16 KiB
16 KiB
Python 中基于终端的高低游戏
原文：https://www.askpython.com/python/examples/terminal-hi-lo-game-in-python
本文围绕创建我们自己的高低牌游戏，可以在命令行上玩。
Hi-Lo 非常简单，但却是赌场中著名的游戏，玩家的目标是猜测一副牌中的下一张牌是高还是低。卡片等级从王牌开始，从最低等级到国王，最高等级。
高低游戏演示
看起来很简单，对吧？让我们快速进入游戏的设计部分。
游戏设计
游戏开发中最有创意的部分是游戏设计。作为一款基于终端的卡牌游戏，对于一个程序员来说自由度并不多。
在游戏的特定时刻，会显示三张牌，前一张、当前一张和一副牌中面朝下的下一张。我们的游戏设计看起来像:
Cards Display
在屏幕上，我们可以看到红心 a，方块 7 和一张未知的下一张牌。这通过以下方式实现:
def print_cards(prev_card, current_card):
print()
print("\t ________________ ________________ ________________")
print("\t| | | | | |")
if prev_card.value == '10' and current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif prev_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
else:
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.suit, current_card.suit))
print("\t| | | | | * |")
print("\t| | | | | * |")
print("\t| | | | | |")
print("\t| | | | | |")
if prev_card.value == '10' and current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif prev_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
else:
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
print("\t|________________| |________________| |________________|")
print()
印刷卡片的技巧部分是卡片边界的对齐，这成为 10 值卡片的一个问题，因为它有两个字符而不是一个。使用简单的条件语句，问题就解决了。
print_cards()函数接受两个参数，即Card对象。
创建卡片
表示“扑克牌”的最佳方式是使用对象。我们创建一个Card类。
class Card:
def __init__(self, suit, value):
self.suit = suit
self.value = value
任何卡片都有两个特征:
- 花色–牌的花色类型，例如黑桃
- 数值–牌的面值，例如 ace 或九。
要了解更多 Python 中的类和对象，请访问这里。
西装和价值观
我们需要特定的数据结构来存储花色和牌的类型。
# The type of suit
suits = ["Spades", "Hearts", "Clubs", "Diamonds"]
# The suit value
suits_values = {"Spades":"\u2664", "Hearts":"\u2661", "Clubs": "\u2667", "Diamonds": "\u2662"}
# The type of card
cards = ["A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K"]
# The card value
cards_values = {"A": 1, "2":2, "3":3, "4":4, "5":5, "6":6, "7":7, "8":8, "9":9, "10":10, "J":11, "Q":12, "K":13}
这些数据结构中的每一个都在游戏的流畅运行中扮演了一些角色。
制作一副纸牌
一副牌包含 52 张牌，每张牌都有不同的花色和值组合。使用对象列表，我们存储所有的卡片。
# The deck of cards
deck = []
# Loop for every type of suit
for suit in suits:
# Loop for every type of card in a suit
for card in cards:
# Adding card to the deck
deck.append(Card(suits_values[suit], card))
一切准备工作就绪后，就该开始游戏了。
hi_lo_game(deck)
函数hi_lo_game()负责一个游戏的运行。它需要一副牌才能工作。
设置游戏变量
在我们进入游戏逻辑之前，我们需要设置一些游戏变量:
- 前一张卡–我们需要用一张空卡初始化前一张卡。
- 当前卡–初始化当前卡
- 高低游戏的标准规则要求起始牌不是最低牌或最高牌。
- 从一副牌中取出当前的牌
- 得分–正确猜测的次数。
- 机会–一次不正确猜测的机会数量。
def hi_lo_game(deck):
global cards_values
# Initialize the previous card
prev_card = Card(" ", " ")
