SEC-2572: Document Spring Test
This commit is contained in:
Rob Winch
parent
1e5f7023c6
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c30c97005b
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[[test]]
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= Testing
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[[test-method]]
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== Testing Method Security
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This section demonstrates how to use Spring Security's Test support to test method based security.
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We first introduce a `MessageService` that requires the user to be authenticated in order to access it.
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[source,java]
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----
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public class HelloMessageService implements MessageService {
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@PreAuthorize("authenticated")
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public String getMessage() {
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Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext()
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.getAuthentication();
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return "Hello " + authentication;
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}
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}
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----
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The result of `getMessage` is a String saying "Hello" to the current Spring Security `Authentication`.
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An example of the output is displayed below.
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[source,text]
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----
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Hello org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken@ca25360: Principal: org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User@36ebcb: Username: user; Password: [PROTECTED]; Enabled: true; AccountNonExpired: true; credentialsNonExpired: true; AccountNonLocked: true; Granted Authorities: ROLE_USER; Credentials: [PROTECTED]; Authenticated: true; Details: null; Granted Authorities: ROLE_USER
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----
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[[test-method-setup]]
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=== Security Test Setup
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Before we can use Spring Security Test support, we must perform some setup. An example can be seen below:
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[source,java]
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----
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) // <1>
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@ContextConfiguration // <2>
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public class WithMockUserTests {
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----
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This is a basic example of how to setup Spring Security Test. The highlights are:
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<1> `@RunWith` instructs the spring-test module that it should create an ApplicationContext This is no different than using the existing Spring Test support. For additional information, refer to the http://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/4.0.x/spring-framework-reference/htmlsingle/#integration-testing-annotations-standard[Spring Reference]
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<2> `@ContextConfiguration` instructs the spring-test the configuration to use to create the `ApplicationContext`. Since no configuration is specified, the default configuration locations will be tried. This is no different than using the existing Spring Test support. For additional information, refer to the http://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/4.0.x/spring-framework-reference/htmlsingle/#testcontext-ctx-management[Spring Reference]
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NOTE: Spring Security hooks into Spring Test support using the `WithSecurityContextTestExcecutionListener` which will ensure our tests are ran with the correct user.
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It does this by populating the `SecurityContextHolder` prior to running our tests.
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After the test is done, it will clear out the `SecurityContextHolder`.
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Remember we added the `@PreAuthorize` annotation to our `HelloMessageService` and so it requires an authenticated user to invoke it.
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If we ran the following test, we would expect the following test will pass:
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test(expected = AuthenticationCredentialsNotFoundException.class)
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public void getMessageUnauthenticated() {
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messageService.getMessage();
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}
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----
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[[test-method-withmockuser]]
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=== @WithMockUser
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The question is "How could we most easily run the test as a specific user?"
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The answer is to use `@WithMockUser`.
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The following test will be ran as a user with the username "user", the password "password", and the roles "ROLE_USER".
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test
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@WithMockUser
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public void getMessageWithMockUser() {
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String message = messageService.getMessage();
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...
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}
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----
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Specifically the following is true:
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* The user with the username "user" does not have to exist since we are mocking the user
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* The `Authentication` that is populated in the `SecurityContext` is of type `UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken`
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* The principal on the `Authentication` is Spring Security's `User` object
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* The `User` will have the username of "user", the password "password", and a single `GrantedAuthority` named "ROLE_USER" is used.
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Our example is nice because we are able to leverage a lot of defaults.
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What if we wanted to run the test with a different username?
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The following test would run with the username "customUser". Again, the user does not need to actually exist.
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test
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@WithMockUser("customUsername")
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public void getMessageWithMockUserCustomUsername() {
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String message = messageService.getMessage();
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...
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}
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----
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We can also easily customize the roles.
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For example, this test will be invoked with the username "admin" and the roles "ROLE_USER" and "ROLE_ADMIN".
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test
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@WithMockUser(username="admin",roles={"USER","ADMIN"})
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public void getMessageWithMockUserCustomUser() {
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String message = messageService.getMessage();
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...
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}
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----
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Of course it can be a bit tedious placing the annotation on every test method.
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Instead, we can place the annotation at the class level and every test will use the specified user.
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For example, the following would run every test with a user with the username "admin", the password "password", and the roles "ROLE_USER" and "ROLE_ADMIN".
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[source,java]
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----
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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@ContextConfiguration
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@WithMockUser(username="admin",roles={"USER","ADMIN"})
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public class WithMockUserTests {
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----
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[[test-method-withuserdetails]]
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=== @WithUserDetails
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While `@WithMockUser` is a very convenient way to get started, it may not work in all instances.
