diff --git a/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/__snapshots__/parse.spec.ts.snap b/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/__snapshots__/parse.spec.ts.snap
index 942eed4c4..a9b5fae03 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/__snapshots__/parse.spec.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/__snapshots__/parse.spec.ts.snap
@@ -3848,6 +3848,380 @@ exports[`compiler: parse > Errors > UNEXPECTED_SOLIDUS_IN_TAG > <template><div a
 }
 `;
 
+exports[`compiler: parse > Errors > X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT > <div #="obj" /> 1`] = `
+{
+  "cached": 0,
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [],
+      "codegenNode": undefined,
+      "isSelfClosing": true,
+      "loc": {
+        "end": {
+          "column": 16,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 15,
+        },
+        "source": "<div #="obj" />",
+        "start": {
+          "column": 1,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 0,
+        },
+      },
+      "ns": 0,
+      "props": [
+        {
+          "arg": undefined,
+          "exp": {
+            "constType": 0,
+            "content": "obj",
+            "isStatic": false,
+            "loc": {
+              "end": {
+                "column": 12,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 11,
+              },
+              "source": "obj",
+              "start": {
+                "column": 9,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 8,
+              },
+            },
+            "type": 4,
+          },
+          "loc": {
+            "end": {
+              "column": 13,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 12,
+            },
+            "source": "#="obj"",
+            "start": {
+              "column": 6,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 5,
+            },
+          },
+          "modifiers": [],
+          "name": "slot",
+          "rawName": "#",
+          "type": 7,
+        },
+      ],
+      "tag": "div",
+      "tagType": 0,
+      "type": 1,
+    },
+  ],
+  "codegenNode": undefined,
+  "components": [],
+  "directives": [],
+  "helpers": Set {},
+  "hoists": [],
+  "imports": [],
+  "loc": {
+    "end": {
+      "column": 16,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 15,
+    },
+    "source": "<div #="obj" />",
+    "start": {
+      "column": 1,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 0,
+    },
+  },
+  "source": "<div #="obj" />",
+  "temps": 0,
+  "type": 0,
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`compiler: parse > Errors > X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT > <div .="obj" /> 1`] = `
+{
+  "cached": 0,
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [],
+      "codegenNode": undefined,
+      "isSelfClosing": true,
+      "loc": {
+        "end": {
+          "column": 16,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 15,
+        },
+        "source": "<div .="obj" />",
+        "start": {
+          "column": 1,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 0,
+        },
+      },
+      "ns": 0,
+      "props": [
+        {
+          "arg": undefined,
+          "exp": {
+            "constType": 0,
+            "content": "obj",
+            "isStatic": false,
+            "loc": {
+              "end": {
+                "column": 12,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 11,
+              },
+              "source": "obj",
+              "start": {
+                "column": 9,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 8,
+              },
+            },
+            "type": 4,
+          },
+          "loc": {
+            "end": {
+              "column": 13,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 12,
+            },
+            "source": ".="obj"",
+            "start": {
+              "column": 6,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 5,
+            },
+          },
+          "modifiers": [
+            "prop",
+          ],
+          "name": "bind",
+          "rawName": ".",
+          "type": 7,
+        },
+      ],
+      "tag": "div",
+      "tagType": 0,
+      "type": 1,
+    },
+  ],
+  "codegenNode": undefined,
+  "components": [],
+  "directives": [],
+  "helpers": Set {},
+  "hoists": [],
+  "imports": [],
+  "loc": {
+    "end": {
+      "column": 16,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 15,
+    },
+    "source": "<div .="obj" />",
+    "start": {
+      "column": 1,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 0,
+    },
+  },
+  "source": "<div .="obj" />",
+  "temps": 0,
+  "type": 0,
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`compiler: parse > Errors > X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT > <div :="obj" /> 1`] = `
+{
+  "cached": 0,
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [],
+      "codegenNode": undefined,
+      "isSelfClosing": true,
+      "loc": {
+        "end": {
+          "column": 16,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 15,
+        },
+        "source": "<div :="obj" />",
+        "start": {
+          "column": 1,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 0,
+        },
+      },
+      "ns": 0,
+      "props": [
+        {
+          "arg": undefined,
+          "exp": {
+            "constType": 0,
+            "content": "obj",
+            "isStatic": false,
+            "loc": {
+              "end": {
+                "column": 12,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 11,
+              },
+              "source": "obj",
+              "start": {
+                "column": 9,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 8,
+              },
+            },
+            "type": 4,
+          },
+          "loc": {
+            "end": {
+              "column": 13,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 12,
+            },
+            "source": ":="obj"",
+            "start": {
+              "column": 6,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 5,
+            },
+          },
+          "modifiers": [],
+          "name": "bind",
+          "rawName": ":",
+          "type": 7,
+        },
+      ],
+      "tag": "div",
+      "tagType": 0,
+      "type": 1,
+    },
+  ],
+  "codegenNode": undefined,
+  "components": [],
+  "directives": [],
+  "helpers": Set {},
+  "hoists": [],
+  "imports": [],
+  "loc": {
+    "end": {
+      "column": 16,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 15,
+    },
+    "source": "<div :="obj" />",
+    "start": {
+      "column": 1,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 0,
+    },
+  },
+  "source": "<div :="obj" />",
+  "temps": 0,
+  "type": 0,
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`compiler: parse > Errors > X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT > <div @="obj" /> 1`] = `
+{
+  "cached": 0,
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [],
+      "codegenNode": undefined,
+      "isSelfClosing": true,
+      "loc": {
+        "end": {
+          "column": 16,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 15,
+        },
+        "source": "<div @="obj" />",
+        "start": {
+          "column": 1,
+          "line": 1,
+          "offset": 0,
+        },
+      },
+      "ns": 0,
+      "props": [
+        {
+          "arg": undefined,
+          "exp": {
+            "constType": 0,
+            "content": "obj",
+            "isStatic": false,
+            "loc": {
+              "end": {
+                "column": 12,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 11,
+              },
+              "source": "obj",
+              "start": {
+                "column": 9,
+                "line": 1,
+                "offset": 8,
+              },
+            },
+            "type": 4,
+          },
+          "loc": {
+            "end": {
+              "column": 13,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 12,
+            },
+            "source": "@="obj"",
+            "start": {
+              "column": 6,
+              "line": 1,
+              "offset": 5,
+            },
+          },
+          "modifiers": [],
+          "name": "on",
+          "rawName": "@",
+          "type": 7,
+        },
+      ],
+      "tag": "div",
+      "tagType": 0,
+      "type": 1,
+    },
+  ],
+  "codegenNode": undefined,
+  "components": [],
+  "directives": [],
+  "helpers": Set {},
+  "hoists": [],
+  "imports": [],
+  "loc": {
+    "end": {
+      "column": 16,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 15,
+    },
+    "source": "<div @="obj" />",
+    "start": {
+      "column": 1,
+      "line": 1,
+      "offset": 0,
+    },
+  },
+  "source": "<div @="obj" />",
+  "temps": 0,
+  "type": 0,
+}
+`;
+
 exports[`compiler: parse > Errors > X_INVALID_END_TAG > <svg><![CDATA[</div>]]></svg> 1`] = `
 {
   "cached": [],
diff --git a/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/parse.spec.ts b/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/parse.spec.ts
index 4e5a96165..a134a24e1 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/parse.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-core/__tests__/parse.spec.ts
@@ -2254,6 +2254,9 @@ describe('compiler: parse', () => {
         exp: undefined,
         arg: undefined,
       })
+      expect(
+        `the directive shorthand '#' cannot be used without an argument`,
+      ).toHaveBeenWarned()
     })
 
