diff --git a/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts b/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts
index dc1f8ed78..25b462201 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-dom/src/apiCustomElement.ts
@@ -157,7 +157,11 @@ export const defineSSRCustomElement = ((options: any) => {
   return defineCustomElement(options, hydrate)
 }) as typeof defineCustomElement
 
-export class VueElement extends HTMLElement {
+const BaseClass = (typeof HTMLElement !== 'undefined'
+  ? HTMLElement
+  : class {}) as typeof HTMLElement
+
+export class VueElement extends BaseClass {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/render.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/render.spec.ts
index b3bb49805..1a40c598c 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/render.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/render.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import {
   createApp,
   h,
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrAttrFallthrough.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrAttrFallthrough.spec.ts
index fb974f979..3cc2efc31 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrAttrFallthrough.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrAttrFallthrough.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { createApp } from 'vue'
 import { renderToString } from '../src/renderToString'
 
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDirectives.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDirectives.spec.ts
index a3ba59c95..788ba0925 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDirectives.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDirectives.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { renderToString } from '../src/renderToString'
 import {
   createApp,
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDynamicComponent.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDynamicComponent.spec.ts
index dff16c781..751c229a8 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDynamicComponent.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrDynamicComponent.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { createApp, createVNode } from 'vue'
 import { renderToString } from '../src/renderToString'
 
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrInterpolate.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrInterpolate.spec.ts
index fc9a4a3b4..d02455582 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrInterpolate.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrInterpolate.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { ssrInterpolate } from '../src/helpers/ssrInterpolate'
 import { escapeHtml } from '@vue/shared'
 
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderAttrs.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderAttrs.spec.ts
index bf5c2b53e..270c910d5 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderAttrs.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderAttrs.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import {
   ssrRenderAttrs,
   ssrRenderClass,
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderList.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderList.spec.ts
index 59b5d2ddf..744d87886 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderList.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrRenderList.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { ssrRenderList } from '../src/helpers/ssrRenderList'
 
 describe('ssr: renderList', () => {
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrScopeId.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrScopeId.spec.ts
index 3091153e1..e49c4d3b7 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrScopeId.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrScopeId.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { createApp, h, mergeProps, withCtx } from 'vue'
 import { renderToString } from '../src/renderToString'
 import { ssrRenderComponent, ssrRenderAttrs, ssrRenderSlot } from '../src'
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrSuspense.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrSuspense.spec.ts
index 4da4ce4b9..dec810221 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrSuspense.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrSuspense.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { createApp, h, Suspense } from 'vue'
 import { renderToString } from '../src/renderToString'
 
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrTeleport.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrTeleport.spec.ts
index 1dd4aa65a..fda959186 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrTeleport.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrTeleport.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import { createApp, h, Teleport } from 'vue'
 import { renderToString } from '../src/renderToString'
 import { SSRContext } from '../src/render'
diff --git a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrVModelHelpers.spec.ts b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrVModelHelpers.spec.ts
index d003c5406..4958612a4 100644
--- a/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrVModelHelpers.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/server-renderer/__tests__/ssrVModelHelpers.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment node
+ */
+
 import {
   ssrRenderDynamicModel,
   ssrGetDynamicModelProps