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For example, it is common for applications to expect that the `Authentication` principal be of a specific type.
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This is done so that the application can refer to the principal as the custom type and reduce coupling on Spring Security.
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The custom principal is often times returned by a custom `UserDetailsService` that returns an object that implements both `UserDetails` and the custom type.
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For situations like this, it is useful to create the test user using the custom `UserDetailsService`.
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That is exactly what `@WithUserDetails` does.
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Assuming we have a `UserDetailsService` exposed as a bean, the following test will be invoked with an `Authentication` of type `UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken` and a principal that is returned from the `UserDetailsService` with the username of "user".
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test
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@WithUserDetails
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public void getMessageWithUserDetails() {
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String message = messageService.getMessage();
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...
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}
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----
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We can also customize the username used to lookup the user from our `UserDetailsService`.
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For example, this test would be executed with a principal that is returned from the `UserDetailsService` with the username of "customUsername".
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test
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@WithUserDetails("customUsername")
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public void getMessageWithUserDetailsCustomUsername() {
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String message = messageService.getMessage();
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...
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}
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----
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Like `@WithMockUser` we can also place our annotation at the class level so that every test uses the same user.
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However unlike `@WithMockUser`, `@WithUserDetails` requires the user to exist.
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[[test-method-withsecuritycontext]]
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=== @WithSecurityContext
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We have seen that `@WithMockUser` is an excellent choice if we are not using a custom `Authentication` principal.
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Next we discovered that `@WithUserDetails` would allow us to use a custom `UserDetailsService` to create our `Authentication` principal but required the user to exist.
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We will now see an option that allows the most flexibility.
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We can create our own annotation that uses the `@WithSecurityContext` to create any `SecurityContext` we want.
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For example, we might create an annotation named `@WithMockCustomUser` as shown below:
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[source,java]
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----
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@WithSecurityContext(factory = WithMockCustomUserSecurityContextFactory.class)
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public @interface WithMockCustomUser {
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String username() default "rob";
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String name() default "Rob Winch";
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}
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----
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You can see that `@WithMockCustomUser` is annotated with the `@WithSecurityContext` annotation.
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This is what signals to Spring Security Test support that we intend to create a `SecurityContext` for the test.
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The `@WithSecurityContext` annotation requires we specify a `SecurityContextFactory` that will create a new `SecurityContext` given our `@WithMockCustomUser` annotation.
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You can find our `WithMockCustomUserSecurityContextFactory` implementation below:
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[source,java]
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----
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public class WithMockCustomUserSecurityContextFactory
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implements WithSecurityContextFactory<WithMockCustomUser> {
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@Override
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public SecurityContext createSecurityContext(WithMockCustomUser customUser) {
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SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();
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CustomUserDetails principal =
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new CustomUserDetails(customUser.name(), customUser.username());
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Authentication auth =
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new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, "password", principal.getAuthorities());
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context.setAuthentication(auth);
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return context;
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}
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}
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----
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We can now annotate a test class or a test method with our new annotation and Spring Security's `WithSecurityContextTestExcecutionListener` will ensure that our `SecurityContext` is populated appropriately.
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When creating your own `WithSecurityContextFactory` implementations, it is nice to know that they can be annotated with standard Spring annotations.
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For example, the `WithUserDetailsSecurityContextFactory` uses the `@Autowired` annotation to acquire the `UserDetailsService`:
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[source,java]
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----
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final class WithUserDetailsSecurityContextFactory
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implements WithSecurityContextFactory<WithUserDetails> {
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private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
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@Autowired
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public WithUserDetailsSecurityContextFactory(UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
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this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
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}
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public SecurityContext createSecurityContext(WithUserDetails withUser) {
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String username = withUser.value();
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Assert.hasLength(username, "value() must be non empty String");
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UserDetails principal = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
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Authentication authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, principal.getPassword(), principal.getAuthorities());
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SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();
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context.setAuthentication(authentication);
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return context;
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}
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}
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----
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[[test-mockmvc]]
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== Spring MVC Test Integration
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Spring Security provides comprehensive integration with http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/html/testing.html#spring-mvc-test-framework[Spring MVC Test]
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[[test-mockmvc-setup]]
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=== Setting Up MockMvc and Spring Security
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In order to use Spring Security with Spring MVC Test it is necessary to add the Spring Security `FilterChainProxy` as a `Filter`.
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It is also necessary to add Spring Security's `TestSecurityContextHolderPostProcessor` to support <<Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with Annotations,Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with Annotations>>.
