avoid <link
|
||||
linkend="testcontext-tx-false-positives">false
|
||||
positives</link>.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1602,9 +1591,9 @@ public class SimpleTest {
|
|||
<tip>
|
||||
<para>These classes are a convenience for extension. If you do not
|
||||
want your test classes to be tied to a Spring-specific class
|
||||
hierarchy — for example, if you want to directly extend the class
|
||||
you are testing — you can configure your own custom test classes by
|
||||
using <interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>,
|
||||
hierarchy — for example, if you want to directly extend the class
|
||||
you are testing — you can configure your own custom test classes
|
||||
by using <interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename>,
|
||||
<interfacename>@TestExecutionListeners</interfacename>, and so on,
|
||||
and by manually instrumenting your test class with a
|
||||
<classname>TestContextManager</classname>. See the source code of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1618,10 +1607,10 @@ public class SimpleTest {
|
|||
<section id="testing-examples-petclinic">
|
||||
<title>PetClinic example</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The PetClinic application, available from the
|
||||
<link linkend="new-in-3.0-samples">samples repository</link>,
|
||||
illustrates several features of the <emphasis>Spring
|
||||
TestContext Framework</emphasis> in a JUnit 4.5+ environment. Most test
|
||||
<para>The PetClinic application, available from the <link
|
||||
linkend="new-in-3.0-samples">samples repository</link>, illustrates
|
||||
several features of the <emphasis>Spring TestContext
|
||||
Framework</emphasis> in a JUnit 4.5+ environment. Most test
|
||||
functionality is included in the
|
||||
<classname>AbstractClinicTests</classname>, for which a partial listing
|
||||
is shown below:</para>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1664,8 +1653,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractClinicTests <emphasis role="bold">extends Abstract
|
|||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The <literal>clinic</literal> instance variable — the
|
||||
application object being tested — is set by Dependency Injection
|
||||
<para>The <literal>clinic</literal> instance variable — the
|
||||
application object being tested — is set by Dependency Injection
|
||||
through <interfacename>@Autowired</interfacename> semantics.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1684,8 +1673,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractClinicTests <emphasis role="bold">extends Abstract
|
|||
tests in <classname>AbstractClinicTests</classname> depend on a
|
||||
minimum amount of data already in the database before the test cases
|
||||
run. Alternatively, you might choose to populate the database within
|
||||
the test fixture set up of your test cases — again,
|
||||
within the same transaction as the tests.</para>
|
||||
the test fixture set up of your test cases — again, within the same
|
||||
transaction as the tests.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1710,8 +1699,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractClinicTests <emphasis role="bold">extends Abstract
|
|||
<interfacename>@ContextConfiguration</interfacename> is declared without
|
||||
any specific resource locations, the <emphasis>Spring TestContext
|
||||
Framework</emphasis> loads an application context from all the beans
|
||||
defined in <literal>AbstractClinicTests-context.xml</literal> (i.e.,
|
||||
the inherited locations) and
|
||||
defined in <literal>AbstractClinicTests-context.xml</literal> (i.e., the
|
||||
inherited locations) and
|
||||
<literal>HibernateClinicTests-context.xml</literal>, with
|
||||
<literal>HibernateClinicTests-context.xml</literal> possibly overriding
|
||||
beans defined in
|
||||
|
|
@ -1721,11 +1710,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractClinicTests <emphasis role="bold">extends Abstract
|
|||
public class HibernateClinicTests extends AbstractClinicTests { }
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In a large-scale application, the Spring configuration is
|
||||
often split across multiple files. Consequently, configuration locations
|
||||
are typically specified in a common base class for all application-specific
|
||||
<para>In a large-scale application, the Spring configuration is often
|
||||
split across multiple files. Consequently, configuration locations are
|
||||
typically specified in a common base class for all application-specific
|
||||
integration tests. Such a base class may also add useful instance
|
||||
variables — populated by Dependency Injection, naturally — such as a
|
||||
variables — populated by Dependency Injection, naturally — such as a
|
||||
<classname>SessionFactory</classname> in the case of an application
|
||||
using Hibernate.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1761,15 +1750,15 @@ public class HibernateClinicTests extends AbstractClinicTests { }
|
|||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://www.junit.org/">JUnit</ulink>:
|
||||
<quote><emphasis>A programmer-oriented testing framework for Java</emphasis></quote>.
|
||||
Used by the Spring Framework in its test suite.</para>
|
||||
<quote><emphasis>A programmer-oriented testing framework for
|
||||
Java</emphasis></quote>. Used by the Spring Framework in its test
|
||||
suite.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://testng.org/">TestNG</ulink>: A testing
|
||||
framework inspired by JUnit with added support for Java 5
|
||||
annotations, test groups, data-driven testing, distributed testing,
|
||||
etc.</para>
|
||||
framework inspired by JUnit with added support for Java 5 annotations,
|
||||
test groups, data-driven testing, distributed testing, etc.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1785,11 +1774,11 @@ public class HibernateClinicTests extends AbstractClinicTests { }
|
|||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://www.easymock.org/">EasyMock</ulink>:
|
||||
Java library <quote><emphasis>that provides Mock Objects for interfaces
|
||||
(and objects through the class extension) by generating them
|
||||
on the fly using Java's proxy mechanism.</emphasis></quote>
|
||||
Used by the Spring Framework in its test suite.</para>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://www.easymock.org/">EasyMock</ulink>: Java
|
||||
library <quote><emphasis>that provides Mock Objects for interfaces
|
||||
(and objects through the class extension) by generating them on the
|
||||
fly using Java's proxy mechanism.</emphasis></quote> Used by the
|
||||
Spring Framework in its test suite.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue