gitlab-ce/doc/gitlab-basics/start-using-git.md

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Common Git commands

Learn more about the most commonly used Git commands.

git blame

Use git blame to report which users changed which parts of a file.

git blame <file_name>

You can use git blame -L <line_start>, <line_end> to check a only specific range of lines.

For example, to check which user most recently modified line five of example.txt:

$ git blame -L 5, 5 example.txt
123abc (Zhang Wei 2021-07-04 12:23:04 +0000 5)

git checkout

Use git checkout to switch to a specific branch.

git checkout <branch_name>

To create a new branch and switch to it, use git checkout -b <branch_name>.

git init

Use git init to initialize a directory so Git tracks it as a repository.

git init

A .git file with configuration and log files is added to the directory. You shouldn't edit the .git file directly.

The default branch is set to master. You can change the name of the default branch with git branch -m <branch_name>, or initialize with git init -b <branch_name>.

git pull

Use git pull to get all the changes made by users since the last time you cloned or pulled the project.

git pull <optional_remote> <branch_name>

git remote add

Use git remote add to tell Git which remote repository in GitLab is linked to a local directory.

git remote add <remote_name> <repository_url>

When you clone a repository, by default the source repository is associated with the remote name origin.

git reflog

To display a list of changes to the Git reference logs, use git reflog.

git reflog

By default, git reflog shows a list of changes to HEAD.

git log

To display a list of commits in chronological order, use git log.

git log

git show

To show information about an object in Git, use git show.

For example, to see what commit HEAD points to:

$ git show HEAD
commit ab123c (HEAD -> main, origin/main, origin/HEAD)

git merge

To combine the changes from one branch with another, use git merge.

For example, to apply the changes in feature_branch to the target_branch:

git checkout target_branch
git merge feature_branch

git rebase

To rewrite the commit history of a branch, use git rebase.

You can use git rebase to resolve merge conflicts.

git rebase <branch_name>

In most cases, you want to rebase against the default branch.

git reset

To undo a commit, use git reset to rewind the commit history and continue on from an earlier commit.

git reset