diff --git a/lib/config/defaults.js b/lib/config/defaults.js
index aeeece583..e50e5d0e7 100644
--- a/lib/config/defaults.js
+++ b/lib/config/defaults.js
@@ -1138,10 +1138,12 @@ const applyOutputDefaults = (
 					break;
 			}
 			if (
-				tp.require === null ||
-				tp.nodeBuiltins === null ||
-				tp.document === null ||
-				tp.importScripts === null
+				(tp.require === null ||
+					tp.nodeBuiltins === null ||
+					tp.document === null ||
+					tp.importScripts === null) &&
+				output.module &&
+				environment.dynamicImport
 			) {
 				return "universal";
 			}
@@ -1163,9 +1165,11 @@ const applyOutputDefaults = (
 					break;
 			}
 			if (
-				tp.require === null ||
-				tp.nodeBuiltins === null ||
-				tp.importScriptsInWorker === null
+				(tp.require === null ||
+					tp.nodeBuiltins === null ||
+					tp.importScriptsInWorker === null) &&
+				output.module &&
+				environment.dynamicImport
 			) {
 				return "universal";
 			}
diff --git a/lib/javascript/EnableChunkLoadingPlugin.js b/lib/javascript/EnableChunkLoadingPlugin.js
index 014c44e02..4e7263a53 100644
--- a/lib/javascript/EnableChunkLoadingPlugin.js
+++ b/lib/javascript/EnableChunkLoadingPlugin.js
@@ -101,14 +101,12 @@ class EnableChunkLoadingPlugin {
 					}).apply(compiler);
 					break;
 				}
-				case "import": {
+				case "import":
+				case "universal": {
 					const ModuleChunkLoadingPlugin = require("../esm/ModuleChunkLoadingPlugin");
 					new ModuleChunkLoadingPlugin().apply(compiler);
 					break;
 				}
-				case "universal":
-					// TODO implement universal chunk loading
-					throw new Error("Universal Chunk Loading is not implemented yet");
 				default:
 					throw new Error(`Unsupported chunk loading type ${type}.
 Plugins which provide custom chunk loading types must call EnableChunkLoadingPlugin.setEnabled(compiler, type) to disable this error.`);
diff --git a/test/configCases/target/universal/file.png b/test/configCases/target/universal/file.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb53b9ded
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/configCases/target/universal/file.png differ
diff --git a/test/configCases/target/universal/index.js b/test/configCases/target/universal/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d68af7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/target/universal/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import value from "./separate";
+import { test as t } from "external-self";
+
+it("should compile", () => {
+	expect(value).toBe(42);
+});
+
+it("should circular depend on itself external", () => {
+	expect(test()).toBe(42);
+	expect(t()).toBe(42);
+});
+
+it("work with URL", () => {
+	const url = new URL("./file.png", import.meta.url);
+	expect(/[a-f0-9]{20}\.png/.test(url)).toBe(true);
+});
+
+function test() {
+	return 42;
+}
+
+export { test };
diff --git a/test/configCases/target/universal/separate.js b/test/configCases/target/universal/separate.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a4e8a723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/target/universal/separate.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/test/configCases/target/universal/test.config.js b/test/configCases/target/universal/test.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b15222e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/target/universal/test.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module.exports = {
+	findBundle: function () {
+		return ["./runtime.mjs", "./separate.mjs", "./main.mjs"];
+	}
+};
diff --git a/test/configCases/target/universal/webpack.config.js b/test/configCases/target/universal/webpack.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..386112ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/target/universal/webpack.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/** @type {import("../../../../").Configuration} */
+module.exports = {
+	output: {
+		filename: "[name].mjs",
+		library: {
+			type: "module"
+		}
+	},
+	target: ["web", "node"],
+	experiments: {
+		outputModule: true
+	},
+	optimization: {
+		minimize: true,
+		runtimeChunk: "single",
+		splitChunks: {
+			cacheGroups: {
+				separate: {
+					test: /separate/,
+					chunks: "all",
+					filename: "separate.mjs",
+					enforce: true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	externals: {
+		"external-self": "./main.mjs"
+	}
+};
diff --git a/test/configCases/wasm/universal/index.js b/test/configCases/wasm/universal/index.js
index b4dcd1014..1f57a507e 100644
--- a/test/configCases/wasm/universal/index.js
+++ b/test/configCases/wasm/universal/index.js
@@ -11,3 +11,17 @@ it("should allow to run a WebAssembly module (direct)", function() {
 		expect(result).toEqual(42);
 	});
 });
+
+it("should allow to run a WebAssembly module (in Worker)", async function() {
+	const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url), {
+		type: "module"
+	});
+	worker.postMessage("ok");
+	const result = await new Promise(resolve => {
+		worker.onmessage = event => {
+			resolve(event.data);
+		};
+	});
+	expect(result).toBe("data: 42, thanks");
+	await worker.terminate();
+});
diff --git a/test/configCases/wasm/universal/worker.js b/test/configCases/wasm/universal/worker.js
index e69de29bb..18cefef96 100644
--- a/test/configCases/wasm/universal/worker.js
+++ b/test/configCases/wasm/universal/worker.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+self.onmessage = async event => {
+	const { run } = await import("./module");
+	postMessage(`data: ${run()}, thanks`);
+};
