458 lines
16 KiB
XML
458 lines
16 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
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<chapter id="new-in-3">
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<title>What's new in Spring 3.0?</title>
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<para>If you have been using the Spring Framework for some time, you will be
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aware that Spring has undergone two major revisions: Spring 2.0, released in
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October 2006, and Spring 2.5, released in November 2007. It is now time for
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a third overhaul resulting in Spring 3.0.</para>
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<sidebar id="new-in-3-intro-java">
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<title>Java SE and Java EE Support</title>
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<para>The Spring Framework is now based on Java 5, and Java 6 is fully
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supported.</para>
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<para>Furthermore, Spring is compatible with J2EE 1.4 and Java EE 5, while
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at the same time introducing some early support for Java EE 6.</para>
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</sidebar>
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<section id="new-in-3-intro">
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<title>Java 5</title>
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<para>The entire framework code has been revised to take advantage of Java
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5 features like generics, varargs and other language improvements. We have
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done our best to still keep the code backwards compatible. We now have
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consistent use of generic Collections and Maps, consistent use of
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generified FactoryBeans, and also consistent resolution of bridge methods
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in the Spring AOP API. Generified ApplicationListeners automatically
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receive specific event types only. All callback interfaces such as
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TransactionCallback and HibernateCallback declare a generic result value
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now. Overall, the Spring core codebase is now freshly revised and
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optimized for Java 5.</para>
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<para>Spring's TaskExecutor abstraction has been updated for close
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integration with Java 5's java.util.concurrent facilities. We provide
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first-class support for Callables and Futures now, as well as
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ExecutorService adapters, ThreadFactory integration, etc. This has been
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aligned with JSR-236 (Concurrency Utilities for Java EE 6) as far as
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possible. Furthermore, we provide support for asynchronous method
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invocations through the use of the new @Async annotation (or EJB 3.1's
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@Asynchronous annotation).</para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-in-3-improved-docs">
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<title>Improved documentation</title>
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<sidebar id="new-in-3-intro-work-in-progress">
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<title>Note:</title>
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<para>The current documentation is a <emphasis>*** WORK IN PROGRESS
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***</emphasis> and is currently being re-written to reflect all the
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changes in the framework and from now relying on Java 5 features.</para>
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</sidebar>
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<para>The Spring reference documentation has also substantially been
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updated to reflect all of the changes and new features for Spring 3.0.
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While every effort has been made to ensure that there are no errors in
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this documentation, some errors may nevertheless have crept in. If you do
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spot any typos or even more serious errors, and you can spare a few cycles
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during lunch, please do bring the error to the attention of the Spring
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team by <ulink url="http://jira.springframework.org/">raising an
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issue</ulink>.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-in-3-new-tutorial">
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<title>New getting started tutorial</title>
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<para>There is now a new getting started tutorial for developing a basic
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Spring 3.0 MVC web application. This tutorial is a separate document that
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can be found at the <ulink
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url="http://www.springsource.org/documentation"> Spring
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Documentation</ulink> page.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-in-3-modules-build">
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<title>New module organization and build system</title>
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<para>The framework modules have been revised and are now managed
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separately with one source-tree per module jar:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.aop</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.beans</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.context</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.context.support</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.expression</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.instrument</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.jdbc</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.jms</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.orm</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.oxm</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.test</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.transaction</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.web</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.web.portlet</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>org.springframework.web.servlet</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<sidebar id="new-in-3-intro-spring-jar">
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<title>Note:</title>
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<para>The spring.jar artifact that contained almost the entire framework
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is no longer provided.</para>
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</sidebar>
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<para>We are now using a new Spring build system as known from Spring Web
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Flow 2.0. This gives us:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Ivy-based "Spring Build" system</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>consistent deployment procedure</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>consistent dependency management</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>consistent generation of OSGi manifests</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<section id="new-in-3-features-overview">
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<title>Overview of new features</title>
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<para>This is a list of new features for Spring 3.0. We will cover these
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features in more detail later in this section.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Spring Expression Language</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>IoC enhancements/Java based bean metadata</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Object to XML mapping functionality (OXM) moved from Spring Web
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Services project</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Comprehensive REST support</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>@MVC additions</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Declarative model validation</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Early support for Java EE 6</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Embedded database support</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<section id="new-feature-java5">
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<title>Core APIs updated for Java 5</title>
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<para>BeanFactory interface returns typed bean instances as far as
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possible: <itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>T getBean(Stringname, Class<T> requiredType)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Map<String, T> getBeansOfType(Class<T>
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type)</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para>
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<para>Spring's TaskExecutor interface now extends
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<classname>java.util.concurrent.Executor</classname>: <itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>extended AsyncTaskExecutor supports standard Callables with
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Futures</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para>
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<para>New Java 5 based converter API and SPI: <itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>stateless ConversionService and Converters</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>superseding standard JDK PropertyEditors</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para>
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<para>Typed ApplicationListener<E></para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-feature-el">
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<title>Spring Expression Language</title>
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<para>Spring introduces an expression language which is similar to
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Unified EL in its syntax but offers significantly more features. The
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expression language can be used when defining XML and Annotation based
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bean definitions and also serves as the foundation for expression
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language support across the Spring portfolio. Details of this new
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functionality can be found in the chapter <link
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linkend="expressions">Spring Expression Language (SpEL).</link></para>
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<para>The Spring Expression Language was created to provide the Spring
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community a single, well supported expression language that can be used
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across all the products in the Spring portfolio. Its language features