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This can be done using Spring Security's `SecurityMockMvcConfigurers.springSecurity()`.
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For example:
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NOTE: Spring Security's testing support requires spring-test-4.1.3.RELEASE or greater.
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[source,java]
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----
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import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.setup.SecurityMockMvcConfigurers.*;
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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@ContextConfiguration
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@WebAppConfiguration
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public class CsrfShowcaseTests {
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@Autowired
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private WebApplicationContext context;
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private MockMvc mvc;
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@Before
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public void setup() {
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mvc = MockMvcBuilders
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.webAppContextSetup(context)
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.apply(springSecurity()) // <1>
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.build();
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}
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...
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----
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<1> `SecurityMockMvcConfigurers.springSecurity()` will perform all of the initial setup we need to integrate Spring Security with Spring MVC Test
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[[test-mockmvc-smmrpp]]
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=== SecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors
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Spring MVC Test provides a convenient interface called a `RequestPostProcessor` that can be used to modify a request.
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Spring Security provides a number of `RequestPostProcessor` implementations that make testing easier.
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In order to use Spring Security's `RequestPostProcessor` implementations ensure the following static import is used:
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[source,java]
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----
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import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.request.SecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors.*;
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----
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[[test-mockmvc-csrf]]
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==== Testing with CSRF Protection
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When testing any non safe HTTP methods and using Spring Security's CSRF protection, you must be sure to include a valid CSRF Token in the request.
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To specify a valid CSRF token as a request parameter using the following:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(post("/").with(csrf()))
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----
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If you like you can include CSRF token in the header instead:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(post("/").with(csrf().asHeader()))
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----
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You can also test providing an invalid CSRF token using the following:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(post("/").with(csrf().useInvalidToken()))
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----
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[[test-mockmvc-securitycontextholder]]
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==== Running a Test as a User in Spring MVC Test
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It is often desirable to run tests as a specific user.
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There are two simple ways of populating the user:
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* <<Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with RequestPostProcessor,Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with RequestPostProcessor>>
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* <<Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with Annotations,Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with Annotations>>
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[[test-mockmvc-securitycontextholder-rpp]]
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==== Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with RequestPostProcessor
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There are a number of options available to populate a test user.
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For example, the following will run as a user (which does not need to exist) with the username "user", the password "password", and the role "ROLE_USER":
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(get("/").with(user("user")))
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----
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You can easily make customizations.
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For example, the following will run as a user (which does not need to exist) with the username "admin", the password "pass", and the roles "ROLE_USER" and "ROLE_ADMIN".
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(get("/admin").with(user("admin").password("pass").roles("USER","ADMIN")))
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----
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If you have a custom `UserDetails` that you would like to use, you can easily specify that as well.
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For example, the following will use the specified `UserDetails` (which does not need to exist) to run with a `UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken` that has a principal of the specified `UserDetails`:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(get("/").with(user(userDetails)))
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----
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If you want a custom `Authentication` (which does not need to exist) you can do so using the following:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(get("/").with(authentication(authentication)))
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----
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You can even customize the `SecurityContext` using the following:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(get("/").with(securityContext(securityContext)))
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----
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We can also ensure to run as a specific user for every request by using `MockMvcBuilders`'s default request.
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For example, the following will run as a user (which does not need to exist) with the username "admin", the password "password", and the role "ROLE_ADMIN":
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc = MockMvcBuilders
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.webAppContextSetup(context)
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.defaultRequest(get("/").with(user("user").roles("ADMIN")))
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.apply(springSecurity())
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.build();
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----
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If you find you are using the same user in many of your tests, it is recommended to move the user to a method.
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For example, you can specify the following in your own class named `CustomSecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors`:
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[source,java]
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----
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public static RequestPostProcessor rob() {
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return user("rob").roles("ADMIN");
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}
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----
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Now you can perform a static import on `SecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors` and use that within your tests:
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[source,java]
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----
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import static sample.CustomSecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors.*;
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...
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mvc
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.perform(get("/").with(rob()))
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----
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===== Running as a User in Spring MVC Test with Annotations
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As an alternative to using a `RequestPostProcessor` to create your user, you can use annotations described in <<Testing Method Security>>.
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For example, the following will run the test with the user with username "user", password "password", and role "ROLE_USER":
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test
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@WithMockUser
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public void requestProtectedUrlWithUser() throws Exception {
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mvc
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.perform(get("/"))
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...
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}
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----
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Alternatively, the following will run the test with the user with username "user", password "password", and role "ROLE_ADMIN":
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[source,java]
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----
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@Test
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@WithMockUser(roles="ADMIN")
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public void requestProtectedUrlWithUser() throws Exception {
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mvc
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.perform(get("/"))
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...