# Initialize the current card
current_card = random.choice(deck)
# The starting card cannot be lowest or highest
while current_card.value == "A" or current_card.value == "K":
current_card = random.choice(deck)
# Remove the card from the deck
deck.remove(current_card)
# Number of chances left
chances = 3
# The current
score = 0
第一行函数中card_values前的global关键字，负责获取当前函数hi_lo_game()范围外定义的全局变量card_values。
游戏循环
游戏逻辑的关键组成部分之一是游戏循环。在我们的高低游戏版本中，游戏循环取决于留给玩家的机会数量。因此:
# The GAME LOOP
while chances:
while 循环一直运行，直到留给玩家的机会不为零。
显示记分板
有两件事需要显示在我们的记分牌上:得分和机会。
# Function to print the scorebaord
def print_scoreboard(score, chances):
print("\t\t\t ____________________")
print("\t\t\t | |")
if score >= 10:
print("\t\t\t | Score = {} |".format(score))
else:
print("\t\t\t | Score = {} |".format(score))
print("\t\t\t | Chances Left = {} |".format(chances))
print("\t\t\t |____________________|")
游戏菜单
我们的游戏菜单是接受玩家输入所需的界面。在游戏过程中，菜单看起来像这样:
Game Menu
该游戏菜单由以下人员创建:
print_scoreboard(score, chances)
print_cards(prev_card, current_card)
print("\t\t ------------------------------------")
print("\t\t\t\tGAME MENU")
print("\t\t ------------------------------------")
print()
print("\t\t Enter 1 to bet for a high card")
print("\t\t Enter 0 to bet for a low card")
print()
接受玩家输入
在这个游戏中，玩家唯一要做的就是猜“高”或“低”。在游戏菜单中，我们已经给“高”分配了 1，而给“低”分配了 0。
# Try block for player input error
try:
choice = int(input("\t\t\t Enter your choice = "))
except ValueError:
clear()
print("\t\t\tWrong Input!! Try Again.")
continue
# Some wrong choice
if choice > 1 or choice < 0:
clear()
print("\t\t\tWrong Input!! Try Again.")
continue
有try块用于抑制误差，并通过except部分引导误差。
交换卡片
我们 Hi-Lo 游戏的游戏逻辑非常简单。我们需要将当前卡切换到之前的卡，并将未知卡作为当前卡。
# Switch the current card to the previous card
prev_card = current_card
# Choose the new current card
current_card = random.choice(deck)
# Remove the new card from the deck
deck.remove(current_card)
检查回合结果
新卡选定后，我们可以检查结果，即高或低。
# A high card
if cards_values[current_card.value] > cards_values[prev_card.value]:
result = 1
# A low card
elif cards_values[current_card.value] < cards_values[prev_card.value]:
result = 0
# Same value card
else:
result = -1
管理游戏变量
像分数和机会这样的游戏变量需要根据结果进行更新。
# A Tie Round
if result == -1:
clear()
print("\t\t\t TIE GAME!! Play Again")
# Round won
elif choice == result:
clear()
print("\t\t\t YOU WIN!!! Play Again")
score = score + 1
# Round Lost
else:
if chances == 1:
clear()
print("\t\t\t\tGAME OVER")
print_cards(prev_card, current_card)
print("\t\t Your Final Score =", score)
print("\t\t Thank you for playing!!!")
