diff --git a/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java b/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java
index e91657bd320..d49e4c69dfb 100644
--- a/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java
+++ b/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java
@@ -310,8 +310,9 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 					logger.trace(annotatedMethods.size() + " @Scheduled methods processed on bean '" + beanName +
 							"': " + annotatedMethods);
 				}
-				if ((this.beanFactory != null && !this.beanFactory.isSingleton(beanName)) ||
-						(this.beanFactory instanceof SingletonBeanRegistry sbr && sbr.containsSingleton(beanName))) {
+				if ((this.beanFactory != null &&
+						(!this.beanFactory.containsBean(beanName) || !this.beanFactory.isSingleton(beanName)) ||
+						(this.beanFactory instanceof SingletonBeanRegistry sbr && sbr.containsSingleton(beanName)))) {
 					// Either a prototype/scoped bean or a FactoryBean with a pre-existing managed singleton
 					// -> trigger manual cancellation when ContextClosedEvent comes in
 					this.manualCancellationOnContextClose.add(bean);
diff --git a/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java b/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java
index 37213e2af3b..4c430560050 100644
--- a/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java
+++ b/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 import org.assertj.core.api.AbstractAssert;
@@ -270,6 +271,24 @@ class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(task.getInitialDelayDuration()).isEqualTo(Duration.ofMillis(2_000L));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void oneTimeTaskOnNonRegisteredBean() {
+		BeanDefinition processorDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
+		context.registerBeanDefinition("postProcessor", processorDefinition);
+		context.refresh();
+
+		ScheduledTaskHolder postProcessor = context.getBean("postProcessor", ScheduledTaskHolder.class);
+		assertThat(postProcessor.getScheduledTasks()).hasSize(0);
+
+		Object target = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().createBean(OneTimeTaskBean.class);
+		assertThat(postProcessor.getScheduledTasks()).hasSize(1);
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		Set<Object> manualTasks = (Set<Object>)
+				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("manualCancellationOnContextClose");
+		assertThat(manualTasks).hasSize(1);
+		assertThat(manualTasks).contains(target);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void cronTask() {
 		BeanDefinition processorDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);