     // edge case found in vue-macros where the input is TS or JSX
@@ -2550,7 +2553,8 @@ describe('compiler: parse', () => {
     const patterns: {
       [key: string]: Array<{
         code: string
-        errors: Array<{ type: ErrorCodes; loc: Position }>
+        errors?: Array<{ type: ErrorCodes; loc: Position }>
+        warnings?: Array<{ type: ErrorCodes; loc: Position }>
         options?: Partial<ParserOptions>
       }>
     } = {
@@ -3420,32 +3424,80 @@ describe('compiler: parse', () => {
           ],
         },
       ],
+      X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT: [
+        {
+          code: `<div :="obj" />`,
+          warnings: [
+            {
+              type: ErrorCodes.X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT,
+              loc: { offset: 5, line: 1, column: 6 },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          code: `<div .="obj" />`,
+          warnings: [
+            {
+              type: ErrorCodes.X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT,
+              loc: { offset: 5, line: 1, column: 6 },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          code: `<div @="obj" />`,
+          warnings: [
+            {
+              type: ErrorCodes.X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT,
+              loc: { offset: 5, line: 1, column: 6 },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          code: `<div #="obj" />`,
+          warnings: [
+            {
+              type: ErrorCodes.X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT,
+              loc: { offset: 5, line: 1, column: 6 },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
     }
 
     for (const key of Object.keys(patterns)) {
       describe(key, () => {
-        for (const { code, errors, options } of patterns[key]) {
+        for (const { code, errors = [], warnings = [], options } of patterns[
+          key
+        ]) {
           test(
             code.replace(
               /[\r\n]/g,
               c => `\\x0${c.codePointAt(0)!.toString(16)};`,
             ),
             () => {
-              const spy = vi.fn()
+              const errorSpy = vi.fn()
+              const warnSpy = vi.fn()
               const ast = baseParse(code, {
                 parseMode: 'html',
                 getNamespace: tag =>
                   tag === 'svg' ? Namespaces.SVG : Namespaces.HTML,
                 ...options,
-                onError: spy,
+                onError: errorSpy,
+                onWarn: warnSpy,
               })
 