break
clear()
print("\t\t\t YOU LOSE!! Play Again")
chances = chances - 1
在玩家赢之前没有问题。当玩家输了，我们也需要管理游戏的结局。
一旦玩家消耗了最后一次机会，游戏就显示涉及打印最终分数的最终状态。
这总结了用 Python 语言创建我们自己的高低游戏的教程。
完整的代码
import random
import os
# Function to clear the terminal
def clear():
os.system("clear")
# Function to print the scorebaord
def print_scoreboard(score, chances):
print("\t\t\t ____________________")
print("\t\t\t | |")
if score >= 10:
print("\t\t\t | Score = {} |".format(score))
else:
print("\t\t\t | Score = {} |".format(score))
print("\t\t\t | Chances Left = {} |".format(chances))
print("\t\t\t |____________________|")
# Function to print the cards
def print_cards(prev_card, current_card):
print()
print("\t ________________ ________________ ________________")
print("\t| | | | | |")
if prev_card.value == '10' and current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif prev_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
else:
print("\t| {} | | {} | | |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| | | | | * * |")
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.suit, current_card.suit))
print("\t| | | | | * |")
print("\t| | | | | * |")
print("\t| | | | | |")
print("\t| | | | | |")
if prev_card.value == '10' and current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif prev_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
elif current_card.value == '10':
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
else:
print("\t| {} | | {} | | * |".format(prev_card.value,current_card.value))
print("\t|________________| |________________| |________________|")
print()
# The Card class definition
class Card:
def __init__(self, suit, value):
self.suit = suit
self.value = value
def hi_lo_game(deck):
global cards_values
# Initialize the previous card
prev_card = Card(" ", " ")
# Initialize the current card
current_card = random.choice(deck)
# The starting card cannot be lowest or highest
while current_card.value == "A" or current_card.value == "K":
current_card = random.choice(deck)
# Remove the card from the deck
deck.remove(current_card)
# Number of chances left
chances = 3
# The current
score = 0
# The GAME LOOP
while chances:
print_scoreboard(score, chances)
print_cards(prev_card, current_card)
print("\t\t ------------------------------------")
print("\t\t\t\tGAME MENU")
print("\t\t ------------------------------------")
print()
print("\t\t Enter 1 to bet for a high card")
print("\t\t Enter 0 to bet for a low card")
print()
# Check if we reached the end of the deck
if len(deck) == 0:
clear()
print_cards(prev_card, current_card)
print("\t\t YOU HAVE REACHED THE END OF THE DECK!")
print("\t\t Congratulations!!!")
print()
print("\t\t Your Final Score =", score)
print("\t\t Thank you for playing!!!")
break
# Try block for player input error
try:
choice = int(input("\t\t\t Enter your choice = "))
except ValueError:
clear()
print("\t\t\tWrong Input!! Try Again.")
continue
# Some wrong choice
if choice > 1 or choice < 0:
clear()
print("\t\t\tWrong Input!! Try Again.")
continue
# Switch the current card to the previous card
prev_card = current_card
# Choose the new current card
current_card = random.choice(deck)
# Remove the new card from the deck
deck.remove(current_card)
# A high card
if cards_values[current_card.value] > cards_values[prev_card.value]:
result = 1
# A low card
elif cards_values[current_card.value] < cards_values[prev_card.value]:
result = 0
# Same value card
else:
result = -1
# A Tie Round
if result == -1:
clear()
print("\t\t\t TIE GAME!! Play Again")
# Round won
elif choice == result:
clear()
print("\t\t\t YOU WIN!!! Play Again")
score = score + 1
# Round Lost
else:
if chances == 1:
clear()
print("\t\t\t\tGAME OVER")
print_cards(prev_card, current_card)
print("\t\t Your Final Score =", score)
print("\t\t Thank you for playing!!!")
break
clear()
print("\t\t\t YOU LOSE!! Play Again")
chances = chances - 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
# The type of suit
suits = ["Spades", "Hearts", "Clubs", "Diamonds"]
# The suit value
suits_values = {"Spades":"\u2664", "Hearts":"\u2661", "Clubs": "\u2667", "Diamonds": "\u2662"}
# The type of card
cards = ["A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K"]
# The card value
cards_values = {"A": 1, "2":2, "3":3, "4":4, "5":5, "6":6, "7":7, "8":8, "9":9, "10":10, "J":11, "Q":12, "K":13}
# The deck of cards
deck = []
# Loop for every type of suit
for suit in suits:
# Loop for every type of card in a suit
for card in cards:
# Adding card to the deck
deck.append(Card(suits_values[suit], card))
hi_lo_game(deck)
结论
Python 中的 Hi-Lo 游戏是一个非常容易创建的游戏。我们希望读者清楚创建一个简单的基于终端的游戏的基本概念。
如果您有任何疑问或建议，可以在下面的评论区给我们留言。