diff --git a/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/observability.adoc b/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/observability.adoc
index e4208a28d8..64e5f230dd 100644
--- a/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/observability.adoc
+++ b/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/observability.adoc
@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@ include-code::./JmsTemplatePublish[]
 
 It uses the `io.micrometer.jakarta9.instrument.jms.DefaultJmsPublishObservationConvention` by default, backed by the `io.micrometer.jakarta9.instrument.jms.JmsPublishObservationContext`.
 
+Similar observations are recorded with `@JmsListener` annotated methods when response messages are returned from the listener method.
+
 [[observability.jms.process]]
 === JMS message Processing instrumentation
 
diff --git a/spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java b/spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java
index 6c0f78b743..6362a4ba82 100644
--- a/spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java
+++ b/spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package org.springframework.jms.listener;
 
 import io.micrometer.jakarta9.instrument.jms.DefaultJmsProcessObservationConvention;
+import io.micrometer.jakarta9.instrument.jms.JmsInstrumentation;
 import io.micrometer.jakarta9.instrument.jms.JmsObservationDocumentation;
 import io.micrometer.jakarta9.instrument.jms.JmsProcessObservationContext;
 import io.micrometer.jakarta9.instrument.jms.JmsProcessObservationConvention;
@@ -772,6 +773,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractJmsListen
 		Observation observation = createObservation(message);
 		try {
 			Session sessionToUse = session;
+			if (micrometerJakartaPresent && this.observationRegistry != null) {
+				sessionToUse = MicrometerInstrumentation.instrumentSession(sessionToUse, this.observationRegistry);
+			}
 			if (!isExposeListenerSession()) {
 				// We need to expose a separate Session.
 				conToClose = createConnection();
@@ -992,6 +996,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractJmsListen
 	private static class MessageRejectedWhileStoppingException extends RuntimeException {
 	}
 
+	private abstract static class MicrometerInstrumentation {
+
+		static Session instrumentSession(Session session, ObservationRegistry registry) {
+			return JmsInstrumentation.instrumentSession(session, registry);
+		}
+
+	}
+
 	private abstract static class ObservationFactory {
 
 		private static final JmsProcessObservationConvention DEFAULT_CONVENTION = new DefaultJmsProcessObservationConvention();
diff --git a/spring-jms/src/test/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/MessageListenerContainerObservationTests.java b/spring-jms/src/test/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/MessageListenerContainerObservationTests.java
index 5a732071fd..b6db6fbc17 100644
--- a/spring-jms/src/test/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/MessageListenerContainerObservationTests.java
+++ b/spring-jms/src/test/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/MessageListenerContainerObservationTests.java
@@ -23,9 +23,12 @@ import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import io.micrometer.observation.Observation;
 import io.micrometer.observation.tck.TestObservationRegistry;
+import jakarta.jms.Message;
 import jakarta.jms.MessageListener;
+import jakarta.jms.TextMessage;
 import org.apache.activemq.artemis.jms.client.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
 import org.apache.activemq.artemis.junit.EmbeddedActiveMQExtension;
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
@@ -81,6 +84,33 @@ class MessageListenerContainerObservationTests {
 		listenerContainer.shutdown();
 	}
 
+	@ParameterizedTest(name = "[{index}] {0}")
+	@MethodSource("listenerContainers")
+	void shouldRecordJmsPublishObservations(AbstractMessageListenerContainer listenerContainer) throws Exception {
+		CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+		listenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
+		listenerContainer.setObservationRegistry(registry);
+		listenerContainer.setDestinationName("spring.test.observation");
+		listenerContainer.setMessageListener((SessionAwareMessageListener) (message, session) -> {
+			Message response = session.createTextMessage("test response");
+			session.createProducer(message.getJMSReplyTo()).send(response);
+		});
+		listenerContainer.afterPropertiesSet();
+		listenerContainer.start();
+		JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = new JmsTemplate(connectionFactory);
+		TextMessage response = (TextMessage) jmsTemplate.sendAndReceive("spring.test.observation",
+							session -> session.createTextMessage("test request"));
+
+		// request received by listener and response received by template
+		assertThat(registry).hasNumberOfObservationsWithNameEqualTo("jms.message.process", 2);
+		// response sent to the template
+		assertThat(registry).hasNumberOfObservationsWithNameEqualTo("jms.message.publish", 1);
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(response.getText()).isEqualTo("test response");
+		listenerContainer.stop();
+		listenerContainer.shutdown();
+	}
+
 	@ParameterizedTest(name = "[{index}] {0}")
 	@MethodSource("listenerContainers")
 	void shouldHaveObservationScopeInErrorHandler(AbstractMessageListenerContainer listenerContainer) throws Exception {