19 KiB
19 KiB
wxPython:创建一个简单的井字游戏
原文：https://www.blog.pythonlibrary.org/2013/07/30/wxpython-creating-a-simple-tic-tac-toe-game/
我最近意识到 github 上有一个井字游戏挑战，程序员应该创造一个井字游戏，让玩家每次都赢。你必须用 Python 来编码，尽管这个挑战背后的人更喜欢你用 Django 来做。我不太了解 Django，所以我决定尝试使用 wxPython 来创建游戏。是的，wxPython 主要是为了创建跨平台的桌面用户界面，而不是游戏。但是对于这个特殊的主题，它实际上工作得很好。
第一步
第一步是尝试找出使用哪些小部件。出于某种原因，我认为我应该使用 wx。TextCtrls 在开头。然后，我意识到这将增加很多额外的工作，因为我必须添加各种验证，以防止用户输入多个字符，并限制字符的数量。呃。所以我改用切换按钮，具体来说就是 wx.lib.buttons 的 GenToggleButton，如果你想看游戏的完整历史，可以在我的 github repo 上查看。无论如何，现在，我们将花一点时间来看看第一个半工作迭代。你可以在上面的截图中看到这个版本的样子。
代码如下:
import wx
import wx.lib.buttons as buttons
########################################################################
class TTTPanel(wx.Panel):
"""
Tic-Tac-Toe Panel object
"""
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self, parent):
"""
Initialize the panel
"""
wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent)
self.toggled = False
self.layoutWidgets()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def checkWin(self):
"""
Check if the player won
"""
for button1, button2, button3 in self.methodsToWin:
if button1.GetLabel() == button2.GetLabel() and \
button2.GetLabel() == button3.GetLabel() and \
button1.GetLabel() != "":
print "Player wins!"
button1.SetBackgroundColour("Red")
button2.SetBackgroundColour("Red")
button3.SetBackgroundColour("Red")
self.Layout()
return True
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def layoutWidgets(self):
"""
Create and layout the widgets
"""
mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
self.fgSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=3, cols=3, vgap=5, hgap=5)
font = wx.Font(22, wx.FONTFAMILY_DEFAULT, wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL,
wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD)
size = (100,100)
self.button1 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button2 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button3 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button4 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button5 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button6 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button7 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button8 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.button9 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size)
self.widgets = [self.button1, self.button2, self.button3,
self.button4, self.button5, self.button6,
self.button7, self.button8, self.button9]
for button in self.widgets:
button.SetFont(font)
button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onToggle)
self.fgSizer.AddMany(self.widgets)
mainSizer.Add(self.fgSizer, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 5)
endTurnBtn = wx.Button(self, label="End Turn")
endTurnBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onEndTurn)
mainSizer.Add(endTurnBtn, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 5)
self.methodsToWin = [(self.button1, self.button2, self.button3),
(self.button4, self.button5, self.button6),
(self.button7, self.button8, self.button9),
# vertical ways to win
(self.button1, self.button4, self.button7),
(self.button2, self.button5, self.button8),
(self.button3, self.button6, self.button9),
# diagonal ways to win
(self.button1, self.button5, self.button9),
(self.button3, self.button5, self.button7)]
self.SetSizer(mainSizer)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def enableUnusedButtons(self):
"""
Re-enable unused buttons
"""
for button in self.widgets:
if button.GetLabel() == "":
button.Enable()
self.Refresh()
self.Layout()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onEndTurn(self, event):
"""
Let the computer play
"""
# rest toggled flag state
self.toggled = False
# disable all played buttons
for btn in self.widgets:
if btn.GetLabel():
btn.Disable()
computerPlays = []
for button1, button2, button3 in self.methodsToWin:
if button1.GetLabel() == button2.GetLabel() and button1.GetLabel() != "":
continue
elif button1.GetLabel() == button3.GetLabel() and button1.GetLabel() != "":
continue
if button1.GetLabel() == "":
computerPlays.append(button1)
break
if button2.GetLabel() == "":
computerPlays.append(button2)
break
if button3.GetLabel() == "":
computerPlays.append(button3)
break
computerPlays[0].SetLabel("O")
computerPlays[0].Disable()
self.enableUnusedButtons()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onToggle(self, event):
"""
On button toggle, change the label of the button pressed
and disable the other buttons unless the user changes their mind
"""
button = event.GetEventObject()