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}
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----
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==== Testing HTTP Basic Authentication
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While it has always been possible to authenticate with HTTP Basic, it was a bit tedious to remember the header name, format, and encode the values.
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Now this can be done using Spring Security's `httpBasic` `RequestPostProcessor`.
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For example, the snippet below:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(get("/").with(httpBasic("user","password")))
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----
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will attempt to use HTTP Basic to authenticate a user with the username "user" and the password "password" by ensuring the following header is populated on the HTTP Request:
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[source,text]
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----
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Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNzd29yZA==
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----
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=== SecurityMockMvcRequestBuilders
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Spring MVC Test also provides a `RequestBuilder` interface that can be used to create the `MockHttpServletRequest` used in your test.
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Spring Security provides a few `RequestBuilder` implementations that can be used to make testing easier.
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In order to use Spring Security's `RequestBuilder` implementations ensure the following static import is used:
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[source,java]
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----
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import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.request.SecurityMockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
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----
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==== Testing Form Based Authentication
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You can easily create a request to test a form based authentication using Spring Security's testing support.
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For example, the following will submit a POST to "/login" with the username "user", the password "password", and a valid CSRF token:
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[source,java]
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----
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mvc
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.perform(formLogin())
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||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
It is easy to customize the request.
|
||||
For example, the following will submit a POST to "/auth" with the username "admin", the password "pass", and a valid CSRF token:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(formLogin("/auth").user("admin").password("pass"))
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
We can also customize the parameters names that the username and password are included on.
|
||||
For example, this is the above request modified to include the username on the HTTP parameter "u" and the password on the HTTP parameter "p".
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(formLogin("/auth").user("a","admin").password("p","pass"))
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
==== Testing Logout
|
||||
|
||||
While fairly trivial using standard Spring MVC Test, you can use Spring Security's testing support to make testing log out easier.
|
||||
For example, the following will submit a POST to "/logout" with a valid CSRF token:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(logout())
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
You can also customize the URL to post to.
|
||||
For example, the snippet below will submit a POST to "/signout" with a valid CSRF token:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(logout("/signout"))
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
=== SecurityMockMvcResultMatchers
|
||||
|
||||
At times it is desirable to make various security related assertions about a request.
|
||||
To accommodate this need, Spring Security Test support implements Spring MVC Test's `ResultMatcher` interface.
|
||||
In order to use Spring Security's `ResultMatcher` implementations ensure the following static import is used:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
import static org.springframework.security.test.web.servlet.response.SecurityMockMvcResultMatchers.*;
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
==== Unauthenticated Assertion
|
||||
|
||||
At times it may be valuable to assert that there is no authenticated user associated with the result of a `MockMvc` invocation.
|
||||
For example, you might want to test submitting an invalid username and password and verify that no user is authenticated.
|
||||
You can easily do this with Spring Security's testing support using something like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(formLogin().password("invalid"))
|
||||
.andExpect(unauthenticated());
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
==== Authenticated Assertion
|
||||
|
||||
It is often times that we must assert that an authenticated user exists.
|
||||
For example, we may want to verify that we authenticated successfully.
|
||||
We could verify that a form based login was successful with the following snippet of code:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(formLogin())
|
||||
.andExpect(authenticated());
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
If we wanted to assert the roles of the user, we could refine our previous code as shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(formLogin().user("admin"))
|
||||
.andExpect(authenticated().withRoles("USER","ADMIN"));
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, we could verify the username:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(formLogin().user("admin"))
|
||||
.andExpect(authenticated().withUsername("admin"));
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
We can also combine the assertions:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,java]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mvc
|
||||
.perform(formLogin().user("admin").roles("USER","ADMIN"))
|
||||
.andExpect(authenticated().withUsername("admin"));
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
|
|||
= Spring Security Reference
|
||||
Ben Alex; Luke Taylor; Rob Winch
|
||||
:include-dir: _includes
|
||||
|
||||
Spring Security is a powerful and highly customizable authentication and access-control framework. It is the de-facto standard for securing Spring-based applications.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2273,6 +2274,7 @@ When an authentication provider (such as Spring Security's `DaoAuthenticationPro
|
|||
|
||||
If you want to generate encoded passwords directly in Java for storage in your user database, then you can use the `encode` method on the `PasswordEncoder`.
|
||||
|
||||
include::{include-dir}/test.adoc[]
|
||||
|
||||
[[web-app-security]]
|
||||
= Web Application Security
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue