Ensure @⁠BeanOverride in subclass takes precedence over superclass

Prior to this commit, a @⁠BeanOverride (such as @⁠TestBean) for a
specific target bean which was declared in a superclass always took
precedence over a bean override for the same target bean in a subclass,
thereby rendering the bean override configuration in the subclass
useless. In other words, there was no way for a test class to override
a bean override declared in a superclass.

To address that, this commit switches from direct use of
ReflectionUtils.doWithFields() to a custom search algorithm that
traverses the class hierarchy using tail recursion for processing
@⁠BeanOverride fields (delegating now to
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields() in order to continue to benefit
from the caching of declared fields in ReflectionUtils).

Closes gh-34194

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -103,10 +103,27 @@ public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 	 */
 	public static List<BeanOverrideHandler> forTestClass(Class<?> testClass) {
 		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new LinkedList<>();
-		ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(testClass, field -> processField(field, testClass, handlers));
+		findHandlers(testClass, testClass, handlers);
 		return handlers;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Find handlers using tail recursion to ensure that "locally declared"
+	 * bean overrides take precedence over inherited bean overrides.
+	 * @since 6.2.2
+	 */
+	private static void findHandlers(Class<?> clazz, Class<?> testClass, List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
+		if (clazz == null || clazz == Object.class) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// 1) Search type hierarchy.
+		findHandlers(clazz.getSuperclass(), testClass, handlers);
+
+		// 2) Process fields in current class.
+		ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(clazz, field -> processField(field, testClass, handlers));
+	}
+
 	private static void processField(Field field, Class<?> testClass, List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
 		AtomicBoolean overrideAnnotationFound = new AtomicBoolean();
 		MergedAnnotations.from(field, DIRECT).stream(BeanOverride.class).forEach(mergedAnnotation -> {

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBeanInheritanceIntegrationTests.java

@@ -38,14 +38,21 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 6.2
  */
-public class TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests {
+@SpringJUnitConfig
+public class TestBeanInheritanceIntegrationTests {
+
+	@TestBean
+	Pojo puzzleBean;
+
+	static Pojo puzzleBean() {
+		return new FakePojo("puzzle in enclosing class");
+	}
 
 	static Pojo enclosingClassBean() {
 		return new FakePojo("in enclosing test class");
 	}
 
-	@SpringJUnitConfig
-	abstract static class AbstractTestBeanIntegrationTestCase {
+	abstract static class AbstractTestCase {
 
 		@TestBean
 		Pojo someBean;
@@ -56,6 +63,9 @@ public class TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests {
 		@TestBean("thirdBean")
 		Pojo anotherBean;
 
+		@TestBean
+		Pojo enigmaBean;
+
 		static Pojo otherBean() {
 			return new FakePojo("other in superclass");
 		}
@@ -64,44 +74,18 @@ public class TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests {
 			return new FakePojo("third in superclass");
 		}
 
+		static Pojo enigmaBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("enigma in superclass");
+		}
+
 		static Pojo commonBean() {
 			return new FakePojo("common in superclass");
 		}
-
-		@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
-		static class Config {
-
-			@Bean
-			Pojo someBean() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-
-			@Bean
-			Pojo otherBean() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-
-			@Bean
-			Pojo thirdBean() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-
-			@Bean
-			Pojo pojo() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-
-			@Bean
-			Pojo pojo2() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-		}
-
 	}
 
 	@Nested
 	@DisplayName("Nested, concrete inherited tests with correct @TestBean setup")
-	class NestedConcreteTestBeanIntegrationTests extends AbstractTestBeanIntegrationTestCase {
+	class NestedTests extends AbstractTestCase {
 
 		@Autowired
 		ApplicationContext ctx;
@@ -112,6 +96,21 @@ public class TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests {
 		@TestBean(name = "pojo2", methodName = "enclosingClassBean")
 		Pojo pojo2;
 
+		@TestBean(methodName = "localEnigmaBean")
+		Pojo enigmaBean;
+
+		@TestBean
+		Pojo puzzleBean;
+
+
+		static Pojo puzzleBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("puzzle in nested class");
+		}
+
+		static Pojo localEnigmaBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("enigma in subclass");
+		}
+
 		static Pojo someBean() {
 			return new FakePojo("someBeanOverride");
 		}
@@ -150,6 +149,57 @@ public class TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests {
 			assertThat(ctx.getBean("pojo2")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("in enclosing test class");
 			assertThat(this.pojo2.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("in enclosing test class");
 		}
+
+		@Test  // gh-34194
+		void testBeanInSubclassOverridesTestBeanInSuperclass() {
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("enigmaBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("enigma in subclass");
+			assertThat(this.enigmaBean.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("enigma in subclass");
+		}
+
+		@Test  // gh-34194
+		void testBeanInNestedClassOverridesTestBeanInEnclosingClass() {
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("puzzleBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("puzzle in nested class");
+			assertThat(this.puzzleBean.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("puzzle in nested class");
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class Config {
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo someBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo otherBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo thirdBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo enigmaBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo puzzleBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo pojo() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo pojo2() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
 	}
 
 	interface Pojo {