button.SetLabel("X")
button_id = button.GetId()
self.checkWin()
if not self.toggled:
self.toggled = True
for btn in self.widgets:
if button_id != btn.GetId():
btn.Disable()
else:
self.toggled = False
button.SetLabel("")
self.enableUnusedButtons()
########################################################################
class TTTFrame(wx.Frame):
"""
Tic-Tac-Toe Frame object
"""
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self):
"""Constructor"""
title = "Tic-Tac-Toe"
size = (500, 500)
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)
panel = TTTPanel(self)
self.Show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = wx.App(False)
frame = TTTFrame()
app.MainLoop()
我不打算一一介绍这段代码。不过我会对此进行评论。如果你运行它，你会注意到计算机仍然可以赢。它试图不赢，它真的很容易被打败，但偶尔它会赢，如果你让它赢。你也可以反复点击“结束回合”按钮，直到它获胜，因为它太笨了，没有意识到它跳过了你的回合。也没有办法重启游戏。那有什么好玩的？所以我最终做了一堆工作来让电脑变得“更聪明”,我为玩家添加了一些不同的方式来重启游戏。
最终版本
这是我目前的最终版本。这段代码稍微复杂一点，但是我认为您能够理解它:
import random
import wx
import wx.lib.buttons as buttons
########################################################################
class TTTPanel(wx.Panel):
"""
Tic-Tac-Toe Panel object
"""
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self, parent):
"""
Initialize the panel
"""
wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent)
self.toggled = False
self.playerWon = False
self.layoutWidgets()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def checkWin(self, computer=False):
"""
Check if the player won
"""
for button1, button2, button3 in self.methodsToWin:
if button1.GetLabel() == button2.GetLabel() and \
button2.GetLabel() == button3.GetLabel() and \
button1.GetLabel() != "":
print "Player wins!"
self.playerWon = True
button1.SetBackgroundColour("Yellow")
button2.SetBackgroundColour("Yellow")
button3.SetBackgroundColour("Yellow")
self.Layout()
if not computer:
msg = "You Won! Would you like to play again?"
dlg = wx.MessageDialog(None, msg, "Winner!",
wx.YES_NO | wx.ICON_WARNING)
result = dlg.ShowModal()
if result == wx.ID_YES:
wx.CallAfter(self.restart)
dlg.Destroy()
break
else:
return True
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def layoutWidgets(self):
"""
Create and layout the widgets
"""
mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
self.fgSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=3, cols=3, vgap=5, hgap=5)
btnSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
font = wx.Font(22, wx.FONTFAMILY_DEFAULT, wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL,
wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD)
size = (100,100)
self.button1 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn1")
self.button2 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn2")
self.button3 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn3")
self.button4 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn4")
self.button5 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn5")
self.button6 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn6")
self.button7 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn7")
self.button8 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn8")
self.button9 = buttons.GenToggleButton(self, size=size, name="btn9")
self.normalBtnColour = self.button1.GetBackgroundColour()
self.widgets = [self.button1, self.button2, self.button3,
self.button4, self.button5, self.button6,
self.button7, self.button8, self.button9]
# change all the main game buttons' font and bind them to an event
for button in self.widgets:
button.SetFont(font)
button.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onToggle)
# add the widgets to the sizers
self.fgSizer.AddMany(self.widgets)
mainSizer.Add(self.fgSizer, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 5)
self.endTurnBtn = wx.Button(self, label="End Turn")
self.endTurnBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onEndTurn)
self.endTurnBtn.Disable()
btnSizer.Add(self.endTurnBtn, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 5)
startOverBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Restart")
startOverBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onRestart)
btnSizer.Add(startOverBtn, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 5)
mainSizer.Add(btnSizer, 0, wx.CENTER)
self.methodsToWin = [(self.button1, self.button2, self.button3),
(self.button4, self.button5, self.button6),
(self.button7, self.button8, self.button9),
# vertical ways to win
(self.button1, self.button4, self.button7),
(self.button2, self.button5, self.button8),
(self.button3, self.button6, self.button9),
# diagonal ways to win
(self.button1, self.button5, self.button9),