diff --git a/test/configCases/worker/universal/index.js b/test/configCases/worker/universal/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d88ba1b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/worker/universal/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+it("should allow to create a WebWorker", async () => {
+	const worker = new Worker(new URL("./worker.js", import.meta.url), {
+		type: "module"
+	});
+	worker.postMessage("ok");
+	const result = await new Promise(resolve => {
+		worker.onmessage = event => {
+			resolve(event.data);
+		};
+	});
+	expect(result).toBe("data: OK, thanks");
+	await worker.terminate();
+});
+
+it("should allow to share chunks", async () => {
+	const { upper }  = await import("./module");
+	expect(upper("ok")).toBe("OK");
+});
diff --git a/test/configCases/worker/universal/module.js b/test/configCases/worker/universal/module.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a0b527ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/worker/universal/module.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export function upper(str) {
+	return str.toUpperCase();
+}
diff --git a/test/configCases/worker/universal/test.config.js b/test/configCases/worker/universal/test.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..221e5e155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/worker/universal/test.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+module.exports = {
+	moduleScope(scope, options) {
+		if (options.name.includes("node")) {
+			delete scope.Worker;
+		}
+	},
+	findBundle: function (i, options) {
+		return ["web-main.mjs"];
+	}
+};
diff --git a/test/configCases/worker/universal/test.filter.js b/test/configCases/worker/universal/test.filter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f74eb03f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/worker/universal/test.filter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const supportsWorker = require("../../../helpers/supportsWorker");
+
+module.exports = function (config) {
+	return supportsWorker();
+};
diff --git a/test/configCases/worker/universal/webpack.config.js b/test/configCases/worker/universal/webpack.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..583e26deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/worker/universal/webpack.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/** @type {import("../../../../").Configuration} */
+module.exports = [
+	{
+		name: "web",
+		target: ["web", "node"],
+		output: {
+			filename: "web-[name].mjs"
+		},
+		experiments: {
+			outputModule: true
+		}
+	}
+];
diff --git a/test/configCases/worker/universal/worker.js b/test/configCases/worker/universal/worker.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f730feb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/configCases/worker/universal/worker.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+self.onmessage = async event => {
+	const { upper } = await import("./module");
+	postMessage(`data: ${upper(event.data)}, thanks`);
+};
diff --git a/test/helpers/createFakeWorker.js b/test/helpers/createFakeWorker.js
index a9c2172bc..a0ebc24c9 100644
--- a/test/helpers/createFakeWorker.js
+++ b/test/helpers/createFakeWorker.js
@@ -2,22 +2,32 @@ const path = require("path");
 
 module.exports = ({ outputDirectory }) =>
 	class Worker {
-		constructor(url, options = {}) {
-			expect(url).toBeInstanceOf(URL);
-			expect(url.origin).toBe("https://test.cases");
-			expect(url.pathname.startsWith("/path/")).toBe(true);
-			this.url = url;
-			const file = url.pathname.slice(6);
+		constructor(resource, options = {}) {
+			expect(resource).toBeInstanceOf(URL);
+
+			const isFileURL = /^file:/i.test(resource);
+
+			if (!isFileURL) {
+				expect(resource.origin).toBe("https://test.cases");
+				expect(resource.pathname.startsWith("/path/")).toBe(true);
+			}
+
+			this.url = resource;
+			const file = isFileURL
+				? resource
+				: path.resolve(outputDirectory, resource.pathname.slice(6));
+
 			const workerBootstrap = `
 const { parentPort } = require("worker_threads");
-const { URL } = require("url");
+const { URL, fileURLToPath } = require("url");
 const path = require("path");
 const fs = require("fs");
 global.self = global;
 self.URL = URL;
-self.location = new URL(${JSON.stringify(url.toString())});
+self.location = new URL(${JSON.stringify(resource.toString())});
 const urlToPath = url => {
-	if(url.startsWith("https://test.cases/path/")) url = url.slice(24);
+  if (/^file:/i.test(url)) return fileURLToPath(url);
+	if (url.startsWith("https://test.cases/path/")) url = url.slice(24);
 	return path.resolve(${JSON.stringify(outputDirectory)}, \`./\${url}\`);
 };
 self.importScripts = url => {
@@ -35,8 +45,10 @@ self.fetch = async url => {
 			)
 		);
 		return {
+		  headers: { get(name) { } },
 			status: 200,
 			ok: true,
+			arrayBuffer() { return buffer; },
 			json: async () => JSON.parse(buffer.toString("utf-8"))
 		};
 	} catch(err) {
@@ -49,15 +61,26 @@ self.fetch = async url => {
 		throw err;
 	}
 };
-parentPort.on("message", data => {
-	if(self.onmessage) self.onmessage({
-		data
-	});
-});
+
 self.postMessage = data => {
 	parentPort.postMessage(data);
 };
-require(${JSON.stringify(path.resolve(outputDirectory, file))});
+if (${options.type === "module"}) {
+	import(${JSON.stringify(file)}).then(() => {
+		parentPort.on("message", data => {
+			if(self.onmessage) self.onmessage({
+				data
+			});
+		});
+	});
+} else {
+	parentPort.on("message", data => {
+		if(self.onmessage) self.onmessage({
+			data
+		});
+	});
+	require(${JSON.stringify(file)});
+}
 `;
 			this.worker = new (require("worker_threads").Worker)(workerBootstrap, {
 				eval: true