               expect(
-                spy.mock.calls.map(([err]) => ({
+                errorSpy.mock.calls.map(([err]) => ({
                   type: err.code,
                   loc: err.loc.start,
                 })),
               ).toMatchObject(errors)
+              expect(
+                warnSpy.mock.calls.map(([err]) => ({
+                  type: err.code,
+                  loc: err.loc.start,
+                })),
+              ).toMatchObject(warnings)
               expect(ast).toMatchSnapshot()
             },
           )
diff --git a/packages/compiler-core/src/errors.ts b/packages/compiler-core/src/errors.ts
index 58e113ab1..841ba2f84 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-core/src/errors.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-core/src/errors.ts
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ export enum ErrorCodes {
   X_V_MODEL_ON_PROPS,
   X_INVALID_EXPRESSION,
   X_KEEP_ALIVE_INVALID_CHILDREN,
+  X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT,
 
   // generic errors
   X_PREFIX_ID_NOT_SUPPORTED,
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ export const errorMessages: Record<ErrorCodes, string> = {
   [ErrorCodes.X_INVALID_EXPRESSION]: `Error parsing JavaScript expression: `,
   [ErrorCodes.X_KEEP_ALIVE_INVALID_CHILDREN]: `<KeepAlive> expects exactly one child component.`,
   [ErrorCodes.X_VNODE_HOOKS]: `@vnode-* hooks in templates are no longer supported. Use the vue: prefix instead. For example, @vnode-mounted should be changed to @vue:mounted. @vnode-* hooks support has been removed in 3.4.`,
+  [ErrorCodes.X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT]: `Directive shorthand without an argument: `,
 
   // generic errors
   [ErrorCodes.X_PREFIX_ID_NOT_SUPPORTED]: `"prefixIdentifiers" option is not supported in this build of compiler.`,
diff --git a/packages/compiler-core/src/parser.ts b/packages/compiler-core/src/parser.ts
index 7d1b01360..2a13aa1d1 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-core/src/parser.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-core/src/parser.ts
@@ -244,7 +244,21 @@ const tokenizer = new Tokenizer(stack, {
   },
 
   ondirarg(start, end) {
-    if (start === end) return
+    if (start === end) {
+      if (__DEV__) {
+        const currentDir = currentProp as DirectiveNode
+
+        if (currentDir.rawName?.length === 1) {
+          emitWarning(
+            ErrorCodes.X_DIRECTIVE_SHORTHAND_NO_ARGUMENT,
+            start - 1,
+            `the directive shorthand '${currentDir.rawName}' cannot be used without an argument. ` +
+              `Use v-${currentDir.name} instead or provide an argument.`,
+          )
+        }
+      }
+      return
+    }
     const arg = getSlice(start, end)
     if (inVPre) {
       ;(currentProp as AttributeNode).name += arg
@@ -1025,6 +1039,12 @@ function emitError(code: ErrorCodes, index: number, message?: string) {
   )
 }
 
+function emitWarning(code: ErrorCodes, index: number, message?: string) {
+  currentOptions.onWarn(
+    createCompilerError(code, getLoc(index, index), undefined, message),
+  )
+}
+
 function reset() {
   tokenizer.reset()
   currentOpenTag = null
diff --git a/packages/compiler-dom/src/errors.ts b/packages/compiler-dom/src/errors.ts
index b47624840..5bffa4e53 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-dom/src/errors.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-dom/src/errors.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export function createDOMCompilerError(
 }
 
 export enum DOMErrorCodes {
-  X_V_HTML_NO_EXPRESSION = 53 /* ErrorCodes.__EXTEND_POINT__ */,
+  X_V_HTML_NO_EXPRESSION = 54 /* ErrorCodes.__EXTEND_POINT__ */,
   X_V_HTML_WITH_CHILDREN,
   X_V_TEXT_NO_EXPRESSION,
   X_V_TEXT_WITH_CHILDREN,
diff --git a/packages/compiler-ssr/src/errors.ts b/packages/compiler-ssr/src/errors.ts
index e4fd505d2..37c30c939 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-ssr/src/errors.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-ssr/src/errors.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export function createSSRCompilerError(
 }
 
 export enum SSRErrorCodes {
-  X_SSR_UNSAFE_ATTR_NAME = 65 /* DOMErrorCodes.__EXTEND_POINT__ */,
+  X_SSR_UNSAFE_ATTR_NAME = 66 /* DOMErrorCodes.__EXTEND_POINT__ */,
   X_SSR_NO_TELEPORT_TARGET,
   X_SSR_INVALID_AST_NODE,
 }