(self.button3, self.button5, self.button7)]
self.SetSizer(mainSizer)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def enableUnusedButtons(self):
"""
Re-enable unused buttons
"""
for button in self.widgets:
if button.GetLabel() == "":
button.Enable()
self.Refresh()
self.Layout()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onEndTurn(self, event):
"""
Let the computer play
"""
# rest toggled flag state
self.toggled = False
# disable all played buttons
for btn in self.widgets:
if btn.GetLabel():
btn.Disable()
computerPlays = []
noPlays = []
for button1, button2, button3 in self.methodsToWin:
if button1.GetLabel() == button2.GetLabel() and button3.GetLabel() == "":
if button1.GetLabel() == "" and button2.GetLabel() == "" and button1.GetLabel() == "":
pass
else:
#if button1.GetLabel() == "O":
noPlays.append(button3)
elif button1.GetLabel() == button3.GetLabel() and button2.GetLabel() == "":
if button1.GetLabel() == "" and button2.GetLabel() == "" and button1.GetLabel() == "":
pass
else:
noPlays.append(button2)
elif button2.GetLabel() == button3.GetLabel() and button1.GetLabel() == "":
if button1.GetLabel() == "" and button2.GetLabel() == "" and button1.GetLabel() == "":
pass
else:
noPlays.append(button1)
noPlays = list(set(noPlays))
if button1.GetLabel() == "" and button1 not in noPlays:
if not self.checkWin(computer=True):
computerPlays.append(button1)
if button2.GetLabel() == "" and button2 not in noPlays:
if not self.checkWin(computer=True):
computerPlays.append(button2)
if button3.GetLabel() == "" and button3 not in noPlays:
if not self.checkWin(computer=True):
computerPlays.append(button3)
computerPlays = list(set(computerPlays))
print noPlays
choices = len(computerPlays)
while 1 and computerPlays:
btn = random.choice(computerPlays)
if btn not in noPlays:
print btn.GetName()
btn.SetLabel("O")
btn.Disable()
break
else:
print "Removed => " + btn.GetName()
computerPlays.remove(btn)
if choices < 1:
self.giveUp()
break
choices -= 1
else:
# Computer cannot play without winning
self.giveUp()
self.endTurnBtn.Disable()
self.enableUnusedButtons()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def giveUp(self):
"""
The computer cannot find a way to play that lets the user win,
so it gives up.
"""
msg = "I give up, Dave. You're too good at this game!"
dlg = wx.MessageDialog(None, msg, "Game Over!",
wx.YES_NO | wx.ICON_WARNING)
result = dlg.ShowModal()
if result == wx.ID_YES:
self.restart()
else:
wx.CallAfter(self.GetParent().Close)
dlg.Destroy()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onRestart(self, event):
"""
Calls the restart method
"""
self.restart()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def onToggle(self, event):
"""
On button toggle, change the label of the button pressed
and disable the other buttons unless the user changes their mind
"""
button = event.GetEventObject()
button.SetLabel("X")
button_id = button.GetId()
self.checkWin()
if not self.toggled:
self.toggled = True
self.endTurnBtn.Enable()
for btn in self.widgets:
if button_id != btn.GetId():
btn.Disable()
else:
self.toggled = False
self.endTurnBtn.Disable()
button.SetLabel("")
self.enableUnusedButtons()
# check if it's a "cats game" - no one's won
if not self.playerWon:
labels = [True if btn.GetLabel() else False for btn in self.widgets]
if False not in labels:
msg = "Cats Game - No one won! Would you like to play again?"
dlg = wx.MessageDialog(None, msg, "Game Over!",
wx.YES_NO | wx.ICON_WARNING)
result = dlg.ShowModal()
if result == wx.ID_YES:
self.restart()
dlg.Destroy()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def restart(self):
"""
Restart the game and reset everything
"""
for button in self.widgets:
button.SetLabel("")
button.SetValue(False)
button.SetBackgroundColour(self.normalBtnColour)
self.toggled = False
self.playerWon = False
self.endTurnBtn.Disable()
self.enableUnusedButtons()
########################################################################
class TTTFrame(wx.Frame):
"""
Tic-Tac-Toe Frame object
"""
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def __init__(self):
"""Constructor"""
title = "Tic-Tac-Toe"
size = (500, 500)
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)
panel = TTTPanel(self)
self.Show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = wx.App(False)
frame = TTTFrame()
app.MainLoop()
我刚刚注意到，即使这个版本也有一个小错误，它不再像上一个版本那样高亮显示 3 个获胜按钮。然而，现在它正确地轮流，如果用户将要输了，因为计算机可以赢或者没有人会赢，计算机就放弃并告诉玩家他们赢了。是啊，这是一种逃避，但它的工作！这里还有一些我认为会很有趣的补充:
- 音乐
- 音效
- 更加丰富多彩的界面
- 用户选择 X 或 O 的能力
- 不同难度
- 也许可以增加一个模式，让你的游戏范围比 3x3 更大。取而代之的是 6x6 或者其他更大的数字。
无论如何，我希望您会对这个应用程序感兴趣，甚至对理解 wxPython 有所帮助。