Defensively copy array returned from forAnnotations

Update the proxy used in `AnnotatedElementUtils.forAnnotations` so
that it returns a cloned array for calls to `getDeclaredAnnotations`
or `getAnnotations`. This matches the behavior of standard JDK
`AnnotatedElement` implementations.

Closes gh-22655

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotatedElementUtils.java

@@ -864,12 +864,12 @@ public abstract class AnnotatedElementUtils {
 
 		@Override
 		public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
-			return this.annotations;
+			return this.annotations.clone();
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations() {
-			return this.annotations;
+			return this.annotations.clone();
 		}
 
 	};

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotatedElementUtilsTests.java

@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
-import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 import javax.annotation.Resource;
@@ -43,6 +41,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.*;
 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 import static org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils.*;
@@ -736,6 +735,15 @@ public class AnnotatedElementUtilsTests {
 		assertNotNull(order);
 	}
 
+	@Test // gh-22655
+	public void forAnnotationsCreatesCopyOfArrayOnEachCall() {
+		AnnotatedElement element = AnnotatedElementUtils.forAnnotations(ForAnnotationsClass.class.getDeclaredAnnotations());
+		// Trigger the NPE as originally reported in the bug
+		AnnotationsScanner.getDeclaredAnnotations(element, false);
+		AnnotationsScanner.getDeclaredAnnotations(element, false);
+		// Also specifically test we get different instances
+		assertThat(element.getDeclaredAnnotations()).isNotSameAs(element.getDeclaredAnnotations());
+	}
 
 	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1301,4 +1309,10 @@ public class AnnotatedElementUtilsTests {
 		}
 	}
 
+	@Deprecated
+	@ComponentScan
+	class ForAnnotationsClass {
+
+	}
+
 }