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are driven by the requirements of the projects in the Spring portfolio,
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including tooling requirements for code completion support within the
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Eclipse based SpringSource Tool Suite.</para>
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<para>The following is an example of how the Expression Language can be
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used to configure some properties of a database setup <programlisting
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language="xml"><bean class="mycompany.RewardsTestDatabase">
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<property name="databaseName"
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value="#{systemProperties.databaseName}"/>
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<property name="keyGenerator"
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value="#{strategyBean.databaseKeyGenerator}"/>
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</bean>
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</programlisting></para>
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<para>This functionality is also available if you prefer to configure
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your components using annotations: <programlisting language="java">@Repository
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public class RewardsTestDatabase {
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@Value("#{systemProperties.databaseName}")
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public void setDatabaseName(String dbName) { … }
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@Value("#{strategyBean.databaseKeyGenerator}")
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public voidsetKeyGenerator(KeyGenerator kg) { … }
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}
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</programlisting></para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-feature-java-config">
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<title>The Inversion of Control (IoC) container</title>
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<section id="new-java-configuration">
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<title>Java based bean metadata</title>
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<para>Some core features from the <ulink
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url="http://www.springsource.org/javaconfig">JavaConfig</ulink>
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project have been added to the Spring Framework now. This means that
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the following annotations are now directly supported: <itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>@Configuration</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>@Bean</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>@Primary</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>@Lazy</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>@Import</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>@Value</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para>
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<para>Here is an example of a Java class providing basic configuration
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using the new JavaConfig features: <programlisting language="java">@Configuration
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public class AppConfig{
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private @Value("#{jdbcProperties.url}") String jdbcUrl;
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private @Value("#{jdbcProperties.username}") String username;
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private @Value("#{jdbcProperties.password}") String password;
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@Bean
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public FooService fooService() {
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return new FooServiceImpl(fooRepository());
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}
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@Bean
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public FooRepository fooRepository() {
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return new HibernateFooRepository(sessionFactory());
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}
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@Bean
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public SessionFactory sessionFactory() {
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// wire up a session factory
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AnnotationSessionFactoryBean asFactoryBean =
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new AnnotationSessionFactoryBean();
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asFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
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// additional config
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return asFactoryBean.getObject();
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}
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@Bean
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public DataSource dataSource() {
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return new DriverManagerDataSource(jdbcUrl, username, password);
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}
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}
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</programlisting> To get this to work you need to add the following component
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scanning entry in your minimal application context XML file.
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<programlisting language="java"><context:component-scan
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base-package="com.myco.config"/></programlisting></para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Defining bean metadata within components</title>
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<para><literal>@Bean</literal> annotated methods are also supported
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inside Spring components. They contribute a factory bean definition to
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the container. See <link
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linkend="beans-factorybeans-annotations">Defining bean metadata within
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components</link> for more information</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="new-feature-oxm">
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<title>The Data Tier</title>
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<para>Object to XML mapping functionality (OXM) from the Spring Web
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Services project has been moved to the core Spring Framework now. The
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functionality is found in the <literal>org.springframework.oxm</literal>
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package. More information on the use of the <literal>OXM</literal>
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module can be found in the <link linkend="oxm">Marshalling XML using O/X
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Mappers</link> chapter.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-feature-rest">
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<title>The Web Tier</title>
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<para>The most exciting new feature for the Web Tier is the support for
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building RESTful web services and web applications. There are also some
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new annotations that can be used in any web application.</para>
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<section>
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<title>Comprehensive REST support</title>
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<para>Server-side support for building RESTful applications has been
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provided as an extension of the existing annotation driven MVC web
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framework. Client-side support is provided by the
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<classname>RestTemplate</classname> class in the spirit of other
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template classes such as <classname>JdbcTemplate</classname> and
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<classname>JmsTemplate</classname>. Both server and client side REST
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functionality make use of
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<interfacename>HttpConverter</interfacename>s to facilitate the
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conversion between objects and their representation in HTTP request
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and replies.</para>
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<para>The <classname>MarshallingHttpMessageConverter</classname> uses
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the <emphasis>Object to XML mapping</emphasis> functionality mentioned
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earlier.</para>
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<para>Refer to the section on <link linkend="rest">REST support</link>
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for more information.</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>@MVC additions</title>
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<para>Additional annotations such as
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<classname>@CookieValue</classname> and
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<classname>@RequestHeaders</classname> have been added. See <link
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linkend="mvc-ann-cookievalue">Mapping cookie values with the
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@CookieValue annotation</link> and <link
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linkend="mvc-ann-requestheader">Mapping request header attributes with
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the @RequestHeader annotation</link> for more information.</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="new-feature-validation">
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<title>Declarative model validation</title>
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<para>Hibernate Validator, JSR 303</para>
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<para>Work in progress... not part of the Spring 3.0 M3 release.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-feature-jee-6">
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<title>Early support for Java EE 6</title>
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<para>We provide support for asynchronous method invocations through the
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use of the new @Async annotation (or EJB 3.1's @Asynchronous
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annotation).</para>
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<para>JSF 2.0, JPA 2.0, etc</para>
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<para>Work in progress... not part of the Spring 3.0 M3 release.</para>
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</section>
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<section id="new-feature-embedded-databases">
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<title>Support for embedded databases</title>
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<para>Convenient support for <link
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linkend="jdbc-embedded-database-support">embedded Java database
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engines</link>, including HSQL, H2, and Derby, is now provided.</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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