diff --git a/spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilder.java b/spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilder.java
index e722bafc8a..64d75f2d0f 100644
--- a/spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilder.java
+++ b/spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilder.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -41,23 +41,23 @@ public final class MessageBuilder<T> {
 	private final T payload;
 
 	@Nullable
-	private final Message<T> originalMessage;
+	private final Message<T> providedMessage;
 
 	private MessageHeaderAccessor headerAccessor;
 
 
-	private MessageBuilder(Message<T> originalMessage) {
-		Assert.notNull(originalMessage, "Message must not be null");
-		this.payload = originalMessage.getPayload();
-		this.originalMessage = originalMessage;
-		this.headerAccessor = new MessageHeaderAccessor(originalMessage);
+	private MessageBuilder(Message<T> providedMessage) {
+		Assert.notNull(providedMessage, "Message must not be null");
+		this.payload = providedMessage.getPayload();
+		this.providedMessage = providedMessage;
+		this.headerAccessor = new MessageHeaderAccessor(providedMessage);
 	}
 
 	private MessageBuilder(T payload, MessageHeaderAccessor accessor) {
 		Assert.notNull(payload, "Payload must not be null");
 		Assert.notNull(accessor, "MessageHeaderAccessor must not be null");
 		this.payload = payload;
-		this.originalMessage = null;
+		this.providedMessage = null;
 		this.headerAccessor = accessor;
 	}
 
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ public final class MessageBuilder<T> {
 		this.headerAccessor.removeHeaders(headerPatterns);
 		return this;
 	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Remove the value for the given header name.
 	 */
@@ -148,11 +149,17 @@ public final class MessageBuilder<T> {
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	public Message<T> build() {
-		if (this.originalMessage != null && !this.headerAccessor.isModified()) {
-			return this.originalMessage;
+		if (this.providedMessage != null && !this.headerAccessor.isModified()) {
+			return this.providedMessage;
 		}
 		MessageHeaders headersToUse = this.headerAccessor.toMessageHeaders();
 		if (this.payload instanceof Throwable) {
+			if (this.providedMessage != null && this.providedMessage instanceof ErrorMessage) {
+				Message<?> message = ((ErrorMessage) this.providedMessage).getOriginalMessage();
+				if (message != null) {
+					return (Message<T>) new ErrorMessage((Throwable) this.payload, headersToUse, message);
+				}
+			}
 			return (Message<T>) new ErrorMessage((Throwable) this.payload, headersToUse);
 		}
 		else {
@@ -165,6 +172,9 @@ public final class MessageBuilder<T> {
 	 * Create a builder for a new {@link Message} instance pre-populated with all of the
 	 * headers copied from the provided message. The payload of the provided Message will
 	 * also be used as the payload for the new message.
+	 * <p>If the provided message is an {@link ErrorMessage}, the
+	 * {@link ErrorMessage#getOriginalMessage() originalMessage} it contains, will be
+	 * passed on to new instance.
 	 * @param message the Message from which the payload and all headers will be copied
 	 */
 	public static <T> MessageBuilder<T> fromMessage(Message<T> message) {
diff --git a/spring-messaging/src/test/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilderTests.java b/spring-messaging/src/test/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilderTests.java
index e0a0b8ccb0..c1e2df81ea 100644
--- a/spring-messaging/src/test/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilderTests.java
+++ b/spring-messaging/src/test/java/org/springframework/messaging/support/MessageBuilderTests.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package org.springframework.messaging.support;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -107,6 +108,19 @@ public class MessageBuilderTests {
 		assertThat(message2.getHeaders().get("foo")).isEqualTo("bar");
 	}
 
+	@Test // gh-23417
+	public void createErrorMessageFromErrorMessage() {
+		Message<String> source = MessageBuilder.withPayload("test").setHeader("foo", "bar").build();
+		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException();
+		ErrorMessage errorMessage1 = new ErrorMessage(ex, Collections.singletonMap("baz", "42"), source);
+		Message<Throwable> errorMessage2 = MessageBuilder.fromMessage(errorMessage1).build();
+		assertThat(errorMessage2).isExactlyInstanceOf(ErrorMessage.class);
+		ErrorMessage actual = (ErrorMessage) errorMessage2;
+		assertThat(actual.getPayload()).isSameAs(ex);
+		assertThat(actual.getHeaders().get("baz")).isEqualTo("42");
+		assertThat(actual.getOriginalMessage()).isSameAs(source);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void createIdRegenerated() {
 		Message<String> message1 = MessageBuilder.withPayload("test")
@@ -119,20 +133,20 @@ public class MessageBuilderTests {
 	@Test
 	public void testRemove() {
 		Message<Integer> message1 = MessageBuilder.withPayload(1)
-			.setHeader("foo", "bar").build();
+				.setHeader("foo", "bar").build();
 		Message<Integer> message2 = MessageBuilder.fromMessage(message1)
-			.removeHeader("foo")
-			.build();
+				.removeHeader("foo")
+				.build();
 		assertThat(message2.getHeaders().containsKey("foo")).isFalse();
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testSettingToNullRemoves() {
 		Message<Integer> message1 = MessageBuilder.withPayload(1)
-			.setHeader("foo", "bar").build();
+				.setHeader("foo", "bar").build();
 		Message<Integer> message2 = MessageBuilder.fromMessage(message1)
-			.setHeader("foo", null)
-			.build();
+				.setHeader("foo", null)
+				.build();
 		assertThat(message2.getHeaders().containsKey("foo")).isFalse();
 	}
 
@@ -192,7 +206,7 @@ public class MessageBuilderTests {
 
 		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				accessor.setHeader("foo", "bar"))
-			.withMessageContaining("Already immutable");
+				.withMessageContaining("Already immutable");
 
 		assertThat(MessageHeaderAccessor.getAccessor(message, MessageHeaderAccessor.class)).isSameAs(accessor);
 	}