diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript.spec.ts b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript.spec.ts
index 73c6d316a..b2a8036a0 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript.spec.ts
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ describe('SFC compile <script setup>', () => {
       expect(() =>
         compile(`<script setup>
         let bar = 1
-        defineModel({
+        const model = defineModel({
           default: () => bar
         })
         </script>`),
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ describe('SFC compile <script setup>', () => {
       expect(() =>
         compile(`<script setup>
         const bar = 1
-        defineModel({
+        const model = defineModel({
           default: () => bar
         })
         </script>`),
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ describe('SFC compile <script setup>', () => {
       expect(() =>
         compile(`<script setup>
         let bar = 1
-        defineModel({
+        const model = defineModel({
           get: () => bar,
           set: () => bar
         })
diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/defineModel.spec.ts b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/defineModel.spec.ts
index 5d696a95d..104d3dc7a 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/defineModel.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/defineModel.spec.ts
@@ -269,4 +269,16 @@ describe('defineModel()', () => {
       modelValue: BindingTypes.SETUP_REF,
     })
   })
+
+  test('error when defineModel is not assigned to a variable', () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      compile(`
+        <script setup>
+        defineModel()
+        </script>
+      `),
+    ).toThrow(
+      'defineModel() must be assigned to a variable. For example: const model = defineModel()',
+    )
+  })
 })
diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/defineModel.ts b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/defineModel.ts
index 050828002..746bbabe5 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/defineModel.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/defineModel.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ export function processDefineModel(
     return false
   }
 
+  if (!declId) {
+    ctx.error(
+      'defineModel() must be assigned to a variable. For example: const model = defineModel()',
+      node,
+    )
+  }
+
   ctx.hasDefineModelCall = true
 
   const type =